Spark Streaming has supported Kafka since it’s inception, but a lot has changed since those times, both in Spark and Kafka sides, to make this integration more fault-tolerant and reliable.Apache Kafka 0.10 (actually since 0.9) introduced the new Consumer API, built on top of a new group coordination protocol provided by Kafka itself. So a new Spark Streaming integration comes to the playground, with a similar design to the 0.8 Direct DStream approach. However, there are notable differences in usage, and many exciting new features. In this talk, we will cover what are the main differences between this new integration and the previous one (for Kafka 0.8), and why Direct DStreams have replaced Receivers for good. We will also see how to achieve different semantics (at least one, at most one, exactly once) with code examples. Finally, we will briefly introduce the usage of this integration in Billy Mobile to ingest and process the continuous stream of events from our AdNetwork.

1. Joan Viladrosa, Billy Mobile
Apache Spark Streaming
+ Kafka 0.10: An Integration Story
#EUstr5

2. About me
Joan Viladrosa Riera
@joanvr
joanviladrosa
joan.viladrosa@billymob.com
2#EUstr5
Degree In Computer Science
Advanced Programming Techniques &
System Interfaces and Integration
Co-Founder, Educabits
Educational Big data solutions
using AWS cloud
Big Data Developer, Trovit
Hadoop and MapReduce Framework
SEM keywords optimization
Big Data Architect & Tech Lead
BillyMobile
Full architecture with Hadoop:
Kafka, Storm, Hive, HBase, Spark, Druid, …

3. Apache Kafka
#EUstr5

4. What is
Apache
Kafka?
- Publish - Subscribe
Message System
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5. What is
Apache
Kafka?
- Publish - Subscribe
Message System
- Fast
- Scalable
- Durable
- Fault-tolerant
What makes it great?
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6. What is Apache Kafka?
As a central point
Producer Producer Producer Producer
Kafka
Consumer Consumer Consumer Consumer
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7. What is Apache Kafka?
A lot of different connectors
Apache
Storm
Apache
Spark
My Java App Logger
Kafka
Apache
Storm
Apache
Spark
My Java App
Monitoring
Tool
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8. Kafka
Terminology
Topic: A feed of messages
Producer: Processes that publish
messages to a topic
Consumer: Processes that
subscribe to topics and process the
feed of published messages
Broker: Each server of a kafka
cluster that holds, receives and
sends the actual data
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9. Kafka Topic Partitions
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Partition 0
Partition 1
Partition 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
Topic:
Old New
writes
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10. Kafka Topic Partitions
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Partition 0 7 8 9
Old New
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
Producer
writes
Consumer A
(offset=6)
Consumer B
(offset=12)
reads reads
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11. Kafka Topic Partitions
0 1 2 3 4 5 6P0
P1
P2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6P3
P4
P5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6P6
P7
P8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
Broker 1 Broker 2 Broker 3
Consumers &
Producers
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12. Kafka Topic Partitions
0 1 2 3 4 5 6P0
P1
P2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6P3
P4
P5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6P6
P7
P8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8
Broker 1 Broker 2 Broker 3
Consumers &
Producers
More
Storage
More
Parallelism
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13. Kafka Semantics
In short: consumer
delivery semantics are
up to you, not Kafka
- Kafka doesn’t store the
state of the consumers*
- It just sends you what
you ask for (topic,
partition, offset, length)
- You have to take care of
your state
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14. Apache Kafka Timeline
may-2016nov-2015nov-2013nov-2012
New
Producer
New
Consumer
Security
Kafka Streams
Apache
Incubator
Project
0.7 0.8 0.9 0.10
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15. Apache
Spark Streaming
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16. - Process streams of data
- Micro-batching approach
What is
Apache
Spark
Streaming?
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17. - Process streams of data
- Micro-batching approach
- Same API as Spark
- Same integrations as Spark
- Same guarantees &
semantics as Spark
What makes it great?
What is
Apache
Spark
Streaming?
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18. What is Apache Spark Streaming?
Relying on the same Spark Engine: “same syntax” as batch jobs
https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/streaming-programming-guide.html 18

19. How does it work?
- Discretized Streams
https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/streaming-programming-guide.html 19

20. How does it work?
- Discretized Streams
https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/streaming-programming-guide.html 20

