power point presentation on the trining in instrumentation limited, kota hope the information in the presentation will help you.

1. SUMMER TRAININGSUMMER TRAINING
REPORTREPORT
Instrumentation limited, kotaInstrumentation limited, kota
Presented by :
Shruti Bhargava

2. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Of
Summer Training 2013-14
Certified that Shruti Bhargava student of IIIYear B.E (VI Semester) Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Poornima Group of Institutions has submitted her presentation
report after successfully completing the Summer Practical Training at “INSTRUMENTATION
LIITED” as prescribed in the syllabus of Rajasthan Technical University for B.Tech. Degree
course. The report has been found satisfactory and is approved for submission.
Mr. Pawan Chauhan Mr. Bhawar Veer Singh
Mr. Alok Kumar (HOD, Dept. of ECE)
(PTS Coordinators, ECE)
Dr. Rakesh Duggal
(Campus Director, PGI)

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Before I get into thick of things, I want to cover my best regards and heart felt
gratitude towards many individuals without whom it would be a very intricate to
accomplish the task of compiling this report and information.
First and foremost I extend my thanks and gratitude to the entire unit of
“INSTRUMENTATION LIMITED, Kota” along with Mr. N.Panian(Engineer
Trg. & OD deptt.), Mr. B.K Barua(Senior personal officer Trg. & OD deptt.)
whose guidance and knowledge supported during my training session.
I am highly indebted to Dr. Rakesh Duggal(Campus Director, PGI),
Mr. Bhanwar Veer Singh (HOD, Dept. of ECE),Mr. Pawan Chauhan
(Assistant Professor) and Mr. Alok Kumar(Assistant Proffessor)for providing
me the desired platform and deliver the learning in effective and efficient
manner.

5. CONTENTSCONTENTS
o Introduction
o Safety Department
o Quality Assurance (QA)
o Gas Analyzer
o Railway Signaling Relay (RSR)
o Card Assembly (PCB)
o Telecom Technology
o SBC

6. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
1

7. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
2

8. SAFETY DEPARTMENTSAFETY DEPARTMENT
Any real or potential conditions produced by
industries that can cause injury or death to
personal or loss of product or property.
Safety department provide all the measures
to safeguard there employees and machinery
and environment .
 house keeping
 wearing apparel
 protective appliances
 guarding of machinery
 prevention of fire
 wiring protection etc.
3

9. QUALITY ASSURANCEASSURANCE
4

10. QUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY ASSURANCE
QA and Testing are two of the most critical components
to maintaining a competitive edge.
Quality assurance & Testing of the product is an
essential process that is undertaken for clients so that
company can deliver them the kind of product that will
match their standards of their brand name.
IL understands the amount of labor and efforts goes
behind manufacturing products. QA team leaves no
stone unturned to assure 100% quality and accuracy.
5

11. QUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY ASSURANCE
One quality assurance
evaluation of management
and non-management work
used is called "Plan Do
Check Act" uses a
continuous loop of activities
to accomplish work and to
improve jobs. The objective
is to get the job done right
and on time the first time
and maybe better the next
time.
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12. VISITING SECTIONSVISITING SECTIONS
I have visited following departments during my training
period –
 Analyzer products
 Railway Signaling Relay
 PCB center
 tel-testing and serv.
 SBC
7

13. GAS ANALYZERGAS ANALYZER
Gas analyzer are the instruments used for continues measurement of
percentage of a particular gas in a gas mixture.
Some of the gas analyzers are listed below –
S.NO TYPE OF ANALYZER GAS MEASURED
1 Paramagnetic O2
2 Thermal conductivity H2, SO2, CO2,Ar
3 Infrared CO, CO2, SO2, NH3
4 Zirconium probe type
analyzer
O2
8

14. GAS ANALYZERGAS ANALYZER
The gas sampling system is used to make the process gas
suitable for feeding to the analyzer.
The sampling system consists of following components –
• gas sampling probe
• heating device
• condensate removal & filtration device
• sample gas cooler
• diaphragm pump
• pressure reducer
• flow meter
9

15. GAS ANALYZERGAS ANALYZER
Zirconium's probe OZirconium's probe O22 analyzeranalyzer
This analyzer work on the principle that a disc of zirconium oxide
material acts as a solid electrolyte, when it is subjected to different
partial pressure of O2 on it’s two side. The mv generated across
the two sides of the ZrO2 disc is governed by Nernst equationNernst equation –
EMF = KT log10 (P1/P2) + C
10

