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KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT

Railway Department 

COUNTRY REPORT AND THE RAILWAY 
DEVELOPMENT IN CAMBODIA
&
COURSE PRESENTATION
on
“Costing & Pricing of Rail Transport Service”
Presented by Mr. Sok‐Tharath CHREUNG
Deputy Director of Railway Department
Date February 2014
Date February 2014
Organized by AITD & NAIR
3‐15 February 2914, Vadodara, INDIA 
Contents
I. Country Report and the Railway Development in
Cambodia
Course Presentation:
II. Cost and Pricing of a Train Passenger Service in
Cambodian: Train? still Bus?
III. How to make Cambodian Railway Systems
profitable?
I. CAMBODIA’s
Country Profile

15.26 millions (2012)**

Annual Population
Growth

1.5 per cent (2010-2012)

Urban Population

20 %

GDP Growth

7.2 % (2012)

GDP per capita
p
p

US$ 934 (
$
(2012)**
)

Currency

Riel but US$ is widely used

Major Ports

Member State of ASEAN in Apr 1999
Member State of ASEAN in Apr 1999

181,035 sq km
(just about the same size of
Gujarat State of India)
India)*

Population

Capital City: Phnom Penh

Land Area

Sihanoukville Port and
Phnom Penh Port

Length of Roads
(National, Provincial & Rural)

45,256.03 km (2012)

Length of Railroad

Length of Asian
Highway Route in
Cambodia

1,486.8 km
(AH1, AH11 & AH123)

Number of Vehicle
* Gujarat State’s Area: 196,204 Km2 

652 km (connected with
Thailand and seaport)
*Missing link with VN & Laos

1,761,415 vehicles (2012)

**Source: IMF

3
Cambodia’s Railway Networks

1. Northern line, consists of 386 km
- Phnom Penh to Poipet (Thai Border)
- Si l Track Meter gauge 1000mm
Single T k M t
1000
- Constructed since 1929 (during
French Colonial Era) and finished in
1942 using steel sleepers (are
replaced by concrete sleeper) bold
rigid and used P 30 of rail support for
15 tons axle load (will be upgraded to
20 tons axle load). It consists of 49
Stations.
Stations
(still under rehabilitation).
2. Southern line, consists of 266 km
- Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville Port
- Single Track Meter gauge 1000mm
- Constructed since 1960 (After
Independent from French) and
finished in 1969; using concrete
sleepers and P 43 of rail support for
20 tons axle load. it consists of 29
Stations.
(
(rehabilitation completed in 2011)
p
)
These rehabilitated projects cost US$142
Millions and are financed by ADB
(60%), AusAid (15%) & RGC (15%).
Summary of Cambodia’s Road Networks
Length,
Km

Road Classification under MPWT

NR, 1
digit

2 262 77
2,262.77

NR, 2
digit

3,360.30

NR, 1 digit
,
g
NR, 2 digit
PR, 3 & 4 digit
Total

Road
Class

Provinci
al Road
Rural
Road
Total

Road
Classification

Length,
Km
2,262.77
,
3,360.30
6,627.96
12,231.78

45,256.03

- Road Density is about

249.87 Km/1000

km2

NR ,1 digit
18.34%

18.34
27.47
54.19
100
PR, 3 & 4 digit
PR
di i
54.19%

6,627.96
33,005.00

Length,
(%)

NR , 2 digit
di i
27.47%

Road Pavement type under MPWT

Road Pavement Type
Portland Cement Concrete, PCC
Asphalt Concrete, AC
Double Bituminous Surface
Treatment, DBST
Laterite
Earth Road
Total

Length, Km

Length, (%)

23.02

0.19

934.5

7.64

4,756.68

38.89

5,189.65

42.43

1,327.93

10.85

12,231.78

100

5
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Photograph of 1‐Digit National Roads

National Road  #1
from Phnom Penh to Ho Chi Minh City
(Plan to upgrade to 4 lanes)

National Roads #5 from Phnom Penh to Thai Border
(Under upgrading to 4 lanes)

7
Status of Asian Highways in Cambodia
Route No
Route No.

Total Length 
g
(Km)

ASEAN Highways
ASEAN Highways

AH 1

Poi Pet – Sisophon ‐ Phnom Penh ‐ Bavet

AH 11

Sihanoukville ‐ Phnom Penh ‐Kampong Cham ‐
Stung Treng  Trapeangkreal
Stung Treng ‐Trapeangkreal

762.8

AH 123

Cham Yeam ‐ Koh Kong ‐ Phum Daung Bridge ‐
Sre Ambel ‐Chamkar Luong

151

573.0

Total Length 
Total Length (Km)

1,486.80
1 486 80

8
Major Ports and Airports in Cambodia
Cambodia has 02 autonomous ports, - Provincial authorities have 02 coastal
ports and seven river ports,
- Private enterprises owned have 03
coastal ports, and
l
d
- District authorities have 42 ports.

Siem Reap
International
Airport

Phnom Penh
International
Airport

Cambodia has 02 International
Airports,
Airports -- Phnom Penh International
Airport and Siem Reap International
Airport.

Sihanoukville
Autonomous Port
(Sea Port)

Phnom Penh
Autonomous
Port (River Port)

