Osteomalacia: Softening of Bones Due to Vitamin D Deficiency
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Osteomalacia is the softening of bones caused by defective bone mineralization due to inadequate levels of phosphate and calcium, often caused by vitamin D deficiency. Some key risk groups include homebound adults, vegetarians, and those with limited sun exposure or gastrointestinal disorders that impact absorption. Symptoms include muscle weakness, bone pain, and increased fracture risk. Treatment involves high dose oral vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate supplements, while prevention focuses on diet, sun exposure, and treating underlying conditions.
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Osteomalacia: Softening of Bones Due to Vitamin D Deficiency
- 1. OSTEOMALACIA Presented By: Shisam Neupane Roll no.: 29 BPH 4th Sem
- 2. Outline of Presentation 1. Introduction 2. Problem Statement 3. Risk Groups 4. Aetiological Factors 5. Signs and Symptoms 6. Clinical Features 7. Diagnosis 8. Treatment 9. Prevention and Control
- 3. 1. Introduction Osteo: Bone Malacia: Abnormal softening of something Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate levels of available phosphate and calcium. Overactive resorption of calcium from the bone which can be caused by hyperparathyroidism. It’s also known as rickets, so, use of the term “osteomalacia” is often restricted to the disease in adults.
- 5. 2. Problem Statement The true prevalence of osteomalacia across the globe remains unknown. Among 2,158 subjects (692 male and 1466 female) of 19-60 years, 73.68% had vit. D deficiency whereas only 26.32% had optimum level of vit. D. Females were more deficient than male by 5.29%. (Prevalence of vit.D deficiency among adult population of western region of Nepal, 2016)
- 6. 3. Risk Groups Homebound adults Vegetarians Women who wear traditional veils or dresses preventing sun exposure Pregnant and lactating women Patients with malabsorption gastrointestinal bypass surgery, kidney and liver problems
- 7. 4. Aetiological Factors Lack of vitamin D Less exposure to sunlight Lack of foods with vit. D supplement Poor absorption of vit. D Gastric bypass Celiac disease (damaged lining of intestines) Liver or kidney disorders (affect metabolism of vit. D) Sometimes genetic too (rare condition) Low intake of phosphate or increased renal losses
- 8. 5. Signs And Symptoms Muscle weakness Tiredness Bone pain Walking with waddling gait Stiffness Pain in lower back, hips and legs Bending of bones
- 11. 6. Clinical Features Weak, soft bones Easy and spontaneous fracture Looser’s zone Tetany by involuntary twitching of the muscles of the face /carpopedal spasm
- 13. 7. Diagnosis Blood test Urine test Bone biopsy X-ray
- 14. 8. Treatment Oral supplements of vit. D (calciferol, calcium, phosphate) 3000 iu of vit. D per day Treatment of associated conditions Cirrhosis Kidney failure Braces to correct bone deformation
- 15. 9. Prevention and Control Dietary intake of vit. D rich foods eg. Milk and milk products, egg, meat, cod liver oil Enough sun exposure Timely treatment of associated aetiological problems Food fortification RDA: 100 iu in adults A recurrence of the disease can probably be prevented by 1000 iu of vit. D orally everyday for life.
- 16. Thank you!