21. How does it work?
21https://databricks.com/blog/2015/07/30/diving-into-apache-spark-streamings-execution-model.html

22. How does it work?
22https://databricks.com/blog/2015/07/30/diving-into-apache-spark-streamings-execution-model.html

23. Spark
Streaming
Semantics
As in Spark:
- Not guarantee exactly-once
semantics for output actions
- Any side-effecting output
operations may be repeated
- Because of node failure, process
failure, etc.
So, be careful when outputting to
external sources
Side effects
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24. Spark Streaming Kafka
Integration
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25. Spark Streaming Kafka Integration Timeline
dec-2016jul-2016jan-2016sep-2015jun-2015mar-2015dec-2014sep-2014
Fault Tolerant
WAL
+
Python API
Direct
Streams
+
Python API
Improved
Streaming UI
Metadata in
UI (offsets)
+
Graduated
Direct
Receivers Native Kafka
0.10
(experimental)
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.1
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26. Kafka Receiver (≤ Spark 1.1)
Executor
Driver
Launch jobs
on data
Continuously receive
data using
High Level API
Update offsets in
ZooKeeper
Receiver
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27. Kafka Receiver with WAL (Spark 1.2)
HDFS
Executor
Driver
Launch jobs
on data
Continuously receive
data using
High Level API
Update offsets in
ZooKeeper
WAL
Receiver
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28. Application
Driver
Executor
Spark
Context
Jobs
Computation
checkpointed
Receiver
Input
stream
Block
metadata
Block
metadata
written
to log
Block data
written both
memory + log
Streaming
Context
Kafka Receiver with WAL (Spark 1.2)
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29. Kafka Receiver with WAL (Spark 1.2)
Restarted Driver Restarted
Executor
Restarted
Spark
Context
Relaunch
Jobs
Restart
computation
from info in
checkpoints Restarted
Receiver
Resend
unacked data
Recover
Block
metadata
from log
Recover Block
data from log
Restarted
Streaming
Context
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30. Kafka Receiver with WAL (Spark 1.2)
HDFS
Executor
Driver
Launch jobs
on data
Continuously receive
data using
High Level API
Update offsets in
ZooKeeper
WAL
Receiver
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31. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
Driver
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32. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
Driver 1. Query latest offsets
and decide offset ranges
for batch
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33. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
1. Query latest offsets
and decide offset ranges
for batch
2. Launch jobs
using offset
ranges
Driver
topic1, p1,
(2000, 2100)
topic1, p2,
(2010, 2110)
topic1, p3,
(2002, 2102)
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34. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
1. Query latest offsets
and decide offset ranges
for batch
2. Launch jobs
using offset
ranges
Driver
topic1, p1,
(2000, 2100)
topic1, p2,
(2010, 2110)
topic1, p3,
(2002, 2102)
3. Reads data using
offset ranges in jobs
using Simple API
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35. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
Driver
2. Launch jobs
using offset
ranges
3. Reads data using
offset ranges in jobs
using Simple API
1. Query latest offsets
and decide offset ranges
for batchtopic1, p1,
(2000, 2100)
topic1, p2,
(2010, 2110)
topic1, p3,
(2002, 2102)
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36. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
Driver
2. Launch jobs
using offset
ranges
3. Reads data using
offset ranges in jobs
using Simple API
1. Query latest offsets
and decide offset ranges
for batchtopic1, p1,
(2000, 2100)
topic1, p2,
(2010, 2110)
topic1, p3,
(2002, 2102)
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37. Direct Kafka Integration w/o Receivers or WALs
(Spark 1.3)
Executor
Driver
2. Launch jobs
using offset
ranges
3. Reads data using
offset ranges in jobs
using Simple API
1. Query latest offsets
and decide offset ranges
for batch
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38. Direct Kafka
API benefits
- No WALs or Receivers
- Allows end-to-end
exactly-once semantics
pipelines *
* updates to downstream systems should be
idempotent or transactional
- More fault-tolerant
- More efficient
- Easier to use.
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39. Spark Streaming UI improvements (Spark 1.4) 39