9
The Chronicle of Cambodian Railway
1. French Colonial Era (1863-1953): The First Construction of Cambodian Railway in 19291942 of the Northern Line for 386 km (from Phnom Penh to Thai Border).
2. Independent Era (King Sihanouk, 1953-1970): The 2nd Construction of Cambodian Railway in
1960-1969 of the Southern Line for 264 km (from Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville Port) for the
purpose of buster international trade.
3. The 1st Civil War (American-Vietnam War:1970-1975): The first wave of destruction of
Cambodian Railway. Both lines were frequently blew up sections by sections; all trains
operation were almost completely ceased.
4. The Communist Regime (Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979): Both lines were rehabilitated (a major
mode of transport), but train operations’ capacity were very low due to close economies.
5. The 2nd Civil War (1979-1991): Both lines were again frequently destructed but trains were
still operated on daily/or weekly basis after sectional repairs.
6. The Collapse of Cambodia Royal Railway (1991-2006): The interruption of continuing civil
wars with very poor maintenance of both tracks and trains led to transport services by rail
sharply drop and until 2006 all trains transport service were completely shutdown.
However, another reason of shutdown was the RGC stop providing subsidies.
7. The Restructuring of Cambodia Royal Railway (2006-2010): ADB started to finance the track
works reconstruction of both lines (18 Feb 2008), and The State run company of Cambodia
Royal Railway were dissolved on 1st Oct 2009 and all asset are conceded to an Australian
private corporation (Toll Royal Railway) under 30 years Concession Agreement for Freight
Service. Then the Cambodian Railways are revitalized (re-operated) in October 1st, 2010.
Also The Railway Department were established on Oct 1st 2009 to oversee the
Concessionaire and other railway development projects
projects.
8. Cambodia Railway Networks Master Plan has been developed in a comprehensive manner
for Short, Medium and Long Term Development for the next 25 years.
The Institution: Railway Department, under the Ministry of Public
Works and Transport
The Royal Government of Cambodia established Railway Department directly under
Ministry of Public Works and Transport by sub decreed No. 163 dated 01
October 2009.
The Railway Department and Concession Management Committee (CMC) are
the authorities who oversees the railway concession agreement, railway
reconstruction projects and become the f l point f other railway
i
j
db
h focal i for h
il
developments in Cambodia.
Total Number of Staffs: 300 persons
Management Staffs
: 6 persons (1 Director & 5 Deputies)
Engineer & Other Professional Staffs
: 60 persons
Technicians
: 100 persons
Skill Workers/Clerks
: 140 persons
p
Address Railway Department :
# 163 Russian Federation Blvd, Sangkat Srach Chak, Khan Daun Penh,Phnom
Chak,
Penh, C b di (Opposite of the C
P h Cambodia. (O
i f h Council Mi i
il Ministers)
)
Phone : +855 (011) 45 68 78
Fax : +855 (023) 42 61 40
E mail: tharath@gmail com
I- General Information
Organization Structure Chart of Railway Department
g
y
p
DIRECTOR
Secretariat

Deputy Director
Concession Relations

Deputy Director
Development

Legal Office

Deputy Director
Policy & International
Cooperation

Deputy Director
Inspections

Deputy Director
Administration

Assets Office

New Lines Planning Office

Policy Office

Locomotives & Rolling Stock
Office

Human Resources Office

Concession Office

Urban Rail Planning Office

International Cooperation Office

Track & Infrastructure Office

Administration Office

Safety Office

Budget & Accounting Office

Procurement & Project Appraisal Office

Training Office
Railway Development Plan of Cambodia
Course Presentation:

II.
II Costing and Pricing of Passenger Rail
Transport Service in Cambodian
“Passenger Focus Corporate Plan”
A seek to answer the Question
Still be in Private Vehicles & Bus Service?
or we need Train?
1. Costing
The Main Cost Elements are:
‐ Investment Cost for the Infrastructures and Rolling Stocks, and
‐ Operations Cost
The Operation of Passenger Train will also be given the existing 
Concessionaire (Toll Royal Rail), but with a new concession 
C
i
i (T ll R l R il) b t ith
i
agreement terms & conditions.
Then the cost will be structured by the Concessionaire, and for 
y
,
sure it will be an economic efficiency under private sector.
For the Costing Element it will not difficult to monitor.
But for Costing of passenger train service to an extend period of 
30 years we need to have a comprehensive survey on 
Demand and Forecast the Demand in a scientific manner. A 
Demand Forecast Model of JICA “Jicastarda Version 3.5 ” is the 
most practicable for developing country like Cambodia.
2. Pricing
Pricing of Rail Passenger Service has to be based on the 
willingness to pay of the passengers. 
illi
t
f th
The “Passenger Focus” Method is to be used for a 
comparative benchmarking provided by the Rail 
comparative benchmarking provided by the Rail
Passenger Survey (RPS) and the Bus Passenger 
Survey (BPS)
Survey (BPS)
In order to succeed Passenger Focus needs a number of things to 
be in place: 
p
• effective board leadership, governance and oversight 
• the resources to carry out this work to the necessary standard 
• capable, confident staff who want to work at Passenger Focus. 
2. Pricing, cont
The purpose is to provide/improve the quality of 
passengers’ experiences for driving efficiency and 

value for money 
The Strategic aims of Passenger Focus are: 
1. Understanding the needs of passengers
2. Making a difference for all passengers through long term 
industry planning 
industry planning
3. Working to improve the passenger experience 
4. Promoting good practice in complaints handling and providing 
4. Promoting good practice in complaints handling and providing
advice and advocacy 
5. Improving access to services for all passengers 
6. Increasing the influence of Passenger Focus through building 
trust
Strategic aim 1: understanding the needs of 
passengers 

• user’s priorities and satisfaction 
• smart ticketing
i k i
• regional passenger surveys (combining bus, 
rail and taxi) and the door to door journey 
experience. 
Strategic aim 2: making a difference for all passengers 
through long‐term industry planning 
th
hl
t
i d t
l
i
• this has led to useful work on performance, fares and ticketing
p
,
g
• improve the user focus of longer term rail, bus and major road 
planning. This will include the five year spending plans for 
major roads and rail, transparency and bus partnerships.
j
d
d il t
db
t
hi
III. How to make Cambodian Railway
Systems profitable?
The Answer is
The Answer is
COMMERCIALIZE RAILWAY BUSINESS
FROM THE STATE RAILWAY OPERATION 
O
S
O
O
TO A PRIVATE RAILWAY OPERATION 
ON A COMMERCIAL BASE
UNDER THE FORM OF PPP
UNDER THE FORM OF PPP
(PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTMERSHIP)
Railway Restructuring
The  Royal Government of Cambodia has privatized  the Operation of 
Cambodian Royal Railway and signed Concession Agreement for 30 
years with Toll Holding Group (an Australian Based Corporation) on 
12 June 2009.
12 J
2009

21
Railway Restructuring
Toll Royal Railway
-

-

In September 2010 The Toll Group and The Royal Group formed a
2010,
joint venture (TRR) to be responsible for the operation and
maintenance of Cambodian Railway under Concession Agreement.
g
p
TRR began train operations on the Section of the Southern line
from Phnom Penh to Touk Meas Station (Cement Factory) in the
length of 120 km on October 1, 2010.

