An In-Depth Concept of Practical organic chemistry For IIT JEE (CHEMISTRY) Exams. Join Studyduniya.com for More.

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LASSAIGNE’S TEST
Test for Halogen:
Halogens present in an organic compound
forms sodium halide on fusion with sodium
metal. Sodium halide extracted with water
can be easily identified by adding silver
nitrate solution after acidifying with dil. HNO3

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LASSAIGNE’S TEST
Test for Nitrogen:
The carbon and nitrogen present in the
organic compound on fusion with sodium
metal gives sodium cyanide (NaCN) soluble
in water. This is converted in to sodium
ferrocyanide by the addition of sufficient
quantity of ferrous sulphate.

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LASSAIGNE’S TEST
Test for Nitrogen:
Ferric ions generated during the process
react with ferrocyanide to form prussian blue
precipitate of ferric ferrocyanide.

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LASSAIGNE’S TEST
Test for Sulphur:
Sodium fusion will convert sulphur into
sodium sulphide. Sulphide ions are readily
identified using sodium nitroprusside.

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TEST FOR ALCOHOLIC (R–OH) GROUP
Alcoholic compounds on reaction with ceric
ammonium nitrate give a red colouration
due to the formation of a complex.

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TEST FOR PHENOLIC (Ar-OH) GROUP
Phenols give coloured complex with neutral
ferric chloride solution.

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TEST FOR PHENOLIC (Ar-OH) GROUP
phthalein dye test.
Phenols condense with phthalic anhydride in
the presence of concentrated H2SO4, Phenol
condeses to give phenolphthalein which
gives a dark pink colour with NaOH solution.
This is called phthalein dye test.

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TEST FOR PHENOLIC (Ar-OH) GROUP
phthalein dye test.

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TEST FOR ALDEHYDIC AND
KETONIC GROUPS
On reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(2,4-DNP), they form the respective 2,4–dinitro
-phenyl hydrazones.

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TEST FOR ALDEHYDIC GROUP
Fehling’s test
Fehling’s reagent is freshly prepared by
mixing equal amounts of Fehling’s solution A
and Fehling’s solution B. Fehling’s solution A
is an aqueous copper sulphate solution while
Fehling’s solution B is an alkaline solution of
sodium potassium tartarate (Rochelle’s salt).

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TEST FOR ALDEHYDIC GROUP
Tollen’s test
Tollen’s reagent is an alkaline solution of
silver cation complexed with ammonia

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TEST FOR CARBOXYL GROUP
Carboxylic acids turn blue litmus red and
react with sodium hydrogencarbonate
solution to produce effervescence due to the
formation of carbon dioxide.

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TEST FOR CARBOXYL GROUP
These react with alcohols in the acidic
medium to produce esters.

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TEST FOR AMINO GROUP
Carbylamine test
Aliphatic as well as aromatic primary
amines give carbylamine test in which an
amine is heated with chloroform

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TEST FOR AMINO GROUP
Azo dye test
Primary amine e.g. aniline reacts with
nitrous acid generated in situ by the
reaction of sodium nitrite with HCl at 0–5°C
to produce diazonium salt. This couples
with β-naphthol to give a scarlet red dye,
which is sparingly soluble in water.

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TEST FOR AMINO GROUP
Azo dye test

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SEPARATION OF MONO-FUNCTIONAL
COMPOUNDS FROM BINARY MIXTURES

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SEPARATION OF MONO-FUNCTIONAL
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SEPARATION OF MONO-FUNCTIONAL
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SEPARATION OF MONO-FUNCTIONAL
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SEPARATION OF MONO-FUNCTIONAL
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