1. cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv
( Z…Yg~‡j Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZvq bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv cÖwkÿY mnvwqKv)
†gvwU‡fkb, GIqvi‡bm, GW‡fv‡Kmx †cÖvMÖvg Ab †mvk¨vj Bmy¨R (g¨vcmx)
evsjv‡`k Kvh©vjq : evox # 39 (3q Zjv), moK # 01, †k‡Li‡UK, wcwm KvjPvi, Av`vei,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv-1207|
Hotline: +88 01711642346, | T: (02) 9140265 |
Email: maapingo@gmail.com | www.maapsi.org

2. 2
wb‡`©kbv :
†gv¯Ídv †mv‡nj, cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v (wmBI), g¨vcwm evsjv‡`k|
m¤úv`bvq :
mywgZ ewYK, †cÖvMÖvg Awdmvi, g¨vcwm evsjv‡`k|
mn‡hvwMZvq :
†gv. ingvZzjøvn dviæK, wmwbqi †cÖvMÖvg g¨v‡bRvi, g¨vcwm evsjv‡`k |
bvRgv Rvnvb, KwgDwb‡Kkb Awdmvi, g¨vcwm evsjv‡`k |
Zvevmmyg bvZvkv, †Uªwbs Awdmvi, g¨vcwm evsjv‡`k |
Z_¨ mnvwqKv cÖ¯‘‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ :
KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q ivóªKvVv‡gvi Z‡_¨i mwVK cÖ‡qvM-cÖPvi Z_v gvbevwaKvi, bvixi ÿgZvqb, wkÿv,
¯^v¯ ¨ I mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZv I cÖwZeÜKZv `~ixKi‡Y bvMwiK‡`i gv‡S mvsevw`KZvi PP©v I
`ÿZv e„w× Ges wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ¯‧ZK…Z|
cÖKvkKvj : 2014

3. 3
g¨vcwm cwiwPwZ
`k©b ::
g¨vcwmi `k©b n‡jv †UKmB MYZš¿ cÖwZôv Kiv, †hLv‡b RbMY Aev‡a Zv‡`i AwaKvi PP©v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
jÿ¨ ::
RbMY‡K cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i AwaKvi I mykvmb mPj Ki‡Z g¨vcwm wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Rb¨
Kvh©iZ †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb ¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv Dchy³ K‡i †Zvjv|
†KŠkj ::
¯ vbxq GbwRI‡`i mv‡_ GKwU †bUIqvK© •Zix Kiv I ¯ vbxq kw³ w`‡q wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevq‡b Zv‡`i‡K DØy×
Kiv|
g~j¨‡eva ::
me©‡ÿ‡Î ¯^”QZv I wbi‡cÿZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z g¨vcwm e×cwiKi|
Kvh©‡ÿÎ ::
XvKv I h‡kvi †Rjvq wbR¯^ Awdm Ges mviv evsjv‡`‡k GbwRI †bUIqvK© Øviv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
D‡Ïk¨ ::
 wbe©vP‡b ¯^”QZv I wbi‡cÿZv wbwðZ Kiv|
 †`ke¨vwc †bUIqvK© Gi gva¨‡g †fvU m¤úwK©Z wkÿv `vb|
 Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q MYZš¿ cÖwZôvq f~wgKv ivLv|
 wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g bvixi ÿgZvqb|
 wbe©vPbx AvB‡bi cÖ‡qv‡M GW‡fv‡Kwm cÖ`vb|
 ¯ vbxq miKv‡ii Kvh©wewai cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e„w×|
 ¯ vbxq miKv‡ii AvBbMZ I e¨e¯ vcbv `ÿZv‡K kw³kvjx Kiv|
 `wi`ª gvbyl‡`i AwaKvi AR©‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb|