ASSETS TRANSFER:
TRR has rehabilitated 10 French Alstom Locomotives, 2 Czech 
locomotives, and 2 Chinese locomotives currently available to meet 
operating requirements.
p
g q
Railway Restructuring
Toll Royal Railway
As wagons, TRR has now rehabilitated 12 ballast wagons, 25 high sided wagons 
g ,
g ,
g
g
and are in the process of rehabilitating 33 fuel container wagons and 140 flat top 
container wagons adding significant freight capacity to the network. It’s also 
including a numbers of passender coach for toursit operation.
All Stations and Depots (including railway lands) are Transferred and the 
All Stations and Depots (including railway lands) are Transferred and the
concessionaire has to rehabilitated and developed by their own cost.
Concessionare has to maintained and developed all railway infrastructures with 
by their own cost.
y
Toll Royal Railway Overview
Contact

David Kerr, CEO, david.kerr@tollgroup.com

Personnel

160 staffing including 2 ex Pats staffs with extensive international railway experience 

Service Offerings

Bagged cement rail freight between Phnom Penh and Touk Meas commenced October 2010,
containerized rail freight and bulk fuel deliveries Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville in mid 2013, 
and
containerized and bulk rail freight between Phnom Penh, Pursat, Battambang and Poipet and
Cambodia and Thailand planned for late 2013
Cambodia and Thailand planned for late 2013

Toll Royal Railway (TRR)
• Joint Venture between Toll and the Royal Group
• Concession is to Operate and Maintain for 30 year
• All documentation and Safety Management System

www.tollroyalrailway.com
Services of Toll Royal Railway
y
y
Current services
Bulk Fuel
Bulk Fuel
• TRR currently operates a bulk fuel train for Sokimex every second day and transport 1,200,000 
litres of fuel per train or 17,000,000 litres per month 
Cement
• TRR currently operates a bagged cement train service for SCG Trading two times every week 
moving 9,000 ton of cement per month 
Coal
• TRR currently operates a bulk coal train for SCG Trading every second day and transport 800 ton
TRR currently operates a bulk coal train for SCG Trading every second day and transport 800 ton 
of coal per train or 9,000 ton per month 
Containers
•

TRR has commenced a twice weekly container service to and from Phnom Penh and 
Sihanoukville

Warehousing
•

TRR has continued its warehousing of cement products and is now extending the warehousing 
of cement to the Phnom Penh Dry Port and has commenced the warehousing of agricultural 
product at the Phnom Penh Dry Port
Snapshot of Toll Royal Railway
p
y
y
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

A strong commitment to  30 Year Railway Concession
Accredited Safety Management System
ISO 9001, 2008 Accreditation as a Commercial Rail Operator
98Ha Freight Terminal and Warehouse development in Phnom Penh Sub‐urban
Development of Toll Royal Railway’s Phnom Penh Dry Port
Direct Port Access in Sihanoukville for bulk and container trains
Service Offerings:
– bagged cement rail freight between Phnom Penh and Touk Meas (Cement Factory) 
commenced in October 2010
– bagged salt from Kampot to Phnom Penh and bagged rice from Battambong to Phnom 
Penh by road and by train from Phnom Penh to Kampot September 2012 (The Service 
of Complete Solution for Cambodia’s Supply Chain Logistics)
of Complete Solution for Cambodia’s Supply Chain Logistics)
– bulk fuel deliveries from Sokimex oil facility to Phnom Penh March 2013
– containerised rail freight Sihanoukville and Phnom Penh July 2013
– containerised and bulk rail freight between Phnom Penh, Pursat, Battambang and 
t i i d d b lk il f i ht b t
Ph
P h P
t B tt b
d
Poipet and Cambodia and Thailand planned for 2014 once the line is rehabilitated
Toll Royal Railway  KPI s
Toll Royal Railway ‐ KPI’s
Toll Royal Railway has achieved the following over the past 4 years;
T ll R l R il
h
hi d th f ll i
th
t4
• Zero loss time injuries
• Zero medical treated injuries
Zero medical treated injuries
• Zero absenteeism
• Fuel burn 40% saving on budget
g
g
• Overtime less than 10%
• Uniform compliance 100%
• Positive drug tests 0
• Positive breath tests 1 (visitor non employee)
Toll Royal Railway – key points
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

12 locomotives are rehabilitated and fit for purpose
160 wagon are rehabilitated and fit for purpose
40 container flat wagons ordered from Malaysia in Q3 2013
75 container flat wagons under negotiation from Australia due Q1 2014
4 new locomotives and 100 wagons under negotiation with China (finalising specifications and 
ensuring co‐operability with Thailand)
Train Driver training to Australian Training Standards  competency assessments are implemented 
Train Driver training to Australian Training Standards – competency assessments are implemented
to Australian Total Quality Framework by an Australian Registered Training Authority
International Safety standards implemented, colour of rollingstock, risk assessments, locomotive 
headlight  and safety lighting standards have been implemented
Uniforms, colour, standards, Hi Visibility, PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), footwear 
U if
l
t d d Hi Vi ibilit PPE (P
l P t ti E i
t) f t
implemented 
ISO 9001, 2008 accreditation in Commercial Train Operations
International Medical Standards implemented
Drug, alcohol, fatigue testing implemented
Insurance renewed and up to date, Cargo Insurance A, B and C in place
IT Systems, GPS monitoring implemented on all locomotives and track equipment
Corporate Governance, compliance auditing, legal compliance, annual KPMG audits 
TRR is compliant with all relevant legislation. Prakas and Sub Decrees
TRR has complied with every element and all requirements of the Concession Agreement
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
Safety
 risk assessments have been conducted on the entire TRR business activities
i k
t h
b
d t d
th
ti TRR b i
ti iti
 locomotives and wagons have been painted yellow to reduce risk profiles at level crossings. 
Rollingstock is to American Railroad Association Standards
 TRR has achieved and maintained  zero employee injuries (LTI’s) for the past 46 months across 
track works, warehouse, office and administration, workshop and train operations
 all staff have been issued and comply with PPE, rail hi visibility safety compliant orange uniform 
and wet weather equipment
 all staff wear the Toll Royal Railway ID Card that includes their employee number and photo ID
all staff wear the Toll Royal Railway ID Card, that includes their employee number and photo ID
 staff are subject to and participate in random breath tests for blood alcohol content and 
participate in pre‐employment and show cause drug testing
 TRR has designed and contracted the manufacture of vigilance control units and have fitted them 
to all operational conceded locomotives, all equipment is fitted with GPS tracking
ll
l
d dl
ll
f d
h
k
 all changes to work systems or work practices are preceded with a change management process, 
risk assessment and are advised to the effected staff via a tool‐box talk
 developed a Contractor Manual and contractor packs are implemented with contractors
p
p
p
29
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
Commercial,











