Role of membrane architecture in development of sensitivity to cephalosporin ...
cell wall
1. Presentation on
BACTERIAL CELL WALL, FUNGAL CELL
WALL & PLANT CELL WALL
in Molecular Biology &
Genomics
Presented by-
Subash Chowdhury
Roll : 864
22nd Batch
Department of Pharmacy, USTC
2. Bacteria (singular: bacterium)
constitute a large domain of
prokaryotic microorganisms.
The study of bacteria is known as
bacteriology, a branch of
microbiology.
Bacteria was first discovered by
Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1970s.
Bacteria
Fig:- structure of bacteria
4. Bacterial cell wall is a rigid structure which gives the
shape of the cell.
Unique to bacteria.
Protecting cell from osmotic lysis.
Bacterial cell wall
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
5. Peptido-glycan Polymer
(amino acids + sugars)
Sugars; NAG & NAM
N-acetylglucosamine (G)
N-acetymuramic acid (M)
Structure and Chemical composition of
Bacterial cell wall
8. According to the position of peptidoglycan layer in the cell
wall bacteria are classified into two types.
Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
Types of bacterial cell wall
9. In gram positive bacteria The thick peptidoglycan layer in
the cell wall that encases their cell membrane
10. In Gram negative bacteria the thin peptidoglycan layer of
their cell wall is sandwiched between an inner cell
membrane and a bacterial outer membrane.
13. Protect cells against osmotic shock (most important) and
physical damage.
Regulation of substance transport into and out of cells.
Contain genome.
Contain supplemental genetic information such as
resistance to antibiotics, production of toxins and tolerance
to toxic environment.
Take part in protein synthesis.
Movement of cells.
Mineral storage of cells.
Function of bacterial cell wall
14. Fungi are eukaryotes
Nearly all multicellular (yeasts
are unicellular)
Spore-bearing protists that lack
chlorophyll.
Two types:-
1. Yeasts
2. Molds (filamentous
and multicellular)
Fungi
15. The cell wall is made up of:
1) chitin (polymers of acetylated amino sugar N-
acetyl-glucosamine)
2) glucan
3) Proteins
Glucan and chitin are components of the primary
wall.
Proteins are components of the secondary wall.
Other components include chitosan, melanins and
lipids.
Enzymes include cellulase which acts on cellulose of
plants.
Fungal cell wall
17. Chained polymer β(1-4) N-acetyl-glucosamine.
Microfibril
Microfibrils can be of various shapes:
in yeast: short and thick
in hyphal wall: long and interwoven
Septa
Chitin
19. Protects against osmotic lysis
Acts as a molecular sieve
Contains pigments for protection
Binding site for enzymes
The outermost surface of the cell wall
1) provides a medium between the cell and the environment
2) a site where antigen and agglutinin gets attached to the
substrate, host and other cells.
Function of fungal cell wall
20. Cell wall is a rigid & rough.
Situated outside the cell membrane.
The cell wall was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
Plant Cell Wall
24. determining cell shape
support and mechanical strength
prevents the cell membrane from bursting
controls cell growth and cell volume
physical barrier
carbohydrate storage
Functions of the Cell Wall