40. Kafka Metadata (offsets) in UI (Spark 1.5) 40

41. What about Spark 2.0+ and
new Kafka Integration?
This is why we are here, right?
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42. Spark 2.0+ new Kafka Integration
spark-streaming-kafka-0-8 spark-streaming-kafka-0-10
Broker Version 0.8.2.1 or higher 0.10.0 or higher
Api Stability Stable Experimental
Language Support Scala, Java, Python Scala, Java
Receiver DStream Yes No
Direct DStream Yes Yes
SSL / TLS Support No Yes
Offset Commit Api No Yes
Dynamic Topic Subscription No Yes
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43. What’s really
New with this
New Kafka
Integration?
- New Consumer API
* Instead of Simple API
- Location Strategies
- Consumer Strategies
- SSL / TLS
- No Python API :(
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44. Location Strategies
- New consumer API will pre-fetch messages into buffers
- So, keep cached consumers into executors
- It’s better to schedule partitions on the host with
appropriate consumers
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45. Location Strategies
- PreferConsistent
Distribute partitions evenly across available executors
- PreferBrokers
If your executors are on the same hosts as your Kafka brokers
- PreferFixed
Specify an explicit mapping of partitions to hosts
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46. Consumer Strategies
- New consumer API has a number of different
ways to specify topics, some of which require
considerable post-object-instantiation setup.
- ConsumerStrategies provides an abstraction
that allows Spark to obtain properly configured
consumers even after restart from checkpoint.
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47. Consumer Strategies
- Subscribe subscribe to a fixed collection of topics
- SubscribePattern use a regex to specify topics of
interest
- Assign specify a fixed collection of partitions
● Overloaded constructors to specify the starting offset
for a particular partition.
● ConsumerStrategy is a public class that you can extend.
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48. SSL/TTL encryption
- New consumer API supports SSL
- Only applies to communication between Spark
and Kafka brokers
- Still responsible for separately securing Spark
inter-node communication
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49. How to use
New Kafka
Integration on
Spark 2.0+
Scala Example Code
Basic usage
val kafkaParams = Map[String, Object](
"bootstrap.servers" -> "broker01:9092,broker02:9092",
"key.deserializer" -> classOf[StringDeserializer],
"value.deserializer" -> classOf[StringDeserializer],
"group.id" -> "stream_group_id",
"auto.offset.reset" -> "latest",
"enable.auto.commit" -> (false: java.lang.Boolean)
)
val topics = Array("topicA", "topicB")
val stream = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream[String, String](
streamingContext,
PreferConsistent,
Subscribe[String, String](topics, kafkaParams)
)
stream.map(record => (record.key, record.value))
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50. How to use
New Kafka
Integration on
Spark 2.0+
Java Example Code
Getting metadata
stream.foreachRDD { rdd =>
val offsetRanges = rdd.asInstanceOf[HasOffsetRanges]
.offsetRanges
rdd.foreachPartition { iter =>
val osr: OffsetRange = offsetRanges(
TaskContext.get.partitionId)
// get any needed data from the offset range
val topic = osr.topic
val kafkaPartitionId = osr.partition
val begin = osr.fromOffset
val end = osr.untilOffset
}
}
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51. RDDTopic
Kafka or Spark RDD Partitions?
Kafka Spark
51
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