introduced the Toll Royal Railway website www.tollroyalrailway.com developed road, rail and 
warehousing cost models for current and proposed services
signed a contract with SCT (Cement Company) and commenced warehousing and PUD (VAS 
services up to 3,000T/week), significant new business in Rice exports, Garment exports, Coal 
imports, Fuel imports, Cassava exports, Corn exports
developed a customer list and used this as the basis for developing the TRR 5 year business, 
capex and financial model  
completed a preferred supplier list using local and international suppliers
completed a preferred supplier list using local and international suppliers
commenced the licensing of a number of conceded buildings, warehouses, offices
finalised Trading Terms and Conditions with Toll’s Corporate Legal Department
developed a commercial format for providing customer contracts and proposals
implemented the Toll formats for customer credit checks and legal, insurance and corporate 
governance and is working to implement these processes
commenced conducting post capex audits in order to ensure the costs, desired benefits and 
commercial matters have been achieved for the authorised expenditure 
commercial matters have been achieved for the authorised expenditure
30
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
Corporate Governance












5 year business plan has been prepared with The Royal Group and Toll
all business transactions are conducted in accordance with the Australian Corporations Act and 
Trade Practices Act and in the concept of total transparency
all staff are paid using electronic banking via ANZ Royal Bank
all invoicing and all payments are made via ANZ Royal Bank
all invoicing and all payments are made via ANZ Royal Bank
all condition precedent requirements have been complied with
CDC tax exemption has been completed and approved, this was renewed on the 30th June 2012 
with a six month extension  
designed, published and launched the TRR Web Site (including links to the JV partner 
businesses)
all staff undergo pre‐employment medical and drug tests
annual and periodic TAX audit by KPMG
annual and periodic TAX audit by KPMG
all staff trained in Fire Fighting and First Aid
all training is competency based to International standards

31
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
Operations, we have;









worked with all stakeholders and delivered the first train operations on time on the 01st 
October 2010 using Phase 1 track 
designed and developed a new safe working in 2013 the safety management and safe working 
system is based on the Australian National Code of Practice
introduced electronic satellite tracking of all of its owned locomotives, rail mounted track 
equipment and trolleys.
refurbished the train control center for monitoring the performance of all rail movements on 
the track on the southern corridor and trained its train controllers in safe‐working and track side 
the track on the southern corridor and trained its train controllers in safe‐working and track side
protection
corporate and HR policies that have been written and posted in all worksites in English and 
Khmer
designed, developed and written a new fully compliant Safety Management System in 
accordance with international best practice
restored 12 locomotives and 160 wagons, 1 x 25t crane, 1 x 70t crane, 1 x rail mounted 
excavator, I rail mounted P&H crane and numerous rail trolleys and 7 dresines (yellow 12 
person rail trolleys)
32
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
Operations – cont, we have;
 ensured that locomotive and wagon workshop have been made operational, workshop staff 
d h l
i
d
k h h
b
d
i
l
k h
ff
have been trained, equipment has been restored, electronic engines have been rewound, 
mechanical engines have been repaired, overhead cranes have been restored
 repaired and or rehabilitated a number of conceded buildings including refurbishment of the 
historic Phnom Penh railway station
 patrolling f the 6.5km from Phnom Penh to the Green Trade Warehouse, refurbished the Pursat 
and Battambong stations and maintained the 9.6 km of track Phnom Penh to Samrong junction
 restored all of the permanent way and track machinery and equipment
restored all of the permanent way and track machinery and equipment
 commenced the warehouse inventory sorting and cataloguing and will implement Tolls 
warehouse inventory system in due course
 constructed new railway lines along the wagon workshop and into the Cement Warehouse, the 
conceded asset register will be amended to reflect the new warehouse and the demolition of 
d d
t
i t
ill b
d dt
fl t th
h
d th d
liti
f
the former kings coach warehouse
 refurbished the former CWT Dry Port and the associated warehousing and offices and the 
terminal hardstand, the reach stacker and empty container handler and warehouses

33
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
The Question has been asked, “what has TRR done with the Conceded Asset”?
Toll Royal Railway Safety and 
Training

Safety is Our No. 1 Priority

Staff are all in uniform

Training is ongoing
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
ISO 9001, 2008
 TRR bt i d ISO 9001 2008
TRR obtained ISO 9001, 2008 accreditation in October 2010 and have registered for ISO 9001, 
dit ti i O t b 2010 d h
i t d f ISO 9001
2010
 TRR have undergone four full ISO 9001, 2008 compliance audit and no non–compliances or non‐
conformances were identified
 TRR prepared all documentation, human resource filing, medicals and training now comply with 
ISO 9001, TRR’s entire SMS is being aligned to ISO principals including contractor management 
and procurement
 TRR developed a safety interface agreement with the Railway Department that has been 
p
y
g
y p
amended to comply with ISO standards and converted to Khmer and will be resubmitted to the 
Minister for approval
 An International Railway Training Organisation is training TRR and Railway Department 
employees in International Railway Safe Working Standards
employees in International Railway Safe Working Standards
 ISO 9001, 2008 training for TRR and Railway Department staff in December 2012
 Full ISO 9001, 2010 audit planned for September 2013