 mgv‡Ri gvbevwaKvi ewÂZ I wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡bv I Zv‡`i cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯ v Kiv|
 wewfbœ wel‡q m‡PZbZv e„wׇZ wgwWqvi cÖPv‡ii m„Rbkxj Dbœqb NUv‡bv|
cÖavb Kvh©wewa ::
 mykvmb cÖwZôvq cÖPviYv I AvBbx mnvqZv `vb|
 ‡fvU ch©‡eÿY I †fvU cÖ`vb welqK wkÿv cÖ`vb|
 MYZ‡š¿i cÖPviYv|
 ¯ vbxq I we‡`kx GbwRI Gi mv‡_ †bUIqvK© •Zix|
 ¯ vbxq miKv‡ii cÖwZôvb MVb|
 Z‡_¨i Aeva cÖevn I Z…Yg~‡j Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZvq bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv cÖwkÿY|

4. 4
:: bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i `ÿZv Dbœqb cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ mg~n ::
(GB cÖwkÿY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv ej‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb)
 msev` I mvsevw`KZv
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv wK
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi wfbœ cwiwPwZ
 Z‡_¨i ¸iæZ¡
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨Yxq welqmg~n
 Av‡qi †ÿÎ ev A_© cÖvwß
 evsjv‡`‡k bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi †cÖÿvcU
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq wbR¯^ g‡Zi cÖ‡qvM
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi eZ©gvb Ae¯ vb
 cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZv I bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi cv_©K¨
 NUbvi msev` g~j¨
 eøwMs I wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg
 wewfbœ AbjvBb wbDR †cvUv©‡ji eø‡Mi ÔbvMwiK mvsevw`KZvÕ iƒc
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq †h welq¸‡jv‡K †Rviv‡jvfv‡e wbiærmvwnZ Kiv nq
 evsjv‡`‡k wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg (bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv)Õi wKQz eøM ev †cvU©vj mg~n
 wek¦e¨vwc wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg Gi I‡qe mvBU mg~n
:: bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i `ÿZv Dbœqb cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i welqmg~n ::
cÖ_g fvM t gwWDj - 01
 msev`/ Lei (News) t msÁv, •ewkó¨, Kvh©vejx, cÖKvi‡f`
 mvsevw`KZv t msÁv, D‡Ïk¨, gvcKvwV
 wi‡cvU©/ msev` cÖwZ‡e`b t cÖwZ‡e`‡bi cÖKvi‡f` t msev` msMÖ‡ni cš v/ Drm mg~n
 cÖwZ‡e`b iPbv t 5-``Cs”, Magic Formula, W1H
 wewfbœ cÿ I wi‡cvU©vi
wØZxq fvM t gwWDj - 02
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv wK
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi wfbœ cwiwPwZ
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
 evsjv‡`‡k bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi †cÖÿvcU
 bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi cÖwµqv I c×wZ
:: cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨eüZ c×wZ mg~n ::
 cÖ‡kœvËi
 e³…Zv A‡jvPbv
 gy³ wPšÍvi So
 `jxq Av‡jvPbv
 Abykxjb

5. 5
 gvBÛ g¨vwcs (cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î)
 fxc
 Mí ejv
 weZK©
 cÖ`k©b
:: cÖwkÿ‡Y e¨eüZ DcKiY mg~n ::
 †nvqvBU †evW©
 ‡nvqvBU †evW© gvK©vi
 †cv÷vi †ccvi, †cv÷vi
 gvwë wgwWqv cÖ‡R±i
 j¨vcUc
 ¯…xY
 Kjg, c¨vW, dvBj
 †bg KvW©
 fxc KvW©, mvBb †cb
 wd¬c PvU© (cÖ`k©Y‡hvM¨ PvU© hw` wKQz _v‡K)
 weZi‡Yi Rb¨ g¨vbyqvj
 n¨vÛAvDU/ Z_¨cÎ
 Rc †evW©
 †iwR‡÷ªkb kxU
 †Kvm© g~j¨vqbcÎ

6. 6
:: mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ KiYxq ::
(K)
 bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i `ÿZv Dbœqb †Kvm© `yB w`‡bi n‡jI ev¯Íevqb ch©v‡q w`be¨vcx AbywôZ n‡e|
cÖwkÿK cÖwkÿY †Kvm© weavq cÖ_g w`b wUIwU (†ewmK-AskZ) cvU©wU g¨vbyqv‡j AšÍf©yw³i cvkvcvwk
wmwWD‡ji AwZwi³ wKQz c×wZ mnvqKM‡Yi myweav‡_© mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvV ch©v‡q w`be¨vcx e¨&nv‡ii
c~‡e© mnvqK g¨vbyqvj m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv wb‡eb| GKB mv‡_ wUDwU (†ewmK-AskZ) cvU©wU AbymiY
Ki‡eb|
(L)
 cÖwkÿY gwWDj GKwU MvBW ev mnvwqKv gvÎ| g~j welq wVK †i‡L Avcwb Av‡iv myb&`i K‡i Awa‡ekb
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
 ‡Kvm© ïiæi c~‡e© hveZxq DcKiY ¸wQ‡q wb‡eb| Awa‡ekb PjvKvjxb mswkøó DcKiY mg~n wb‡`©kbv
Abyhvqx e¨envi Kiæb|
 ‡Kvm© wbw`©ó Awa‡ekb ïiæi c~‡e© †mB Awa‡ekbwU m¤ú~Y© †`‡L wb‡eb, †Kvb µ‡gB ‡hb Av‡jvPbv
avivevwnKZv ÿzbœ bv nq ev †Kvb Av‡jvPbv ev` bv c‡o|
 Av‡jvPbvi welq mnR, mij I ¯úófv‡e Dc¯ vcb Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b kixwi (Body Language) fvlv
e¨envi Kiæb|
 Avcwb wkÿK bb, mnvqK| Avcwb wb‡RI AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e ‡h, Avcbvi
mnvqZvq Ab¨iv †hvM¨ mnvqK wnmv‡e •Zwi n‡e|
 †Kvb wel‡q AskMÖnYKvixMY wØgZ †cvlb Ki‡j hyw³ZK© w`‡q Zv gxgvsmv Kiæb| wb‡Ri gZ mwVK n‡jI
†Rvi K‡i Pvwc‡q w`‡eb bv|
 ‡Kvb wel‡qi D`vnviY w`‡Z n‡j Avkcv‡ki †Pbv, Rvbv NUbvi D`vnviY w`b| hv‡Z Zviv mn‡RB welqwUi
m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡Z cv‡i|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Av‡jvPbvq wbiærmvwnZ Kiv hv‡e bv, Z‡e jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †KD †hb Av‡jvPbvq
GKKfv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
 mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ mgq m‡PZbZv GKwU Avek¨Kxq welq| Av‡jvPbv Ah_v `xN©vwqZ Ki‡eb bv| wbw`©ó mg‡q
Awa‡ekb ïiæ I †kl Kivi †Póv Kiæb| mgqvbyhvqx Awa‡ekb g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
(M)
 cÖwkÿY mswkøó Kvh©vejx‡K mg‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z wZb ¯Í‡i wef³ Kiv nq; cÖwkÿY c~e© Kvh©µg, cÖwkÿY