16. RAILWAY SIGNALING RELAYRAILWAY SIGNALING RELAY
An relay is an electrical device that opens
or closes several circuits in response to a
current in another circuit.
By energizing/de-energizing one relay,
several other relay circuits can be
controlled by contacts of that relay.
In simple words a relay is an multi-
switching device with multiple contact
pairs.
In RSR there are two contact pairs –
i. Front contact pairs (normally open)
ii. Back contact pair (normally close)
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17. RAILWAY SIGNALING RELAYRAILWAY SIGNALING RELAY
Type of relay based on there front and back connections –
1)A (12F 4B)
2)B (8F 8B)
3)C (12F 4B)
4)D (8F 8B)
5)E (2F 1B)
6)G (1F 2B)
Internal resistance - minimum
Contact pressure - >28gm
Contact gap - >0.4mm
12

18. RAILWAY SIGNALING RELAYRAILWAY SIGNALING RELAY
13
I.L manufactures two type of relays –
1.LINE RELAY
2.TRACK RELAY
LINE RELAYLINE RELAY
This relay is used for classification of line.
There are two signals red and green.
a.Red signal indicates hat the line is busy.
b.Green light indicates that the line is clear.
TRACK RELAYTRACK RELAY
This type of relay is used for changing track at railway station.

19. RAILWAY SIGNALING RELAYRAILWAY SIGNALING RELAY
Track Circuit - Block Occupied
14

20. RAILWAY SIGNALING RELAYRAILWAY SIGNALING RELAY
When a train enters the block (above), the leading wheels short circuits the
current, which causes the relay to de-energies and drop the contact so that the
signal lamp supply circuit now activates the red signal lamp. The system is
"fail-safe", or "vital" as it is sometimes called, because any break in the circuit
will cause a danger signal to be displayed.
The figure is a simplified description of the track circuit. The reality is
somewhat more complex. A block section is normally separated electrically
from its neighboring sections by insulated joints in the rails. However, more
recent installations use electronics to allow joint less track circuits. Also, some
areas have additional circuits which allow the signals to be manually held at red
from a signal box or control centre, even if the section is clear. These are
known as semi-automatic signals. Even more complexity is required at
junctions.
15

21. CARD ASSEMBLY (PCB centre)CARD ASSEMBLY (PCB centre)
In this process components are mounted through
drilled hole on the PCB.
Type of card assembly –
1.Through hole (TH)
2.Surface mount technology (SMT)
16

22. CARD ASSEMBLYCARD ASSEMBLY
Through hole (TH)Through hole (TH)
In this process components are mounted through drilled hole on
PCB.
In this process wave-soldering machine is used for soldering
components through hole.
17

23. CARD ASSEMBLYCARD ASSEMBLY
WAVE SOLDERING MACHINEWAVE SOLDERING MACHINE
 WWave soldering is a large scale soldering process by which electronic
components are soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB) to form an electronic
assembly.
 The name is derived from the use of waves of molten solder to attach metal
components to the PCB.
 The process uses a tank to hold a molten solder, the components are
inserted into or placed on the PCB.
ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE
• much faster
• create high quality product than manual soldering of components.
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24. 19

25. SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGYSURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY
(SMT)(SMT)
Surface mount technology (SMT) on an electronics assembly
technique where electronic components are mounted to surface of
printed circuit board without holes drilled through the board for
insertion of component leads.
ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE
• very efficientvery efficient
• fast technologyfast technology
• save the cost of placing the component and time about 30%save the cost of placing the component and time about 30%
more faster than the work power.more faster than the work power.
20

26. Equipments used in SMTEquipments used in SMT
 Screen printer –Screen printer – To print
the solder paste/glue on
the board. The places on
the PCB where we want
to fix the component is
made shining by putting
this paste.
21

27. Equipments used in SMTEquipments used in SMT
22
 pick and mountpick and mount
machine –machine – In this the
components are picked up
and placed at appropriate
location. There are
different nozzles as per
the component. It’s speed
of placing is around
20,000 components per
hour..