57
Toll Royal Railway 
Toll Royal Railway – Achievements
Training
 all staff have been trained in HIV/AIDS awareness
 all staff have been trained in personal budgeting and personal financing
 all staff have been trained in Fire Fighting. Fire extinguishers are provided in all 
vehicles, workshops and offices/administration buildings 
 selected staff (50% of employees) have been trained in First Aid training. First aid kits 
are provided in all vehicles, workshops and offices/administration building
 all  staff are being trained and competency assessed to International training and 
ll
ff
b i
i d d
d I
i
l i i
d
assessment standards based on the Australian TQF standards
 Selected staff are being trained as ISO 9001 auditors

58
THANK YOU !

Angkor Wat viewed from across the moat
Training Program
of
Bay of Bengal Initiative for
Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC)

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Presentation of Cambodian Railway Development & on Costing and Pricing of Rail Services

  • 1. KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT Railway Department  COUNTRY REPORT AND THE RAILWAY  DEVELOPMENT IN CAMBODIA & COURSE PRESENTATION on “Costing & Pricing of Rail Transport Service” Presented by Mr. Sok‐Tharath CHREUNG Deputy Director of Railway Department Date February 2014 Date February 2014 Organized by AITD & NAIR 3‐15 February 2914, Vadodara, INDIA 
  • 2. Contents I. Country Report and the Railway Development in Cambodia Course Presentation: II. Cost and Pricing of a Train Passenger Service in Cambodian: Train? still Bus? III. How to make Cambodian Railway Systems profitable?
  • 3. I. CAMBODIA’s Country Profile 15.26 millions (2012)** Annual Population Growth 1.5 per cent (2010-2012) Urban Population 20 % GDP Growth 7.2 % (2012) GDP per capita p p US$ 934 ( $ (2012)** ) Currency Riel but US$ is widely used Major Ports Member State of ASEAN in Apr 1999 Member State of ASEAN in Apr 1999 181,035 sq km (just about the same size of Gujarat State of India) India)* Population Capital City: Phnom Penh Land Area Sihanoukville Port and Phnom Penh Port Length of Roads (National, Provincial & Rural) 45,256.03 km (2012) Length of Railroad Length of Asian Highway Route in Cambodia 1,486.8 km (AH1, AH11 & AH123) Number of Vehicle * Gujarat State’s Area: 196,204 Km2  652 km (connected with Thailand and seaport) *Missing link with VN & Laos 1,761,415 vehicles (2012) **Source: IMF 3
  • 4. Cambodia’s Railway Networks 1. Northern line, consists of 386 km - Phnom Penh to Poipet (Thai Border) - Si l Track Meter gauge 1000mm Single T k M t 1000 - Constructed since 1929 (during French Colonial Era) and finished in 1942 using steel sleepers (are replaced by concrete sleeper) bold rigid and used P 30 of rail support for 15 tons axle load (will be upgraded to 20 tons axle load). It consists of 49 Stations. Stations (still under rehabilitation). 2. Southern line, consists of 266 km - Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville Port - Single Track Meter gauge 1000mm - Constructed since 1960 (After Independent from French) and finished in 1969; using concrete sleepers and P 43 of rail support for 20 tons axle load. it consists of 29 Stations. ( (rehabilitation completed in 2011) p ) These rehabilitated projects cost US$142 Millions and are financed by ADB (60%), AusAid (15%) & RGC (15%).
  • 5. Summary of Cambodia’s Road Networks Length, Km Road Classification under MPWT NR, 1 digit 2 262 77 2,262.77 NR, 2 digit 3,360.30 NR, 1 digit , g NR, 2 digit PR, 3 & 4 digit Total Road Class Provinci al Road Rural Road Total Road Classification Length, Km 2,262.77 , 3,360.30 6,627.96 12,231.78 45,256.03 - Road Density is about 249.87 Km/1000 km2 NR ,1 digit 18.34% 18.34 27.47 54.19 100 PR, 3 & 4 digit PR di i 54.19% 6,627.96 33,005.00 Length, (%) NR , 2 digit di i 27.47% Road Pavement type under MPWT Road Pavement Type Portland Cement Concrete, PCC Asphalt Concrete, AC Double Bituminous Surface Treatment, DBST Laterite Earth Road Total Length, Km Length, (%) 23.02 0.19 934.5 7.64 4,756.68 38.89 5,189.65 42.43 1,327.93 10.85 12,231.78 100 5
  • 8. Status of Asian Highways in Cambodia Route No Route No. Total Length  g (Km) ASEAN Highways ASEAN Highways AH 1 Poi Pet – Sisophon ‐ Phnom Penh ‐ Bavet AH 11 Sihanoukville ‐ Phnom Penh ‐Kampong Cham ‐ Stung Treng  Trapeangkreal Stung Treng ‐Trapeangkreal 762.8 AH 123 Cham Yeam ‐ Koh Kong ‐ Phum Daung Bridge ‐ Sre Ambel ‐Chamkar Luong 151 573.0 Total Length  Total Length (Km) 1,486.80 1 486 80 8
  • 9. Major Ports and Airports in Cambodia Cambodia has 02 autonomous ports, - Provincial authorities have 02 coastal ports and seven river ports, - Private enterprises owned have 03 coastal ports, and l d - District authorities have 42 ports. Siem Reap International Airport Phnom Penh International Airport Cambodia has 02 International Airports, Airports -- Phnom Penh International Airport and Siem Reap International Airport. Sihanoukville Autonomous Port (Sea Port) Phnom Penh Autonomous Port (River Port) 9
  • 10. The Chronicle of Cambodian Railway 1. French Colonial Era (1863-1953): The First Construction of Cambodian Railway in 19291942 of the Northern Line for 386 km (from Phnom Penh to Thai Border). 2. Independent Era (King Sihanouk, 1953-1970): The 2nd Construction of Cambodian Railway in 1960-1969 of the Southern Line for 264 km (from Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville Port) for the purpose of buster international trade. 3. The 1st Civil War (American-Vietnam War:1970-1975): The first wave of destruction of Cambodian Railway. Both lines were frequently blew up sections by sections; all trains operation were almost completely ceased. 4. The Communist Regime (Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979): Both lines were rehabilitated (a major mode of transport), but train operations’ capacity were very low due to close economies. 5. The 2nd Civil War (1979-1991): Both lines were again frequently destructed but trains were still operated on daily/or weekly basis after sectional repairs. 6. The Collapse of Cambodia Royal Railway (1991-2006): The interruption of continuing civil wars with very poor maintenance of both tracks and trains led to transport services by rail sharply drop and until 2006 all trains transport service were completely shutdown. However, another reason of shutdown was the RGC stop providing subsidies. 7. The Restructuring of Cambodia Royal Railway (2006-2010): ADB started to finance the track works reconstruction of both lines (18 Feb 2008), and The State run company of Cambodia Royal Railway were dissolved on 1st Oct 2009 and all asset are conceded to an Australian private corporation (Toll Royal Railway) under 30 years Concession Agreement for Freight Service. Then the Cambodian Railways are revitalized (re-operated) in October 1st, 2010. Also The Railway Department were established on Oct 1st 2009 to oversee the Concessionaire and other railway development projects projects. 8. Cambodia Railway Networks Master Plan has been developed in a comprehensive manner for Short, Medium and Long Term Development for the next 25 years.
