2. INTRODUCTION
• Any combination of persons, whether temporary or permanent, primarily for the
purpose of regulating the relations between workers and employers or between
workers and workers
• Imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business
• Includes the federation of two or more trade unions
• Relatively permanent combination of workers and is not temporary a casual
• Association of workers engaged in securing economic benefits for its members
• Character of trade union has been constantly changing
• Its origin and growth has been influenced by a number of ideologies
3. FORMS OF TRADE UNION
1. Classical
• Collectively protect interest of its members in given socio-economic political system
• Expressions of the needs, aspirations and wishes of working class
2. Neo-classical
• Goes beyond classical objectives
• Tries to improve up other wider issues like tax-reliefs, raising saving rates, etc
3. Revolutionary
• Change in the system
• Establishing the rule of working class through violence and use of force, etc
4. PRINCIPLES OF TRADE UNIONISM
• Union is strength
• Equal pay for equal work or for the same job
• Security of service
5. OBJECTIVES OF TRADE UNION
• Wages and salaries
• Working conditions
• Discipline
• Personnel policies
• Welfare
• Employee-employer relation
• Negotiating machinery
• Safeguarding organizational health and interest of the industry
6. ESSENTIALS OF A SUCCESSFUL
TRADE UNION
• Enlightened
• Solid foundation
• Clearly enunciated objectives and a coherent and well-conceived policy
• Run by members for the members
• Honesty and integrity of purpose
• Look beyond its own horizon
• Sense of responsibility
7. THEORIES OF TRADE UNIONISM
• Karl Marx theory Classless Society
• Webb’s theory of industrial democracy or Non-revolutionary
• Cole’s theory of union control of industry
• Perlman’s theory of the “Scarcity Consciousness” of manual workers
• Hoxie’s social psychological approach
• Tannenbaum’s theory of capitalism approach or Man vs Machine
• Common’s environment theory
• Mitchell’s economic protection theory of trade unionism
• Simons theory of monopolistic
• Sarvodaya approach of Gandhi
8. KARL MARX THEORY CLASSLESS
SOCIETY
• Also called anti-capitalism approach
• Trade union is an instrument for destroying the capitalist class
• Capitalism develop three tendency:
1. Tendency of heavy conversations of wealth in the hands of few of the largest
capitalists
2. Tendency towards a steady depression of wages and growing misery of wage
earners keep revolutionary order alive
3. Inevitable and frequent economic crisis under capitalism lead the working class
towards destruction
9. WEBB’S THEORY OF INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACY OR NON-REVOLUTIONARY
• Webb’s book “Industrial democracy” is the Bible of trade unionism
• Trade unionism is an extension of democracy from political sphere to industrial
sphere
• Collective bargaining is the process which strengthens labour
10. COLE’S THEORY OF UNION
CONTROL OF INDUSTRY
• Cole’s views are given in his book “World of Labour” 1913
• Unionism is class struggle and ultimate is the control of industry by labour
• Ultimate objective of trade union is to have control of the workers over the industry
• Immediate objectives may be realizations of higher wages and better condition of
employment for the workers
11. PERLMAN’S THEORY OF THE “SCARCITY
CONSCIOUSNESS” OF MANUAL
WORKERS
• “Working people in reality felt an urge towards collective control of their
employment opportunities, but hardly towards similar control of industry”
• Theory of labour movement should include theory of psychology of the laboring
man
• Three dominant factors:
1. The capacity or incapacity of the capitalist system to survive as a ruling group in
the face of revolutionary attacks
2. The source of anti-capitalist influences being primarily from among the
intellectuals in any society
3. Most vital factor in the labour situation was trade union movement
12. HOXIE’S SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
APPROACH
• Workers have common interpretations of their social situation to their problem of
living, so that unite into a union
• Classified unionism on the basis of their functions
• Business unionism for protecting interest of various craftsmen
• Uplift unionism for the purpose of contributing better life
• Revolutionary unionism replace existing social order
• Predatory unionism rests on support of others
13. TANNENBAUM’S THEORY OF
CAPITALISM APPROACH OR MAN VS.
MACHINE
• Fundamental cause of exploitation of workers in the use of machines
• The machines threatens the security of the individual workers and they react in self
defense, through the union, to attempt to control of machines
• Union is formed in reaction to alienation and loss of community in an individualistic
and unfeeling society
• Trade union movement is an unconscious effort to harness the drift of time and
reorganize it around the cohesive identity that men working together always
achieve reasons for joining trade unions
14. COMMON’S ENVIRONMENT THEORY
• Collective bargaining was an instrument of class struggle
• Ultimate there will be partnership between employers and employees
15. MITCHELL’S ECONOMIC PROTECTION
THEORY OF TRADE UNIONISM
• Mitchell, a labour leader, completely rejected individual bargaining
• Unions afford economic protection to labour
16. SIMONS THEORY OF MONOPOLISTIC
• He denounced trade unionism as monopoly founded on violence
• He claimed monopoly power has no use to save abuse
17. SARVODAYA APPROACH OF
GANDHI
• Gandhiji philosophy is based upon the sarvodaya principle of truth, trusteeship and
non-violence
• Trade union are economic institution in which capital and labour are not
antagonistic but are supplementary to each others
18. STRUCTURE OF TRADE UNIONS IN
INDIA
There are two types of organizations to which trade union are affiliated:
1. The National Federation
2. The Federations of Union
19. THE NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
• Apex trade union
• Brings coordination in the activities of trade union
• Any trade union can join national federation to have a national character
• Some of the trade union leaders are MLA, MP, big corporate
20. THE FEDERATIONS OF UNION
• Various union combine together to form the federation of unions for the purpose of
gaining more solidarity and strength
• The federation of unions have logical, regional, state, national and international
character
• In India, many trade union are affiliated to one or the other central organisation
21. CENTRAL TRADE UNION
ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA
• All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
• Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
• Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)
• Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)
• Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)
• United Trade Union Congress (UTUC)
• Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)
• United Trade Union Congress – Lenin Sarani (UTUC-LS)
• National Labour Organization (NLO)
22. CENTRAL TRADE UNION
ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA
• Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
• Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU)
• National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)