This document provides an introduction to and overview of the topics of science and technology that will be studied. It includes definitions of science, technology, and the field of science and technology studies. It also summarizes the history of science and technology as the study of how humanity's understanding of the natural world has changed over time. Additionally, it outlines India's progress in the fields of science and technology, noting its development of skills and technologies to modernize society as well as its growth in areas like energy and research publications. However, it states that India is still lagging behind countries like the US in areas such as research investment and researchers per capita.

1. Welcom
e
Made by Simran
Class IX

3. We’ll be
Studying these
topics under
Science &
Technology.
INDEX
What is Science &
Technology?
 History of science and
technology.
 Science And Technology
India.

in

4. WHAT IS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY?


Science, technology and society (STS), also
referred to as science and technology
studies, is the study of how social, political,
and cultural values affect scientific research
and technological innovation , and how
these, in turn, affect society, politics
and culture. STS scholars are interested in a
variety of problems including the
relationships between scientific and
technological innovations and society, and
the directions and risks of science and
technology. More than two dozen universities
worldwide offer bachelor's degrees in STS.
Science and technology is a term of art used
to encompass the relationship between
science and technology. It frequently appears
within titles of academic disciplines and
government offices.

5. HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 The
history of Science and
Technology (HST) is a field
of history which examines
how humanity's
understanding of the
natural world (science) and
ability to manipulate it have
changed over the centuries.
This academic discipline
also studies the cultural,
economic, and political
impacts of scientific
innovation.
Oooh!
History,
Quite
interesting

6. 
Histories of science were
originally written by
practicing and retired
scientists, starting primarily
with William Whewell, as a
way to communicate the
virtues of science to the
public. In the early 1930s,
after a famous paper given
by the Soviet historian Boris
Hessen, was focused into
looking at the ways in which
scientific practices were
allied with the needs and
motivations of their context.

8. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

The Indian science and technology
space has been instrumental to bring
social and economic changes. The
country has not only endeavored to
upgrade traditional skills to make
them relevant and competitive, but
has also been on a spur to develop
advanced technologies, which has
eventually played a pivotal role in
transforming the nation into a
modern, industrialized society.
Scientific knowledge and expertise,
innovation, high technology,
industrial infrastructure and skilled
workforce are the key factors that
have driven the progress of the
country to a major extent.

9. 
The Indian space technology
has come a long way in
terms of infrastructure as
well as investments. India is
the fifth largest consumer of
energy globally and
expected to become the
world's third biggest energy
consumer by 2030, leaving
Japan and Russia behind.
India has been ranked as the
third best investment
destination in renewable
energy sector, next only to
China and the US, as per a
recent report by Ernst &
Young (E&Y).

11. 
India accounts for about 10% of all
expenditure on research and
development in Asia and the number
of scientific publications grew by 45%
over the past five years. However,
according to India's science and
technology minister, Kapil Sibal, India
is lagging in science and technology
compared to developed countries.
India has only 140 researchers per
1,000,000 population, compared to
4,651 in the United States. India
invested US$3.7 billion in science and
technology in 2002–2003. For
comparison, China invested about
four times more than India, while the
United States invested approximately
75 times more than India on science
and technology. Despite this,
five Indian Institutes of
Technology were listed among the top
10 science and technology schools in
Asia by Asia week.
India is one of the
top-ranking
countries in the
field of basic
research. Indian
Science has come
to be regarded as
one of the most
powerful
instruments.