PjvKvjxb Kvh©µg I cÖwkÿY cieZ©x Kvh©µg| cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb Kvh©µ‡g bxwPi wKQz welq cwinvi
Ki‡eb, wKQz wel‡q ¯^vfvweK AvPiY/ †Lqvj Ki‡eb|
* cwinvi Kiæb t
- eB †`‡L cov‡bv
- g~`ªv‡`vl
- cÿcvwZZ¡ Kiv
- Zvovn~ov Kiv, BZ¨vw`|
* †Lqvj Kiæb t
- mK‡ji w`‡K `„wócvZ
- `vouv‡bvi fw½
- †cvlvK
- Mjvi ¯^i
- cwiwgZ im‡eva, BZ¨vw` h_vmva¨ †Lqvj ivLv|
Z‡e †ekx Dc‡`‡ki †P‡q me©‡ÿ‡Î wb‡Ri mwVK wm×všÍ I m„RbkxjZvB eo welq|

7. 7
Z‡_¨i Aeva cÖevn I Z…Yg~‡j Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZvq
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv cÖwkÿY
mgqmxgv t 2 w`b
†Kvm© wmwWDj
w`b mgq welq
cÖ_gw`b
9:30 - 10:45 Awa‡ekb-1
- †iwR‡÷&ªkb
- Af¨_©bv/ m~Pbv
- cwiwPwZ
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv I D‡Ïk¨
10:45 - 11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:00 - 12:15 Awa‡ekb-2
- msev`, msev‡`i aiY I cÖKvi‡f`
12:15 - 01:10 Awa‡ekb-3
- mvsevw`KZv
01:10 - 02:10 `ycy‡ii Lvevi
02:10 - 03:50 Awa‡ekb-4
- wi‡cvU© •Zwii †K․kj
04:05 - 05:00 Awa‡ekb-5
- welq wbe©vPb, `jxq KvR
w`b mgq welq
wØZxqw`b
9:30 - 10:45 Awa‡ekb-6
- c~e© w`‡bi cvV ch©v‡jvPbv
- `jxq KvR cÖ`k©b
10:45 - 11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:00 - 12:15 Awa‡ekb-7
- bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv wK, aiY, †cÖÿvcU
1:15 - 01:10 Awa‡ekb-8
- bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi c×wZ, we‡eP¨ welqmg~n
01:10 - 02:10 `ycy‡ii Lvevi
02:10 - 03:50 Awa‡ekb-9
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvM cÖwµqv, e¨envi wewa
03:50 - 04:00 Pv weiwZ
04:00 - 05:00 †Kvm© g~j¨vqb I mgvcbx

8. 8
:: msev`/ Lei wK (News) ::
msev` ej‡Z gy`ªYRMr, m¤cÖPvi ‡K›`ª, B›Uvi‡bU A_ev Z…Zxq c‡¶i gyLcvÎ wKsev MYgva¨‡g Dc¯ vwcZ
eZ©gvb NUbvcÖev‡ni GK¸”Q wbe©vwPZ Z‡_¨i mgwó hv ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi AvbyôvwbK cÖwµqv m¤úbœ K‡i|
GKwU m~Î `vex Ki‡Q ‡h, PZy`©k kZvãx‡Z wbD k‡ãi eûePb wn‡m‡e wbDR ev msev` kãwU we‡klfv‡e
e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| ga¨hyMxq Bs‡iRx wn‡m‡e wbDR kãwUi mgv_©K wQj wbDBR (newes), divmx kã ‡bv‡f‡jR
(nouvelles) Ges Rvg©vb kã wbDh‡R (neues)|
†jvKgy‡L 'wbDR' kãwU‡K we‡kølY Kiv nq - Gb (b_©), B (Có), WweøD (I‡q÷) Ges Gm (mvD_)|
:: msev‡`i •ewkó¨ ::
 NUbvwU wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| A_v©r msev` n‡e mZ¨wbô|
 msev` Kvwnbx m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bviƒc m‡›`‡ni AeKvk _vK‡e bv| msev` n‡e h_v_© I wbf©yj|
 msev‡` NUbvi h_vh_ eY©bv Dc¯ vwcZ n‡e|
 msev` n‡e mnR, mij, mvejxj, cÖvÄj I mswÿß
 msev` UvUKv| †Kbbv msev` gv‡Qi gZ cPbkxj, `ªæZ evwm nq|
 GKUv NUbvi c~Y©v½ weeiY|
 cÿcvZnxb
 ‡k&ªvZvi Rxeb Nwbó