  • 11. The Institution: Railway Department, under the Ministry of Public Works and Transport The Royal Government of Cambodia established Railway Department directly under Ministry of Public Works and Transport by sub decreed No. 163 dated 01 October 2009. The Railway Department and Concession Management Committee (CMC) are the authorities who oversees the railway concession agreement, railway reconstruction projects and become the f l point f other railway i j db h focal i for h il developments in Cambodia. Total Number of Staffs: 300 persons Management Staffs : 6 persons (1 Director & 5 Deputies) Engineer & Other Professional Staffs : 60 persons Technicians : 100 persons Skill Workers/Clerks : 140 persons p Address Railway Department : # 163 Russian Federation Blvd, Sangkat Srach Chak, Khan Daun Penh,Phnom Chak, Penh, C b di (Opposite of the C P h Cambodia. (O i f h Council Mi i il Ministers) ) Phone : +855 (011) 45 68 78 Fax : +855 (023) 42 61 40 E mail: tharath@gmail com
  • 12. I- General Information Organization Structure Chart of Railway Department g y p DIRECTOR Secretariat Deputy Director Concession Relations Deputy Director Development Legal Office Deputy Director Policy & International Cooperation Deputy Director Inspections Deputy Director Administration Assets Office New Lines Planning Office Policy Office Locomotives & Rolling Stock Office Human Resources Office Concession Office Urban Rail Planning Office International Cooperation Office Track & Infrastructure Office Administration Office Safety Office Budget & Accounting Office Procurement & Project Appraisal Office Training Office
  • 14. Course Presentation: II. II Costing and Pricing of Passenger Rail Transport Service in Cambodian “Passenger Focus Corporate Plan” A seek to answer the Question Still be in Private Vehicles & Bus Service? or we need Train?
  • 15. 1. Costing The Main Cost Elements are: ‐ Investment Cost for the Infrastructures and Rolling Stocks, and ‐ Operations Cost The Operation of Passenger Train will also be given the existing  Concessionaire (Toll Royal Rail), but with a new concession  C i i (T ll R l R il) b t ith i agreement terms & conditions. Then the cost will be structured by the Concessionaire, and for  y , sure it will be an economic efficiency under private sector. For the Costing Element it will not difficult to monitor. But for Costing of passenger train service to an extend period of  30 years we need to have a comprehensive survey on  Demand and Forecast the Demand in a scientific manner. A  Demand Forecast Model of JICA “Jicastarda Version 3.5 ” is the  most practicable for developing country like Cambodia.
  • 16. 2. Pricing Pricing of Rail Passenger Service has to be based on the  willingness to pay of the passengers.  illi t f th The “Passenger Focus” Method is to be used for a  comparative benchmarking provided by the Rail  comparative benchmarking provided by the Rail Passenger Survey (RPS) and the Bus Passenger  Survey (BPS) Survey (BPS) In order to succeed Passenger Focus needs a number of things to  be in place:  p • effective board leadership, governance and oversight  • the resources to carry out this work to the necessary standard  • capable, confident staff who want to work at Passenger Focus. 
  • 18. Strategic aim 1: understanding the needs of  passengers  • user’s priorities and satisfaction  • smart ticketing i k i • regional passenger surveys (combining bus,  rail and taxi) and the door to door journey  experience. 
  • 19. Strategic aim 2: making a difference for all passengers  through long‐term industry planning  th hl t i d t l i • this has led to useful work on performance, fares and ticketing p , g • improve the user focus of longer term rail, bus and major road  planning. This will include the five year spending plans for  major roads and rail, transparency and bus partnerships. j d d il t db t hi
  • 20. III. How to make Cambodian Railway Systems profitable? The Answer is The Answer is COMMERCIALIZE RAILWAY BUSINESS FROM THE STATE RAILWAY OPERATION  O S O O TO A PRIVATE RAILWAY OPERATION  ON A COMMERCIAL BASE UNDER THE FORM OF PPP UNDER THE FORM OF PPP (PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTMERSHIP)
  • 22. Railway Restructuring Toll Royal Railway - - In September 2010 The Toll Group and The Royal Group formed a 2010, joint venture (TRR) to be responsible for the operation and maintenance of Cambodian Railway under Concession Agreement. g p TRR began train operations on the Section of the Southern line from Phnom Penh to Touk Meas Station (Cement Factory) in the length of 120 km on October 1, 2010. ASSETS TRANSFER: TRR has rehabilitated 10 French Alstom Locomotives, 2 Czech  locomotives, and 2 Chinese locomotives currently available to meet  operating requirements. p g q
  • 23. Railway Restructuring Toll Royal Railway As wagons, TRR has now rehabilitated 12 ballast wagons, 25 high sided wagons  g , g , g g and are in the process of rehabilitating 33 fuel container wagons and 140 flat top  container wagons adding significant freight capacity to the network. It’s also  including a numbers of passender coach for toursit operation. All Stations and Depots (including railway lands) are Transferred and the  All Stations and Depots (including railway lands) are Transferred and the concessionaire has to rehabilitated and developed by their own cost. Concessionare has to maintained and developed all railway infrastructures with  by their own cost. y
  • 24. Toll Royal Railway Overview Contact David Kerr, CEO, david.kerr@tollgroup.com Personnel 160 staffing including 2 ex Pats staffs with extensive international railway experience  Service Offerings Bagged cement rail freight between Phnom Penh and Touk Meas commenced October 2010, containerized rail freight and bulk fuel deliveries Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville in mid 2013,  and containerized and bulk rail freight between Phnom Penh, Pursat, Battambang and Poipet and Cambodia and Thailand planned for late 2013 Cambodia and Thailand planned for late 2013 Toll Royal Railway (TRR) • Joint Venture between Toll and the Royal Group • Concession is to Operate and Maintain for 30 year • All documentation and Safety Management System www.tollroyalrailway.com
