Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies that are produced by one type of immune cell and are directed against a specific epitope or antigen. They are typically created by fusing myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse that has been immunized with the desired antigen. This fusion forms a hybridoma cell line that can produce monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies have important diagnostic uses in detecting conditions like pregnancy and infections. They are also used therapeutically for cancer treatment.
2. Introduction
• Antibodies : is a protein used by the immune
system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like
bacteria and viruses. Each antibody recognizes a
specific antigen unique to its target.
• Monoclonal antibodies : are the antibodies that
identical because they were produced by one type of
immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell.
4. Characters of Monoclonal Antibodies
• Monoclonal antibodies : are single type of
antibody that are identical and are directed against a
specific epitope ( antigen, antigenic determinant)
and produced by B cell clones of a single parent or a
single hybridoma cell line. A hybridoma cell line is
formed by the fusion of a one B cell lymphocyte with
a myeloma cell. Some myeloma cell synthesize single
mAb antibodies naturally.
6. Hybridoma creates monoclonal
antibodies
• Monoclonal antibodies are typically made by
fusing myeloma cell with the spleen cells from
a mouse that has been immunized with the
desired antigen. However, recent advances
have allowed the use of rabbit B-cell.
7.
8. Principles of hybridoma technology
• Inject the protein in to mouse.
• Remove the spleen.
• Identify which spleen cells are producing
antibodies.
• Separate these cells and grow in tissue culture
tubes.
• Screen each Ab for cross reactivity.
• Select the Ab which does not cross react with any
other protein.
10. Monoclonal uses
• Diagonistic use : Although monoclonal
antibodies were first produced in 1975 as
research tools, scientists quickly recognized
their practical uses, especially in diagnostic
tests and in therapy.
• Detect pregnancy .
• Diagnosis of hepatitis, influenza, herpes,
streptococcal infection.
11. • Monoclonal helps in immunodiagnostic tests.
• Monoclonal antibodies used for cancer
treatment.