 msev` n‡e iæwPkxj
 msev` n‡e Zvrch©c~Y©
:: msev‡`i Kvh©vejx ::
 gvbe Rxeb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i
 wkÿv we¯Ív‡i mnvqZv K‡i
 m‡PZb K‡i
 Avb›` †`q
 ‡K․Zznjx K‡i
 RbgZ ‣Zwi K‡i
 wPšÍv I fve cÖKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i
 bZzb Z_¨ mieivn K‡i
 MYZ‡š¿ DËi‡Yi c_ cÖk¯Í K‡i
:: msev‡`i cÖKvi‡f` ::
msev‡`i aiY, cwiw¯ wZ I cwi‡ekMZ w`K †_‡K wePvi Ki‡j msev`‡K wZb †kÖYx‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq| †hgb t
(K) †f․MwjK †kÖYx‡Z msev` t
1. ¯ vbxq msev`
2. gd¯^j msev`
3. AvÂwjK msev`
4. RvZxq msev`
5. AvšÍR©vwZK msev`
(L) PwiÎ ev cÖK…wZMZ †kªYx t
1. ZiZvRv Lei
2. big Lei

9. 9
3. ¯úU wbDR
4. Pig msev`
(M) cwi‡ekMZ †kÖYx
1. mij msev`
2. mw¾Z msev`
3. e¯‧wbó msev`
gšÍe¨kÖqx msev`
e¨vLvg~jK msev`
:: mvsevw`KZv ::
 Rbmvavi‡Yi AvMÖn m„wóKvix NUbvejx †Kvb AvKvi ev gva¨‡g RYM‡Yi Kv‡Q †c․uQv‡bv †K mvsevw`KZv
e‡j|
 mvsevw`KZv n‡”Q Pjgvb Rxe‡bi kãgq cÖwZ”Qwe, hv KL‡bv g„b¥q KL‡bv e¯‧wbô| mvsevw`KZv GB
cÖwZ”Qwe‡K Avcb ü`‡q aviY K‡i Zv‡K Avevi mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q wdwi‡q †`evi GK RwUj c×wZ|
mvsevw`KZv e¯‧wbô mvwnZ¨ I `ªyZj‡qi BwZnv‡mi mswgkÖY| mvsevw`KZv Rxeb, mgvR I iv‡óªi MwZ
cÖK…wZi eY©bvi GK cÖ‡K․kj|
- Wt cv_© P‡Ævcva¨vq |
:: mvsevw`KZvi D‡Ïk¨ ::
1. Z_¨ AewnZKiY ev msev` cÖPvi
2. Z_¨ we‡kølY, wewfbœ NUbv, Lei I cwi‡ek cwiw¯ wZi e¨vL¨vKiY
3. cÖfve wb¯Ívi
4. wPË we‡bv`b
5. hv mZ¨ Zv cÖPvi Kiv
6. weÁwß, gšÍe¨, AwfgZ cÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb
7. wkÿv we¯Ívi
8. kvmK †Mvôxi fzj-ÎæwU Zz‡j aiv
9. MYZ‡š¿i jvjb I weKv‡k AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb Kiv
10.bvMwiK AwaKvi wbwðZKiY
11. RvZxq µvwšÍKvj c_ wb‡`©kbv `vb
:: msev‡`i gvcKvwV ::
†KvbwU msev`, Avi †KvbwU msev` bq, Zv wePv‡ii gvcKvwV _vK‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e `yÕwU g~jbxwZ Aek¨B _vK‡Z
n‡e -
1. mZ¨Zv ev wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv
(wWR‡ijx gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb, Ômgq msev‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb wKš‧ mZ¨Zv Zvi †P‡qI `vgx)Õ
2. cÿcvZnxbZv
Z‡e mv¤úªwZKKv‡j msev‡`i gvcKvwV wePvh© wn‡m‡e wZbwU welq‡K LyeB cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡”Q| †hgb-
1. cÖvmw½KZv
2. cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
3. AvMÖn ev AvKl©Y

10. 10
:: wi‡cvU© ev msev` cÖwZ‡e`b wK? ::
wi‡cvU© n‡”Q †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡qi KvR ev NUbvi c~Y©v½ weeiY hvi g‡a¨ AMÖMwZ, e¨_©Zv, g~j¨vqb, KviY,
cÖ¯Ívebv Zz‡j aiv nq Ges hvi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K|
