There are three main types of joints in the body: fibrous or fixed joints which allow no movement, cartilaginous or slightly movable joints which allow slight movement, and synovial or freely movable joints. Synovial joints include ball and socket joints like the shoulder, hinge joints like the elbow and knee, pivot joints like between vertebrae, gliding joints between wrist and ankle bones, saddle joints like in the thumb, and condyloid joints between finger bones. Each joint type allows different motions like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

1. JointsBasics

2. TyPESOFJOINTS...
❖ fibrous or fixed joints
❖ Cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints
❖ Synovial or freely moveable joints

3. fibrousjoints
➢When no movement occurs between the
bones concerned, the joint is described as
fibrous (or fixed or immovable ).
➢The bones are held in place by fibrous
connective tissue.
➢It is very difficult to damage this type of joint.

5. CARTILAGINOUSJOINT...
➢Cartilaginous joints are held in place by
cartilage, which allows slight movement to
occur.
➢Examples include the junction at two pelvic
bones, the joints between the ribs and the
sternum.

7. SYNOVIALJOINTS...
➢The amount of movement possible is limited
by ligaments, muscles, tendons and adjoining
bones.
➢These joints are also known as synovial
joints
➢They occur at the shoulder, elbow wrist, finger,
hip, knee, ankle and toes.

9. TYPESOFSYNOVIALJOINTS...
★ Ball and socket joint
★ Hinge joint
★ Pivot joint
★ Gliding joints
★ Saddle joints

10. BALLANDSOCKETJOINT...
❖ this joint forms when the spherical head of one
bone fits into a cup-like cavity of another.
➢the head of the humerus fits into a
depression in the scapula
➢The head of the femur articulates with the
pelvis.

12. HingeJoint...
❖ This joint allows movement in one plane only
❖ They form when the convex surface of one
bone fits into the concave surface of the other
➢elbow and the knee
➢also occurs at the ankle and
➢ between the bones of the finger

14. PivotJoint...
❖ This type of joint are formed when rounded, pointed or
conical end of one bone articulates with a ring, formed
partly by bone and partly by ligament.
➢ The first vertebra, on which the head is balanced (the
atlas) The second vertebra (the axis) . This allows the
head to rotate
➢ Between the ulna and the radius of the forearm, which
allows the rotation of the hand.

16. Glidingjoint...
❖ Allow movement in any direction in side-to-side or back-
and-forth motion.
❖ Restricted only by the ligaments of bony processes
surrounding the joint.
❖ Gliding joints are joined between
➢ Carpal bones
➢ Tarsal bones
➢ The sternum
➢ Clavicle.

18. SaddleJoint...
❖ The two bones forming the joint are saddle
shaped - that is concave in one direction and
convex in the other.
❖ They fit together in such a way that they allow
side to side and back and forth movements
➢This joint is only located where the thumb
joins the palm of the hand.

20. CondyloidJoints...
❖ Have one surface of the bone slightly concave
depression in another bone.
➢Such joints occur between radius and the
carpal bones, the metacarpals bones and
the phalanges of the toes.
❖ They allow movement in two direction such as
side to side and up and down

22. TypesOfMovementAtaJoint...
➔ Flexion (bending)
◆ usually decreases the angle of articulating bones
◆ bending the knee or elbow
➔ Extension (straightening)
◆ increases the angle of articulating bones
◆ straightening the arm or leg after flexion
➔ Abduction
◆ Which is movement away from the midline body
◆ lifting the arm upwards and away from the body
➔ Adduction
◆ Which is movement towards from the midline body
◆ returning the arm after abduction
➔ Rotation
◆ which is the movement of a bone around its long axis