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The ASTM Standards for Scrap Tire- 
Derived Materials 
MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL 
PRESIDENT, MARSHAY, INC. 
PRESENTED TO THE TIRE & RUBBER 
ASSOCIATION OF CANADA 2014 
RUBBER RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM
ASTM International 
ASTM International, formerly known as the American 
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally 
recognized leader in the development and delivery of 
international voluntary consensus standards. Today, 
some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the 
world to improve product quality, enhance safety, 
facilitate market access and trade, and build 
consumer confidence
Why are Standards Necessary? 
ASTM standards are recognized and accepted and can be used in 
court 
The scrap tire industry had a credibility problem in the early years: 
terms were being used without references 
Buyers were concerned about differences between what was 
promised and what was delivered 
Industry was facing many competitors whose materials had ASTM 
standards
ASTM Standards for Ground Rubber 
2 standards for ground rubber were developed in 1992 
1992 was the first time that scrap tires were used as feed stock for ground rubber. Tire buffings, 
a byproduct of tire retreading, were the dominate material at that time. 
Developed as part of an effort by the RMA & NRC to get recycled materials onto the Chicago 
Board of Trade (CBOT). The effort failed, but the industry was able to standardize terminology 
and testing practices. 
Written by the F11 committee 
The two standards have not been updated since 1992. There was an effort to update the 
standards 2011-2013 but there was very little input from the US ground rubber industry
ASTM Standards for Ground Rubber 
D5603-01: Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials: Recycled 
Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber 
Terminology; Sizing of particles; Sampling procedures; Testing and Density 
How to run the tests to determine the size of the ground rubber 
D5644-01: Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials: 
Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Recycled Vulcanizate Particular 
Rubber 
This standard was developed to establish the acceptable range of sizes in any 
size of ground rubber (10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh, etc.)
ASTM Standard on Tire Derived Fuel 
D6700-13: Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tire-Derived Fuel 
Developed in 1996 
Written at a time when TDF was becoming more refined: effort was 
to get rid of the term โ€œNominalโ€ which was widely used but not a 
well defined term 
Last updated in 2012 
Written by Michael Blumenthal, Mark Hope & Terry Gray
D6700-13 
Definitions 
Fuel analysis 
Sampling 
Testing procedures 
Particle sizing 
In 2016 the Standard should be updated to define smaller sized TDF
ASTM Standard for Asphalt Rubber 
Asphalt-Rubber as defined by ASTM D4, ASTM D6114 
Asphalt-Rubber is a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber 
and certain additives, in which the rubber component is at least 15% 
by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt 
cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles 
This is known as hot mix, Arizona mix or the McDonald Process 
Standard was developed between 1988 โ€“ 1996: will likely be 
updated at December 2014 subcommittee meeting
D5644-01 
Terminology 
Testing procedures 
Particle distribution 
This standard cannot be changed to include other asphalt 
technologies which include ground tire rubber (warm mix, terminal 
blend). Warm mix will be performance graded (which AR is not) and 
terminal blending remains patented, which disallows it from having 
an ASTM standard
ASTM Standard: Tire Derived Aggregate 
D6270-13: Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering 
Applications 
Developed in 1996 
Written, in part, as a result of the 2 internal heating episodes in Washington. 