cÖwZ‡e`b wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| Avgiv me ai‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev bv| AviAvB(RI)Gi
Kv‡Ri mv‡_ †h¸‡jv †ekx m¤úK©hy³ †m¸‡jv‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`e| Av‡M †`Lv hvK cÖwZ‡e`‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
:: cÖwZ‡e`‡bi cÖKvi‡f` ::
1. mvaviY cÖwZ‡e`b
2. ‡Wc_ cÖwZ‡e`b
3. AbymÜvbx ev Z`šÍg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b
4. e¨vLvg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b
5. Aciva cÖwZ‡e`b
6. gvbweK Av‡e`bg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b
7. Dbœqbg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b
8. ivR‣bwZK cÖwZ‡e`b
9. msm`xq cÖwZ‡e`b
10.‡KvU© wi‡cvwU©
11. A_©‣bwZK cÖwZ‡e`b
12.K…wl cÖwZ‡e`b
13.cwi‡ek I RbmsL¨v cÖwZ‡e`b
14.µxov cÖwZ‡e`b
15.Pjw”PÎ cÖwZ‡e`b
16.wkí I mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖwZ‡e`b iPbvi Av‡M GKRb wi‡cvU©vi‡K msev` msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| msev` msMÖn I cÖwZ‡e`b iPbvi KvRwU
LyeB `yiƒn I SzuwKc~Y©|
GKwU msev`c‡Î †h msev` cÖKvwkZ nq Zv msMÖ‡ni Drm ev m~Î _v‡K| wKš‧ †Kvb Dbœqb ms¯ vi †Kvb †QvU
cwÎKvi Rb¨ ev †Kvb M‡elYvg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b iPbvi Rb¨ ev Kg© GjvKvi gvbevwaKvi jsNbRwbZ wi‡cvU©
‣Zwii Rb¨ ev Abª †Kvb cÖ‡qvR‡b mOev` msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ mywbw`©ó †mvm© _vKv `iKvi, hv n‡Z cv‡i †QvU
AvKv‡ii Ges mswkøó‡`i msev` msMªn I wi‡cvU© †jLvi Kjv‡K․kj Rvbv _vK‡Z n‡e|
msev`c‡Î †h me msev` cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv msMÖ‡ni wewfbœ cš v ::
 wbR¯^ cÖwZ‡e`K
 wbR¯^ msev``vZv ev cÖwZwbwa
 evZ©v cÖwZôvb
 Ab¨vb¨ MYgva¨g
 msev` weÁwß
 Ab¨vb¨ Drm
wbw`©ó GjvKvq msev` msMÖ‡ni Drmmg~n ::
 mswkøó _vbv
 AvBb-Av`vjZ

11. 11
 ‡c․imfv
 miKvwi cÖwZôvbvw`
 Z_¨ Awa`ßi
 Z_¨ I †eZvi gš¿Yvjq (hw` _v‡K)
 wkÿv cÖwZôvb
 ag©xq cÖwZôvb
 wegvb e›`i (hw` _v‡K)
 nvmcvZvj
 ‡ij †÷kb (hw` _v‡K)
 ‡cvU© (hw` _v‡K)
 dvqvi mvwf©m (hw` _v‡K)
 wewkó e¨w³‡`i evm¯ vb
:: MÖvgxY ev gd¯^j msev``vZvi msev` †mvm© ::
 MÖvgxY gvby‡li Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯ v
 AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM
 K…wl mgm¨v
 ¯^v¯ ¨ mgm¨v
 wPwKrmv e¨e¯ vi AcÖZyjZv
 wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^íZv
 WvK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgm¨v
 AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw¯ wZ
 gvbevwaKvi js•Nb
 cvwievwiK wbh©vZb
 ‡eKvi mgm¨v
 RbmsL¨v e„w×
 cybe©vmb mgm¨v
 weevn we‡”Q`/ZvjvK
 eûweevn
 GjvKvi RbwnZKi Kvh©vejx
 Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ
 mvs¯‥…wZK Kg©KvÛ
 AvZ¥nZ¨vi NUbv ev BZ¨vw`|
:: cÖwZ‡e`b iPbv ::
