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COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
 The

word ‘communication’ is derived from Latin

word ‘communis’, which means common. It is a
process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and a

means that individuals or organizations share the
meaning and understanding with one another.


Communication is a process of sharing experience till it
becomes a common possession. It modifies the
disposition of both parties who partakes it- John Dewey.



Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a
mood of mutuality- Edgar Dale.



Communication is a means of persuasion to influence
other so that desired effect is achieved- Aristotle.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
 Communication

is a process of exchanging

verbal and non verbal messages. It is a
continuous process.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
 The

main components of communication process are as
follows:

 Context

- Communication is affected by the context in
which it takes place. This context may be physical, social,
chronological or cultural. Every communication proceeds
with context.

 Sender /

Encoder - Sender / Encoder is a person who sends
the message. A sender makes use of symbols (words or
graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce
the required response.
 Message

- Message is a key idea that the sender
wants to communicate. It must be ensured that the
main objective of the message is clear.
(Communication symbol) – The process of
conversion of subject matter into symbols is called
encoding. The message or subject matter of any
communication is always abstract and intangible.
Transmission of message requires use of certain
symbols.

 Encoding
 Medium

- Medium is a means used to exchange /
transmit the message For instance - Written medium is
chosen when a message has to be conveyed to a small
group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when
spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as
misunderstandings are cleared then and there.
 Recipient / Decoder - Recipient / Decoder is a person for
whom the message is intended / aimed / targeted. The
degree to which the decoder understands the message is
dependent upon various factors such as knowledge of
recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and the
reliance of encoder on decoder.
– It is the process of translation of an encoded
message into ordinary understandable language.
Receiver converts the symbols, words or signs received
from the sender to get the meaning of the message.

 Decoding

 Feedback

- Feedback is the main component of
communication process as it permits the sender to
analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in
confirming the correct interpretation of message by the
decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or
non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take
written form also in form of memos, reports, etc.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
 ONE

WAY VS TWO WAY COMMUNICATION
(DIDACTIC METHOD VS SOCRATIC METHOD)
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

Is an exchange of
information using words including both the spoken
and the written word. The most important aspects of
verbal communication are the following.
 Language
 Pacing
 Intonation
 Clarity and Brevity
 Timing and relevance
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: Information is
exchanged through non-verbal communication in various
ways. It is sometimes referred as body language. Duribleby
and Brutan (1992) suggest that body language has several
elements.
 Gesture
 Facial expression
 Posture
 Gait
 Body space and proximity
 Touch
 Personal appearance
 Eye contact
 Sounds
 Silence

 SYMBOLIC

COMMUNICATION: It involves the
verbal and nonverbal symbolism to convey meaning.
Art and music are forms of symbolic communication
used by nurses to facilitate understanding and
healing for patients.
It is ‘communication
about communication’ so that the deeper ‘message
within a message’ can be uncovered and understood.
When a patient tells the nurse that he is cool to
undergo surgery with his body rigid and sharp
voice, a nurse can interpret that he is anxious as
evidenced by the body language.

 METACOMMUNICATION:
 WRITTEN

COMMUNICATION: Another
important form of communication is written
communication. It is the best method when the
communicator and the recipient are beyond oral
communication media.
CONTENT

CAPABILITY

CONTINUITY &
CONSISTENCY

CREDIBILITY

CLARITY

CHANNELS

CONTEXT
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
 These

barriers arise when duties and line of
authority are not clearly defined. Various types of
organizational barriers are:
 Policy
 Rules and regulations
 Facilities
 Complex organization
 Status and position
 Poor pronunciation.
 Confused

thinking.
 Communication overload.
 Attitude.
 Fear and anxiety.
 Suspicious, jealousy, anger.
 Resentment, antagonism and
prejudices.
 Lack of interest and lack of
listening.
 Physical
 Poor

health

hearing

 Distances:

Four distinct zones may greatly vary in
different cultures, 18”- intimate, 4”- personal,
12”- social, 20”- public.
 Non

availability of
proper machines.

 Presence

of defective
machines.