Includes the guidelines for preventing hot spots. Since this document was 
written there have not been any other internal heating episodes 
Written by Dr. Dana Humphrey & Michael Blumenthal 
Updated in 2013
ASTM Standard: Tire-Derived Aggregate 
Definitions 
Particle size 
Material characteristics 
Construction practices 
Leachate 
Material properties 
MSDS
ASTM Std: Loose Fill Playground Rubber 
F3012 - Standard Specification for Loose-Fill Rubber for Use as a Playground 
Safety Surface under and around Playground Equipment: ASTM Volume 15.07 
Developed by Committee F08.63 and finalized in 2013, supported by efforts of 
ISRI & RMA 
Developed as a response to market challenges (competing materials have ASTM 
specs) and concerns about human/environmental health concerns 
The ASTM standard hasnโ€™t reduced concerns by some of the public but does 
address industrial concerns
ASTM Std: Loose Fill Playground Rubber 
Terminology 
Performance requirements 
Sampling 
Testing 
Size requirements 
Metal & fluff content 
There are many non-ASTM reports on human/health issues
ASTM Standard for Infill Rubber 
Being developed in the F08.65 subcommittee 
Currently has a ballot out for impact test which proposes lowering 
HIC & Gmax thresholds 
Discussions ongoing for new test method to measure infill depths 
Last meeting: May 2014 
Benefit of an ASTM standard is to assist industry in standardizing 
material, have a bench-mark for comparison and compete against 
other infill materials
ASTM Standard for Rubber Infill 
Terminology 
Performance requirements 
Sampling 
Testing 
Size requirements 
Metal & fluff content
Conclusions 
The development of the ASTM standards for tire-derived removed an obstacle impeding the 
growth of markets and provides acceptable bench-marks 
ASTM standards gave legitimacy to the industry 
The ASTM standards place tire-derived materials on an equal level with competing materials 
The sale of ground rubber remains predominately an agreement between buyer & seller; ASTM 
standards provide a base line reference 
There remains the use of terms within the industry that are accepted and understood, but not 
consistent with the ASTM definitions: this still causes some confusion to outsiders 
Overall, the ASTM process has been a positive factor to our industry which should continue to 
be supported
CEN: The European Process 
The European Union has developed a series of โ€œstandardsโ€ for tire-derived 
materials, referred to as CEN 
CEN TS14243 characterizes the different materials derived from end of life tires 
in terms of dimensions (ELT cuts, shreds, chips, granulates and powders) and 
impurities (steel & textile) using (EU) harmonized methods of sampling and 
testing 
Work is on-going in CEN TC366 to validate CEN TS14243 into an EU standard and 
to develop standards related to certain physical, composition characteristics of 
the materials produced from ELTs as well as to determine general properties of 
whole tires as required for further processing
ASTM Standards vs. CEN Standards 
Two sets of standards on the same material (tires) which are similar but have 
clear distinctions 
ASTM standards do not present information on the chemical or physical 
properties of tires; This information is not typically included in ASTM resources 
and is available through other sources 
The metrics are different, but are easily converted 
The two standards can compliment each other 
Coordination of these standards should take place so there arenโ€™t significant 
differences which could cause questions or difficulties within the international 
tire recycling industry
Contact Information 
Michael Blumenthal 
President 
Marshay, Inc. 
On the web: scraptireexpert.com 
Email: marshayinc@gmail.com 
845 642 3130

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The ASTM Standards for Scrap Tire-Derived Materials

  • 1. The ASTM Standards for Scrap Tire- Derived Materials MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL PRESIDENT, MARSHAY, INC. PRESENTED TO THE TIRE & RUBBER ASSOCIATION OF CANADA 2014 RUBBER RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM
  • 2. ASTM International ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence
  • 3. Why are Standards Necessary? ASTM standards are recognized and accepted and can be used in court The scrap tire industry had a credibility problem in the early years: terms were being used without references Buyers were concerned about differences between what was promised and what was delivered Industry was facing many competitors whose materials had ASTM standards
  • 4. ASTM Standards for Ground Rubber 2 standards for ground rubber were developed in 1992 1992 was the first time that scrap tires were used as feed stock for ground rubber. Tire buffings, a byproduct of tire retreading, were the dominate material at that time. Developed as part of an effort by the RMA & NRC to get recycled materials onto the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). The effort failed, but the industry was able to standardize terminology and testing practices. Written by the F11 committee The two standards have not been updated since 1992. There was an effort to update the standards 2011-2013 but there was very little input from the US ground rubber industry
  • 5. ASTM Standards for Ground Rubber D5603-01: Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials: Recycled Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber Terminology; Sizing of particles; Sampling procedures; Testing and Density How to run the tests to determine the size of the ground rubber D5644-01: Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials: Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Recycled Vulcanizate Particular Rubber This standard was developed to establish the acceptable range of sizes in any size of ground rubber (10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh, etc.)
