3. Photovoltaic Cells
● PV (PhotoVoltaic) Cell: Converts solar energy into
electrical energy
Reference http://www.fsec.ucf.
edu/en/consumer/solar_electricity/basics/how_pv_cel
ls_work.htm
5. Approach
● Learn the concepts behind PV power generation
● Understand the individual components of a PV Array system
● Simulate a PV Array using MATLAB’s Simulink
● Analyze optimal conditions for PV Array usage
● Introduce the DC-DC converter
● Utilize the MPPT algorithms and implementation
9. MPP Change Due to Temperature
Voltage (V)
273 K
296 K
303 K MPP
Power(W)
Power(W) vs. Voltage (V)
MPP
MPP
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.5
2
2.5
Higher cell temperature leads to lower power output.
10. PV Curves With Different Solar Irradiation
Higher irradiance leads to high power output.
Power(W)
Voltage (V)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
L = 0.5
L = 1
L = 2
L = 4
11. MPPT Algorithm Theory
60 Ω
30 Ω
100 Ω
5 Ω
∞
Voltage (V)
Power(W)
Power (W) vs. Voltage (V)
Max power
12. What is Maximum Power Point Tracking?
● MPPT finds the maximum
power of a PV Array and
maintains that power output
for optimal performance
● Without the MPPT the DC-DC
converter would be
inefficient
● Maximizes Efficiency of PV
Array
http://www.leonics.com/
16. 1. Perturb and Observe (P&O)
2. Incremental Conductance (IC)
3. Three point way comparison
4. Short Current Pulse
5. Constant Voltage
MPPT Algorithms
17. Perturb & Observe (P&O)
Voltage (V)
Power(W)
Power (W) vs. Voltage (V)
Max power
A
B
C
D
E
1 2 3 6 7 80
0.1
0.6
0.5
26. Comparison between Methods
Perturb & Observe Condition Incremental Conductance
Oscillates around the
maximum power point
Oscillations in the graph Doesn’t Oscillate as much
as P&O toward the
maximum power point
Oscillates around the
maximum power point
Finding the exact maximum
point
Able to find the Maximum
power and stay at the point
Simpler algorithm Structure of the Algorithm More complex algorithm
Does not adjust as fast as
IC method
Rapid changes in
Irradiation
Able to find the exact
maximum point rapidly
More efficient with
temperatures
Varying Temperature Doesn’t adjust as rapidly as
P&O method
Lower irradiation Irradiation and Efficiency Higher irradiation
Not as efficient as the IC
model
Buck-Boost Converter Rapidly adjusts to converter
27. Conclusion
● Learned about parameters influencing energy conversion of Photovoltaic(PV) arrays.
● Recreated the mathematical and electrical model of PV arrays in MATLAB Simulink.
● Learned about the general concept of Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT).
● Successfully redesigned and compared two MPPT algorithms Perturb and Observe
(P&O) and Incremental conductance (IC).
● Understood the concept of DC-DC voltage conversion and its usage in voltage and
power regulation of PV arrays.
● Experimentally acquired data using LabView software and observed and verified the
theoretical concept of MPPT algorithms.
29. References
[1] A. Dolara; R. Faranda; S. Leva. “Energy Comparison of Seven MPPT Techniques for PV
Systems” in J. Electromagnetic Analysis & Applications, 2009, 3: 152-162
[2] A.P.Yadav, S. Thirumaliah and G. Harith. “Comparison of MPPT Algorithms for DC-DC
Converters Based PV Systems” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 1, Issue 1, July 2012
[3] H.N.Zainudin and S. Mekhilef, "Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques
for PV Systems" Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference
(MEPCON’10), Cairo University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010
[4] R.Faranda and S. Leva, "Energy Comparison of MPPT techniques for PV Systems," WSEAS
Transaction on Power Systems, vol. 3, pp. 446-455
