1.Geothermal Basics 2. Plant Design 3. Questions

1. Geothermal Power Plant Design
Presented By:
Tom Ettinger, PE
Processes Unlimited International Inc.
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

2. Presentation Overview
1. Geothermal Basics
2. Plant Design
3. Questions
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

3. Worldwide Geothermal
Capacity in MWe
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

4. Geothermal Basics
Advantages Disadvantages
• Renewable Resource • Transmission
• Government Incentives • Resource Risk
• Environmentally Friendly • First Cost
• Base Load
• Low Fuel Cost
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

5. Geothermal Basics
Design Challenges
• Resource Conditions
• Choosing a Site
• How Big to Build the Plant
• Choosing a Process
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

6. Geothermal Basics
Plant Types
• Steam (condensing & non-condensing)
• Steam Flash (condensing & non-condensing)
• Binary (air vs. water-cooled)
• Geopressured
• Hypersaline
• Bottoming/Topping
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

7. N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

8. Direct Steam – Process Schematic
TURBINE GENERAT OR
CONDENSER TO VACUU M SYSTEM
C OOLING
T OWER
COOLIN G WATER
PUMP
PROD UCTION
WELL
GEOTHERM AL R ESOURCE
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

9. Direct Steam – Geysers
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

10. Kenya Non-Condensing Power Plant
Non-
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

11. Flash – Process Schematic
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

12. Single Flash - Dieng 1
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

13. Dixie Valley Dual Flash
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

14. Dual Flash - Brady Power Plant
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

15. Flash Plant Design Challenge
High NC Gas Content
NCG varies from nil to 6%
• Reduces Steam Turbine Output
• Impacts Condenser Sizing and Design
• Increases Gas Removal System Size
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Content
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

16. Mahanagdong Vacuum System
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

17. Sulfur Abatement System
Iron chelate process converts
H2S to elemental Sulfur
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

18. Binary – Process Schematic
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

19. Mammoth 1 Binary
First Air-Cooled Binary 1984
Air-
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

20. Mammoth 2 Binary
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

21. Binary Plant Design Challenges
• Heat Exchanger Scaling
• Summer/Winter Capacity
• Safety Concerns
• Wind Direction
• Air Removal
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

22. Geopressure Process
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

23. Texas Geopressured Project
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

24. Salton Sea Hypersaline
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

25. Salton Sea Topping Turbine
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

26. Plant Design
Thermal Efficiency Versus Cost ($/kW)
• Multiple Flashes
• Heat Exchange Area
• Binary Process Fluid
• Equipment Types
• Free Flowing Wells versus Pumped Wells
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

27. Dual Flash
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

28. Steamboat Geothermal Heat Exchangers
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

29. Axial Flow Steam Turbine Rotor
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

30. Radial Inflow Turbine Wheel
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

31. Free-
Free-Flowing Well
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

32. Pumped Wells
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E

33. Questions?
Mahanagdong Geothermal
N NOOTER/ERIKSEN
E