  • 6. ASTM Standard on Tire Derived Fuel D6700-13: Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tire-Derived Fuel Developed in 1996 Written at a time when TDF was becoming more refined: effort was to get rid of the term โ€œNominalโ€ which was widely used but not a well defined term Last updated in 2012 Written by Michael Blumenthal, Mark Hope & Terry Gray
  • 7. D6700-13 Definitions Fuel analysis Sampling Testing procedures Particle sizing In 2016 the Standard should be updated to define smaller sized TDF
  • 8. ASTM Standard for Asphalt Rubber Asphalt-Rubber as defined by ASTM D4, ASTM D6114 Asphalt-Rubber is a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber and certain additives, in which the rubber component is at least 15% by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles This is known as hot mix, Arizona mix or the McDonald Process Standard was developed between 1988 โ€“ 1996: will likely be updated at December 2014 subcommittee meeting
  • 9. D5644-01 Terminology Testing procedures Particle distribution This standard cannot be changed to include other asphalt technologies which include ground tire rubber (warm mix, terminal blend). Warm mix will be performance graded (which AR is not) and terminal blending remains patented, which disallows it from having an ASTM standard
  • 10. ASTM Standard: Tire Derived Aggregate D6270-13: Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications Developed in 1996 Written, in part, as a result of the 2 internal heating episodes in Washington. Includes the guidelines for preventing hot spots. Since this document was written there have not been any other internal heating episodes Written by Dr. Dana Humphrey & Michael Blumenthal Updated in 2013
  • 11. ASTM Standard: Tire-Derived Aggregate Definitions Particle size Material characteristics Construction practices Leachate Material properties MSDS
  • 12. ASTM Std: Loose Fill Playground Rubber F3012 - Standard Specification for Loose-Fill Rubber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface under and around Playground Equipment: ASTM Volume 15.07 Developed by Committee F08.63 and finalized in 2013, supported by efforts of ISRI & RMA Developed as a response to market challenges (competing materials have ASTM specs) and concerns about human/environmental health concerns The ASTM standard hasnโ€™t reduced concerns by some of the public but does address industrial concerns
  • 13. ASTM Std: Loose Fill Playground Rubber Terminology Performance requirements Sampling Testing Size requirements Metal & fluff content There are many non-ASTM reports on human/health issues
  • 14. ASTM Standard for Infill Rubber Being developed in the F08.65 subcommittee Currently has a ballot out for impact test which proposes lowering HIC & Gmax thresholds Discussions ongoing for new test method to measure infill depths Last meeting: May 2014 Benefit of an ASTM standard is to assist industry in standardizing material, have a bench-mark for comparison and compete against other infill materials
  • 15. ASTM Standard for Rubber Infill Terminology Performance requirements Sampling Testing Size requirements Metal & fluff content
  • 16. Conclusions The development of the ASTM standards for tire-derived removed an obstacle impeding the growth of markets and provides acceptable bench-marks ASTM standards gave legitimacy to the industry The ASTM standards place tire-derived materials on an equal level with competing materials The sale of ground rubber remains predominately an agreement between buyer & seller; ASTM standards provide a base line reference There remains the use of terms within the industry that are accepted and understood, but not consistent with the ASTM definitions: this still causes some confusion to outsiders Overall, the ASTM process has been a positive factor to our industry which should continue to be supported
  • 17. CEN: The European Process The European Union has developed a series of โ€œstandardsโ€ for tire-derived materials, referred to as CEN CEN TS14243 characterizes the different materials derived from end of life tires in terms of dimensions (ELT cuts, shreds, chips, granulates and powders) and impurities (steel & textile) using (EU) harmonized methods of sampling and testing Work is on-going in CEN TC366 to validate CEN TS14243 into an EU standard and to develop standards related to certain physical, composition characteristics of the materials produced from ELTs as well as to determine general properties of whole tires as required for further processing
  • 18. ASTM Standards vs. CEN Standards Two sets of standards on the same material (tires) which are similar but have clear distinctions ASTM standards do not present information on the chemical or physical properties of tires; This information is not typically included in ASTM resources and is available through other sources The metrics are different, but are easily converted The two standards can compliment each other Coordination of these standards should take place so there arenโ€™t significant differences which could cause questions or difficulties within the international tire recycling industry
  • 19. Contact Information Michael Blumenthal President Marshay, Inc. On the web: scraptireexpert.com Email: marshayinc@gmail.com 845 642 3130