• Principles and elements of Architectural Composition, • Qualities of Architecture: user friendly, contextual , ecofriendly, utility of spaces, future growth etc. • Role of “Urban Planner and Architect”in planning and designing in relation with spatial organization, utility, demand of the area and supply

1. Unit 1
Principal and Elements of Architectural Composition
ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
- Prof. Shrikant R. Kate

3. What is architecture?
Architecture is both the process and the product of planning,
designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures.
 It is the space organization for utility to facilitate function.
 It is both a science and an art.
 It requires knowledge of both technology and humanities.
 It is not limited to buildings only; but with the construction of
built environments too (like residential townships etc.)
 It works at both macro levels (buildings, townships) and micro
levels (furniture, construction details etc.)

4. What is architecture?
Architecture deals with planning, designing and constructing form,
space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental
and aesthetic considerations.
• It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials
and technology, and of light and shadow.
• Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.
• Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and
technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behaviour of a
building or other kind of system that is to be or has been
constructed.

11. Environment-Friendly Architecture 11

12. ELEMENTS OF AESTHETICS
1. Point
2. Line
3. Plane
4. Figure
5. Form, Space, Size
6. Background
7. Architectural
Composition
8. Space
9. Mass-Volume
10. Style
11. Light, Shade and
Shadow
12. Dramatics
13. Visual impact-static
and Dynamic
14. Art
15. Feeling
16. Sky Line
17. Solid and Void

13. Principles and Elements of Architectural
Composition
1. Focus
2. Unity
3. Balance
4. Rhythm
5. Harmony
6. Discord
7. Texture
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8. Contrast
9. Monotony
10. Scale
11. Proportion
12. Character
13. Colour

17. UNITY
 Unity occurs when
all the parts of a
home or room are
related by one idea.
 A unified design has
consistency of style

18. VARIETY
 When two or more
different elements of
design are used to
add interest to a
design.
 Variety can be
achieved by
combining different
styles and materials,
as long as they are
compatible.

19. HARMONY
 Is achieved when
unity and variety
are effectively
combined.
 Carrying variety
too far creates
confusion.
 A lack of unity
may make a small
home seem even
smaller.

20. LIGHTHOUSE

22. BALANCE
 A sense of equilibrium.
 When establishing balance consider visual weight
created by size, color, texture and number of objects.

23. TYPES OF BALANCE
 SYMMETRICAL
 Achieved by placing
identical objects on
either side of a central
point.
 ASYMMETRICAL
 Achieved by placing
different objects of
equal visual weight
on either side of a
central point.

25. SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
 Creates a quiet,
restful feeling.
 Suggests restraint,
orderliness,
formality.
 Also called,
FORMAL balance.

27. ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
 Creates more
interesting
arrangements.
 Suggests
informality, relaxed.
 Also referred to as
INFORMAL
balance.

28. ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
 Mirror is placed off
center on the
mantle.
 Tray and bottles on
either side of the
mirror help to
balance it out.

33. Principles of Architecture: Accentuation and Rhythm
 After viewing any space (internally and externally) a person always
has a special feeling about a special element.
 This feeling is because of the impression, emphasis, rigidity,
firmness, function, decisivity of the element.
 This emphasis of the element is termed as accentuation.
 Any repetitive occurrence of a particular pattern is called as rhythm.
 Rhythm may also be created by successive decrease or increase in
the size of chosen pattern.
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34. Rhythm
 Rhythm is a pattern of movement caused by colors, shapes, values,
lines, etc. that occur in organized repetition. If the size, shape or
color of the repeated units is the same and if the distance between
them remains constant, the rhythm is predictable and may even be
monotonous. This is the type of rhythm you could find on wrapping
paper or wallpaper.
 To add variety and visual excitement, an artist may change the
size, color or shape of the repeated units or vary the spacing
between them.
 How does the artist show an interesting rhythm in this painting?
 Is the rhythm exciting or monotonous? How has the artist
accomplished this?

38. TYPES OF RHYTHM
 Rhythm by Repetition
 Rhythm by Gradation
 Rhythm by Radiation
 Rhythm by Opposition
 Rhythm by Transition

39. RHYTHM BY REPETITION
 Rhythm created by
duplicating
(repeating) shapes,
colors, pattern, line,
texture.
 Beams in the ceiling
are repeated.
Window panes,
repeat. Stripes on
ottoman and chair are
repeated.

40. RHYTHM BY GRADATION
 Rhythm created by a
gradual change in
size or color.
 Paint on wall
changes gradually in
value.

41. RHYTHM BY RADIATION
 Rhythm created by
identical objects
coming from a
central axis.
 Tall Grasses
“radiate” from the
center of the vase on
this bathroom
vanity.

42. RHYTHM BY OPPOSITION
 Rhythm created by
lines at right angles
or contrasting
colors.
 Contrasting black
and white tiles and
the lines
intersecting at right
angles.

43. RHYTHM BY TRANSITION
 Rhythm created by
curved lines that
carry your eye across
a straight surface.
 Window treatments
that gently swag
down, create a soft
rhythm by transition.

52. PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE: CONTRAST
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57. PROPORTION
 The Golden Mean – the division of a line or form so
that the smaller portion has the same ratio to the larger
as the larger has to the whole.
 The creative use of color, texture, pattern, and
furniture arrangement can create illusions of
properly proportioned space.
 Effective Ratios are 2:3, 3:5, 5:8, 4:7, etc.
 Square is the least pleasing shape.
 Rectangles are more pleasing, especially with a ratio
of 2:3.

59. SCALE
 Relates to the actual
and relative size and
visual weight of the
design and its
components.
 Furniture and
accessories must be in
scale to the room

60. SCALE & PROPORTION
 Scale relates to the size of a design in relation to
the height and width of the area in which it is
placed.
 Proportion relates to the parts of the object and
how one part relates to another.

61. SCALE & PROPORTION
TOO BIG, TOO SMALL, JUST RIGHT
This chairs
massive scale
diminishes
everything
around it.

62. TOO SMALL.
The chairs
light palate
accentuates
its skinny
scale.

63. JUST RIGHT.
This club
chair
matches the
scale of the
sofa.

64. PROPORTION/SCALE
 As a group, make a room that is OUT of
proportion/scale.
 Any type of room will work.
 The more OUT of proportion the better!
 Must use a minimum of 15 items.

82. USER FRIENDLY AND ECOFRIENDLY ARCHITECTURE
 Green Architecture/Building
 Reduce maintenance/ replacement cost
 Energy conversation
 Grater architectural flexibility
 Environment friendly and resource efficient
 Eco-friendly makes use of
 Local Building Material
 Local workers
 Renewable source of water
 Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, etc.
 Production of natural habitats
 Non-polluting construction practice and industries
 Use of architectural salvage
 Adaptive reuse of older building

83. FUTURE GROWTH
 Important to give a good effect
 It should fulfill the function
 Give good impact to structure as a whole
 It include for Kitchen, Washing Machine, etc.
 It should give architectural effect to suit its purpose
 It should give good aesthetic relative to the need
UTILITY OF SPACE
 After future growth it should not appear outdated or irrelevant
 Hence at design stage future growth should be consider to balance
environmental, social, economic needs.
 Design should be long term planning

84. ROLE OF URBAN PLANNER
 It also known as a regional planner
 It determine development of communities, and metropolitan areas
 Examine land features
 Duties
Develop a plan and take decisions
 Conduct a field investigation for feasibility, approval, change or
reject
 They present a report to government officials and public about land
use project
 Transportation planners
 Use advance methods, tools and techniques like a GPS, GIS, etc.
 For different region check for feasibility
 Work for improvement of society