  • 25. Services of Toll Royal Railway y y Current services Bulk Fuel Bulk Fuel • TRR currently operates a bulk fuel train for Sokimex every second day and transport 1,200,000  litres of fuel per train or 17,000,000 litres per month  Cement • TRR currently operates a bagged cement train service for SCG Trading two times every week  moving 9,000 ton of cement per month  Coal • TRR currently operates a bulk coal train for SCG Trading every second day and transport 800 ton TRR currently operates a bulk coal train for SCG Trading every second day and transport 800 ton  of coal per train or 9,000 ton per month  Containers • TRR has commenced a twice weekly container service to and from Phnom Penh and  Sihanoukville Warehousing • TRR has continued its warehousing of cement products and is now extending the warehousing  of cement to the Phnom Penh Dry Port and has commenced the warehousing of agricultural  product at the Phnom Penh Dry Port
  • 26. Snapshot of Toll Royal Railway p y y • • • • • • • A strong commitment to  30 Year Railway Concession Accredited Safety Management System ISO 9001, 2008 Accreditation as a Commercial Rail Operator 98Ha Freight Terminal and Warehouse development in Phnom Penh Sub‐urban Development of Toll Royal Railway’s Phnom Penh Dry Port Direct Port Access in Sihanoukville for bulk and container trains Service Offerings: – bagged cement rail freight between Phnom Penh and Touk Meas (Cement Factory)  commenced in October 2010 – bagged salt from Kampot to Phnom Penh and bagged rice from Battambong to Phnom  Penh by road and by train from Phnom Penh to Kampot September 2012 (The Service  of Complete Solution for Cambodia’s Supply Chain Logistics) of Complete Solution for Cambodia’s Supply Chain Logistics) – bulk fuel deliveries from Sokimex oil facility to Phnom Penh March 2013 – containerised rail freight Sihanoukville and Phnom Penh July 2013 – containerised and bulk rail freight between Phnom Penh, Pursat, Battambang and  t i i d d b lk il f i ht b t Ph P h P t B tt b d Poipet and Cambodia and Thailand planned for 2014 once the line is rehabilitated
  • 27. Toll Royal Railway  KPI s Toll Royal Railway ‐ KPI’s Toll Royal Railway has achieved the following over the past 4 years; T ll R l R il h hi d th f ll i th t4 • Zero loss time injuries • Zero medical treated injuries Zero medical treated injuries • Zero absenteeism • Fuel burn 40% saving on budget g g • Overtime less than 10% • Uniform compliance 100% • Positive drug tests 0 • Positive breath tests 1 (visitor non employee)
  • 28. Toll Royal Railway – key points • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 locomotives are rehabilitated and fit for purpose 160 wagon are rehabilitated and fit for purpose 40 container flat wagons ordered from Malaysia in Q3 2013 75 container flat wagons under negotiation from Australia due Q1 2014 4 new locomotives and 100 wagons under negotiation with China (finalising specifications and  ensuring co‐operability with Thailand) Train Driver training to Australian Training Standards  competency assessments are implemented  Train Driver training to Australian Training Standards – competency assessments are implemented to Australian Total Quality Framework by an Australian Registered Training Authority International Safety standards implemented, colour of rollingstock, risk assessments, locomotive  headlight  and safety lighting standards have been implemented Uniforms, colour, standards, Hi Visibility, PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), footwear  U if l t d d Hi Vi ibilit PPE (P l P t ti E i t) f t implemented  ISO 9001, 2008 accreditation in Commercial Train Operations International Medical Standards implemented Drug, alcohol, fatigue testing implemented Insurance renewed and up to date, Cargo Insurance A, B and C in place IT Systems, GPS monitoring implemented on all locomotives and track equipment Corporate Governance, compliance auditing, legal compliance, annual KPMG audits  TRR is compliant with all relevant legislation. Prakas and Sub Decrees TRR has complied with every element and all requirements of the Concession Agreement
  • 29. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements Safety  risk assessments have been conducted on the entire TRR business activities i k t h b d t d th ti TRR b i ti iti  locomotives and wagons have been painted yellow to reduce risk profiles at level crossings.  Rollingstock is to American Railroad Association Standards  TRR has achieved and maintained  zero employee injuries (LTI’s) for the past 46 months across  track works, warehouse, office and administration, workshop and train operations  all staff have been issued and comply with PPE, rail hi visibility safety compliant orange uniform  and wet weather equipment  all staff wear the Toll Royal Railway ID Card that includes their employee number and photo ID all staff wear the Toll Royal Railway ID Card, that includes their employee number and photo ID  staff are subject to and participate in random breath tests for blood alcohol content and  participate in pre‐employment and show cause drug testing  TRR has designed and contracted the manufacture of vigilance control units and have fitted them  to all operational conceded locomotives, all equipment is fitted with GPS tracking ll l d dl ll f d h k  all changes to work systems or work practices are preceded with a change management process,  risk assessment and are advised to the effected staff via a tool‐box talk  developed a Contractor Manual and contractor packs are implemented with contractors p p p 29