28. Equipments used in SMTEquipments used in SMT
23
 re-flow oven –re-flow oven – In this oven
solder is melted through hot
air which grips the particular
component, also there is a
blower which cools the PCB
when it is very hot.

29. Flow Chart For Card AssemblyFlow Chart For Card Assembly
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30. TELECOM TECHNOLOGYTELECOM TECHNOLOGY
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31. TELECOM TECHNOLOGYTELECOM TECHNOLOGY
Information technology and
communication are being the most
promising area of business. IL therefore
tied-up with Center for Development of
Telemetric(C-DOT), a Telecom
Technology Center of Govt. of India for its
switching process.
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IL has been pioneer in manufacturing and
servicing of Telecom Switching
equipment’s since1988. Beginning with
128 P RAX catering to needs of Rural
Areas, it has gradually evolved through
medium size exchange(256 P RAX, 512
P SBM-RAX) to current large size
switches(Main Automatic Exchange-XL)
appropriate for Urban and Metro(Central
Office) application.

32. HARDWARE ARCHITECTUREHARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
BASE MODULE –
It interfaces the external world to switch. The interface may be subscriber lines,
analog or digital trunks from remote modules & line concentrators.
Each BM can interface up to 2024 terminals
One BM contain –
 4 TUs (terminal units)
 1 BPU (base processor unit)
 1 TSU (time switching unit)
27

33. HARDWARE ARCHITECTUREHARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
BM hardware is spread over following type of
units-
1. Analogue Terminal Unit – Analogue TU is
used for interfacing analogue lines & trunks &
providing special circuits.
2. Digital Terminal Unit - Digital TU is used for
interfacing digital trunks.
3. Base Processor Unit –BPU used for control
message communication and call processing
functions.
4. Time Switch Unit - TSU used for voice and
message switching and provision of service
circuits.
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34. SN Exchange Configuration Termination capacity Application
1. SBM-L 1BM+2LMs 1500 Lines + 128 Trunks or 450
Trunks only
Medium size rural switch.
2. MAX-L 16 BMs-L 20,000 Lines + 3,000 Trunks or
7200 Trunks only
Large size
urban/Metropolitan
switch
3. SBM-XL 1BM+2LMs 1500 Lines + 128 Medium size rural switch.
4. MAX-XL 32BMs-L 40000 Lines + 6000 Trunks or
14500 Trunks only
Very Large capacity
switch for Metropolitan
area
5. RSU 1BM-XL+2LMs 2000 Lines Remotely located switch.
EXCHANGE CONFIGURATION ANDEXCHANGE CONFIGURATION AND
THEIR TRAFFIC CAPACITIESTHEIR TRAFFIC CAPACITIES
29

35. SWITCH BOARD CABINETSSWITCH BOARD CABINETS
(SBC)(SBC)
30

36. SWITCH BOARD CABINETSSWITCH BOARD CABINETS
(SBC)(SBC)
In one corner of the coach the switch board cabinet is provided. The outside is
covered by high pressure laminated walls and doors into which large glass
panes are integrated.
After opening the switch board cabinet doors all electrical control equipment
located centrally here can easily be accessed. The equipment is fixed to
different layers which can be opened one after the other.
The air conditioning system comprises 2 roof-mounted compact units located
one at each coach end. The 2 units are controlled by one microprocessor
located in the switchboard cabinet to ensure a proper functioning of both units
together. The operating voltage of the unit is 3 phase, 415 V, 50 Hz. Each unit
has 2 refrigerant circuits with hermetic refrigerant compressors, condensers
with Cu pipes and Al fins, evaporators and condenser fans.
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37. REFERANCESREFERANCES
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http://www.ilkota.in/html/prdh2.htm
http://www.ilkota.in/html/prdh4.htm
http://www.ilkota.in/html/profile.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-mount_technology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
http://www.cdot.co.in/solution_products/main_automatic_exchanges.htm
http://www.cdot.co.in/solution_products/rural_automatic_exchanges.htm
http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/alstomcoaches.html
http://www.flexsin.com/software-web-development/quality-assurance-testing.php
http://www.scribd.com/doc/100005324/Report-on-Instrumentation-Limited
http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-instrumentation-limited-kota-raj
http://www.eiconnect.com/pcbprocessflow.aspx#top
http://www.technologystudent.com/pcb/pcbflow2.htm
http://bsnltraningreport.blogspot.in/