52. RDDTopic
Kafka or Spark RDD Partitions?
Kafka Spark
52
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

53. How to use
New Kafka
Integration on
Spark 2.0+
Java Example Code
Getting metadata
stream.foreachRDD { rdd =>
val offsetRanges = rdd.asInstanceOf[HasOffsetRanges]
.offsetRanges
rdd.foreachPartition { iter =>
val osr: OffsetRange = offsetRanges(
TaskContext.get.partitionId)
// get any needed data from the offset range
val topic = osr.topic
val kafkaPartitionId = osr.partition
val begin = osr.fromOffset
val end = osr.untilOffset
}
}
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54. How to use
New Kafka
Integration on
Spark 2.0+
Java Example Code
Store offsets in Kafka itself:
Commit API
stream.foreachRDD { rdd =>
val offsetRanges = rdd.asInstanceOf[HasOffsetRanges]
.offsetRanges
// DO YOUR STUFF with DATA
stream.asInstanceOf[CanCommitOffsets]
.commitAsync(offsetRanges)
}
}
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55. Kafka + Spark Semantics
- At most once
- At least once
- Exactly once
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56. Kafka + Spark
Semantics
- We don’t want duplicates
- Not worth the hassle of ensuring that
messages don’t get lost
- Example: Sending statistics over UDP
1. Set spark.task.maxFailures to 1
2. Make sure spark.speculation is false
(the default)
3. Set Kafka param auto.offset.reset
to “largest”
4. Set Kafka param enable.auto.commit
to true
At most once
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57. Kafka + Spark
Semantics
- This will mean you lose messages on
restart
- At least they shouldn’t get replayed.
- Test this carefully if it’s actually
important to you that a message never
gets repeated, because it’s not a
common use case.
At most once
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58. Kafka + Spark
Semantics
- We don’t want to loose any record
- We don’t care about duplicates
- Example: Sending internal alerts on
relative rare occurrences on the stream
1. Set spark.task.maxFailures > 1000
2. Set Kafka param auto.offset.reset
to “smallest”
3. Set Kafka param enable.auto.commit
to false
At least once
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59. Kafka + Spark
Semantics
- Don’t be silly! Do NOT replay your whole
log on every restart…
- Manually commit the offsets when you
are 100% sure records are processed
- If this is “too hard” you’d better have a
relative short retention log
- Or be REALLY ok with duplicates. For
example, you are outputting to an
external system that handles duplicates
for you (HBase)
At least once
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60. Kafka + Spark
Semantics
- We don’t want to loose any record
- We don’t want duplicates either
- Example: Storing stream in data
warehouse
1. We need some kind of idempotent writes,
or whole-or-nothing writes (transactions)
2. Only store offsets EXACTLY after writing
data
3. Same parameters as at least once
Exactly once
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61. Kafka + Spark
Semantics
- Probably the hardest to achieve right
- Still some small chance of failure if your
app fails just between writing data and
committing offsets… (but REALLY small)
Exactly once
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62. Apache Kafka
Apacke Spark
at Billy Mobile
62
15Brecords monthly
35TBweekly retention log
6Kevents/second
x4growth/year

63. Our use
cases
- Input events from Kafka
- Enrich events with some
external data sources
- Finally store it to Hive
We do NOT want duplicates
We do NOT want to lose events
ETL to Data
Warehouse
63

64. Our use
cases
- Hive is not transactional
- Neither idempotent writes
- Writing files to HDFS is “atomic”
(whole or nothing)
- A relation 1:1 from each
partition-batch to file in HDFS
- Store to ZK the current state of
the batch
- Store to ZK offsets of last
finished batch
ETL to Data
Warehouse
64

65. Our use
cases
- Input events from Kafka
- Periodically load
batch-computed model
- Detect when an offer stops
converting (or too much)
- We do not care about losing
some events (on restart)
- We always need to process the
“real-time” stream
Anomalies detector
65

66. Our use
cases
- It’s useless to detect anomalies
on a lagged stream!
- Actually it could be very bad
- Always restart stream on latest
offsets
- Restart with “fresh” state
Anomalies detector
66

67. Our use
cases
- Input events from Kafka
- Almost no processing
- Store it to HBase
- (has idempotent writes)
- We do not care about duplicates
- We can NOT lose a single event
Store to
Entity Cache
67

68. Our use
cases
- Since HBase has idempotent writes,
we can write events multiple times
without hassle
- But, we do NOT start with earliest
offsets…
- That would be 7 days of redundant writes…!!!
- We store offsets of last finished batch
- But obviously we might re-write some
events on restart or failure
Store to
Entity Cache
68

69. Lessons
Learned
- Do NOT use checkpointing
- Not recoverable across code upgrades
- Do your own checkpointing
- Track offsets yourself
- In general, more reliable:
HDFS, ZK, RMDBS...
- Memory usually is an issue
- You don’t want to waste it
- Adjust batchDuration
- Adjust maxRatePerPartition
69

70. Further
Improvements
- Dynamic Allocation
spark.dynamicAllocation.enabledvs
spark.streaming.dynamicAllocation.enabled
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-12133
But no reference in docs...
- Graceful shutdown
- Structured Streaming
70

71. Thank you very much!
Questions?
@joanvr
joanviladrosa
joan.viladrosa@billymob.com