  • 30. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements Commercial,          introduced the Toll Royal Railway website www.tollroyalrailway.com developed road, rail and  warehousing cost models for current and proposed services signed a contract with SCT (Cement Company) and commenced warehousing and PUD (VAS  services up to 3,000T/week), significant new business in Rice exports, Garment exports, Coal  imports, Fuel imports, Cassava exports, Corn exports developed a customer list and used this as the basis for developing the TRR 5 year business,  capex and financial model   completed a preferred supplier list using local and international suppliers completed a preferred supplier list using local and international suppliers commenced the licensing of a number of conceded buildings, warehouses, offices finalised Trading Terms and Conditions with Toll’s Corporate Legal Department developed a commercial format for providing customer contracts and proposals implemented the Toll formats for customer credit checks and legal, insurance and corporate  governance and is working to implement these processes commenced conducting post capex audits in order to ensure the costs, desired benefits and  commercial matters have been achieved for the authorised expenditure  commercial matters have been achieved for the authorised expenditure 30
  • 31. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements Corporate Governance            5 year business plan has been prepared with The Royal Group and Toll all business transactions are conducted in accordance with the Australian Corporations Act and  Trade Practices Act and in the concept of total transparency all staff are paid using electronic banking via ANZ Royal Bank all invoicing and all payments are made via ANZ Royal Bank all invoicing and all payments are made via ANZ Royal Bank all condition precedent requirements have been complied with CDC tax exemption has been completed and approved, this was renewed on the 30th June 2012  with a six month extension   designed, published and launched the TRR Web Site (including links to the JV partner  businesses) all staff undergo pre‐employment medical and drug tests annual and periodic TAX audit by KPMG annual and periodic TAX audit by KPMG all staff trained in Fire Fighting and First Aid all training is competency based to International standards 31
  • 32. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements Operations, we have;        worked with all stakeholders and delivered the first train operations on time on the 01st  October 2010 using Phase 1 track  designed and developed a new safe working in 2013 the safety management and safe working  system is based on the Australian National Code of Practice introduced electronic satellite tracking of all of its owned locomotives, rail mounted track  equipment and trolleys. refurbished the train control center for monitoring the performance of all rail movements on  the track on the southern corridor and trained its train controllers in safe‐working and track side  the track on the southern corridor and trained its train controllers in safe‐working and track side protection corporate and HR policies that have been written and posted in all worksites in English and  Khmer designed, developed and written a new fully compliant Safety Management System in  accordance with international best practice restored 12 locomotives and 160 wagons, 1 x 25t crane, 1 x 70t crane, 1 x rail mounted  excavator, I rail mounted P&H crane and numerous rail trolleys and 7 dresines (yellow 12  person rail trolleys) 32
  • 33. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements Operations – cont, we have;  ensured that locomotive and wagon workshop have been made operational, workshop staff  d h l i d k h h b d i l k h ff have been trained, equipment has been restored, electronic engines have been rewound,  mechanical engines have been repaired, overhead cranes have been restored  repaired and or rehabilitated a number of conceded buildings including refurbishment of the  historic Phnom Penh railway station  patrolling f the 6.5km from Phnom Penh to the Green Trade Warehouse, refurbished the Pursat  and Battambong stations and maintained the 9.6 km of track Phnom Penh to Samrong junction  restored all of the permanent way and track machinery and equipment restored all of the permanent way and track machinery and equipment  commenced the warehouse inventory sorting and cataloguing and will implement Tolls  warehouse inventory system in due course  constructed new railway lines along the wagon workshop and into the Cement Warehouse, the  conceded asset register will be amended to reflect the new warehouse and the demolition of  d d t i t ill b d dt fl t th h d th d liti f the former kings coach warehouse  refurbished the former CWT Dry Port and the associated warehousing and offices and the  terminal hardstand, the reach stacker and empty container handler and warehouses 33
  • 36. Toll Royal Railway Safety and  Training Safety is Our No. 1 Priority Staff are all in uniform Training is ongoing
  • 57. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements ISO 9001, 2008  TRR bt i d ISO 9001 2008 TRR obtained ISO 9001, 2008 accreditation in October 2010 and have registered for ISO 9001,  dit ti i O t b 2010 d h i t d f ISO 9001 2010  TRR have undergone four full ISO 9001, 2008 compliance audit and no non–compliances or non‐ conformances were identified  TRR prepared all documentation, human resource filing, medicals and training now comply with  ISO 9001, TRR’s entire SMS is being aligned to ISO principals including contractor management  and procurement  TRR developed a safety interface agreement with the Railway Department that has been  p y g y p amended to comply with ISO standards and converted to Khmer and will be resubmitted to the  Minister for approval  An International Railway Training Organisation is training TRR and Railway Department  employees in International Railway Safe Working Standards employees in International Railway Safe Working Standards  ISO 9001, 2008 training for TRR and Railway Department staff in December 2012  Full ISO 9001, 2010 audit planned for September 2013 57
  • 58. Toll Royal Railway  Toll Royal Railway – Achievements Training  all staff have been trained in HIV/AIDS awareness  all staff have been trained in personal budgeting and personal financing  all staff have been trained in Fire Fighting. Fire extinguishers are provided in all  vehicles, workshops and offices/administration buildings   selected staff (50% of employees) have been trained in First Aid training. First aid kits  are provided in all vehicles, workshops and offices/administration building  all  staff are being trained and competency assessed to International training and  ll ff b i i d d d I i l i i d assessment standards based on the Australian TQF standards  Selected staff are being trained as ISO 9001 auditors 58
  • 59. THANK YOU ! Angkor Wat viewed from across the moat Training Program of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)