 Interruption.

 Power failure.
 Lack

of common experience.
 Linguistic- different languages and vocabulary.
 Lack of knowledge of any language.
 Low IQ.
 From receiver’s side: interrupting the speaker;
asking too many questions for the sake of probing.
 From sender’s side: unclear messages; incomplete
sentences, no clarification.
MODES OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS

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COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS

  • 4.  The word ‘communication’ is derived from Latin word ‘communis’, which means common. It is a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and a means that individuals or organizations share the meaning and understanding with one another.
  • 5.  Communication is a process of sharing experience till it becomes a common possession. It modifies the disposition of both parties who partakes it- John Dewey.  Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality- Edgar Dale.  Communication is a means of persuasion to influence other so that desired effect is achieved- Aristotle.
  • 7.  Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and non verbal messages. It is a continuous process.
  • 9.  The main components of communication process are as follows:  Context - Communication is affected by the context in which it takes place. This context may be physical, social, chronological or cultural. Every communication proceeds with context.  Sender / Encoder - Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender makes use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the required response.
  • 10.  Message - Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It must be ensured that the main objective of the message is clear. (Communication symbol) – The process of conversion of subject matter into symbols is called encoding. The message or subject matter of any communication is always abstract and intangible. Transmission of message requires use of certain symbols.  Encoding
  • 11.  Medium - Medium is a means used to exchange / transmit the message For instance - Written medium is chosen when a message has to be conveyed to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then and there.  Recipient / Decoder - Recipient / Decoder is a person for whom the message is intended / aimed / targeted. The degree to which the decoder understands the message is dependent upon various factors such as knowledge of recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of encoder on decoder.
  • 12. – It is the process of translation of an encoded message into ordinary understandable language. Receiver converts the symbols, words or signs received from the sender to get the meaning of the message.  Decoding  Feedback - Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in form of memos, reports, etc.
  • 14.  ONE WAY VS TWO WAY COMMUNICATION (DIDACTIC METHOD VS SOCRATIC METHOD)
  • 15.  VERBAL COMMUNICATION: Is an exchange of information using words including both the spoken and the written word. The most important aspects of verbal communication are the following.  Language  Pacing  Intonation  Clarity and Brevity  Timing and relevance
  • 16. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: Information is exchanged through non-verbal communication in various ways. It is sometimes referred as body language. Duribleby and Brutan (1992) suggest that body language has several elements.  Gesture  Facial expression  Posture  Gait  Body space and proximity  Touch  Personal appearance  Eye contact  Sounds  Silence 
  • 17.  SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION: It involves the verbal and nonverbal symbolism to convey meaning. Art and music are forms of symbolic communication used by nurses to facilitate understanding and healing for patients.
  • 18. It is ‘communication about communication’ so that the deeper ‘message within a message’ can be uncovered and understood. When a patient tells the nurse that he is cool to undergo surgery with his body rigid and sharp voice, a nurse can interpret that he is anxious as evidenced by the body language.  METACOMMUNICATION:
  • 19.  WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: Another important form of communication is written communication. It is the best method when the communicator and the recipient are beyond oral communication media.
  • 22.  These barriers arise when duties and line of authority are not clearly defined. Various types of organizational barriers are:  Policy  Rules and regulations  Facilities  Complex organization  Status and position
  • 23.  Poor pronunciation.  Confused thinking.  Communication overload.  Attitude.  Fear and anxiety.  Suspicious, jealousy, anger.  Resentment, antagonism and prejudices.  Lack of interest and lack of listening.
  • 24.  Physical  Poor health hearing  Distances: Four distinct zones may greatly vary in different cultures, 18”- intimate, 4”- personal, 12”- social, 20”- public.
  • 25.  Non availability of proper machines.  Presence of defective machines.  Interruption.  Power failure.
  • 26.  Lack of common experience.  Linguistic- different languages and vocabulary.  Lack of knowledge of any language.  Low IQ.  From receiver’s side: interrupting the speaker; asking too many questions for the sake of probing.  From sender’s side: unclear messages; incomplete sentences, no clarification.