GKwU PgrKvi wi‡cvU© •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡j GKRb wi‡cvU©v‡ii Aek¨B KZ¸‡jv welq m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv aviYv _vK‡Z
n‡e| wb‡P †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
1. welqe¯‧ wbe©vPb
2. Z‡_¨i Dr‡mi mÜvb
3. myôzfv‡e AbymÜvb Kg© Pvjv‡bv
4. wbLyuZ, mwVK I cwi¯‥vifv‡e †UvKv MÖnY

12. 12
5. wi‡cv‡U©i cwi‡jb (Outline) •Zwi
6. wewea Dr‡mi e¨envi (e¨w³MZ mvÿvrKvi, †Uwj‡dvb mvÿvrKvi, cÎ †hvMv‡hvM)
7. wi‡cv‡U©i cÖ¯‧wZ, P~ovšÍ cwi‡jb
8. wi‡cv‡U©i Lmov •Zwi
9. wjLb I cwigvR©b, BZ¨vw`
:: wi‡cvU© ‡jLvi mgq †h¸‡jv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ - 5- `Cs’ ::
1. Clearness - cwi¯‥vi
2. Completeness - c~Y©v½
3. Correctness - wbf©yj
4. Consistency - ms½wZc~Y©
5. Consiseness - mswÿß
wi‡cvU© †jLvi g¨vwRK dg~©jv (Magic Formula of Writting Report) t
GKwU wi‡cvU© GKw`‡K n‡e h_v_©, wbLyuZ I mycvV Ab¨w`‡K Zv n‡e AvKl©Yxq, †evaMg¨ I cvV‡hvM¨| GRb¨
wi‡cvU© †jLvi g¨vwRK dg~©jv AbymiY Kiv `iKvi| †mB †g․j I GKgvÎ dgy©jvwU n‡jv mnR K‡i †jLv| mnR
I †evaMg¨ K‡i †jLvi †mB †K․kj n‡”Q t
1. NUbvi cy‡ivwPÎ †evaMg¨ bv nIqv ch©šÍ †jLvq nvZ bv †`Iqv
2. hv ejvi †m m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡q ejv
3. msev` †jLvi D‡Ïk¨ cÖKvk Kiv, †gvwnZ Kiv bq
4. Av‡M wPšÍv Kiæb, c‡i wjLyb
5. AwZiÄb bq, hv †`Lv ZvB ‡jLv
6. wePvi‡Ki f~wgKv bv †bqv, hv NUbv ZvB †jLv
7. ARvbv cÖkœ DÌvcb bv Kiv
8. mnR, mij, cwiwPZ kã e¨envi Kiv
9. ‡QvU evK¨ e¨envi, RwUj I `xN© evK¨ cwinvi
10.msev` KvVv‡gvq Aby‡”Q` †QvU ivLv
11. cwi”Qbœ fvlvi e¨envi
12.‡hfv‡e K_v ejv nq, †mfv‡e †jLv
13.we‡klY Kg e¨envi Kiv
14.KL‡bv cÖPviag©x bv nIqv, cÖKvkgyLx nIqv
15.mwVK Z_¨ †`qv
16.e¯‧wbôZv eRvq ivLv
17.D×…wZi e¨&nvi Kiv
18.cvVK‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i †jLv
19.gvbyl n‡e †jLvi †K›`ªwe›`y
20.msev‡` gvbweK Av‡e`‡bi K_v _vKv
cÖwZ‡e`b iPbvi mgq †h¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e t
ms‡ÿ‡c hv‡K ejv Ôlo-KÕ, Bs‡iwR‡Z 5W 1H
Ôlo-KÕ t
1. †K

13. 13
2. wK
3. KLb
4. ‡Kv_vq
5. ‡Kb
6. ‡Kgb K‡i
A_v©r Bs‡iwR‡Z - Who, What, When, Where, Why and How.
:: f~wgKv ::
evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wk¶v, ¯^v¯ ¨ ‡mevmn ‣`bw›`b Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡bK
†mevB iv‡ó«i KvQ †_‡K ‡c‡q _vwK| GB ‡mev cvIqv bvMwi‡Ki msweavb¯^xK…Z AwaKvi| wKš‧ GB †mev¸‡jv
m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡`i mš‧wó/nZvkv cÖKvk Kiv ev mycvwik cÖ`v‡bi ‡Kv‡bv cÖwZwôZ gva¨g ‡bB| Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
miKvwi ‡mev m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i wPšÍv-fvebv I gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z PvB| miKvwi cwi‡mev m¤ú‡K© bvMwi‡Ki
wPšÍv-fvebv I MVbg~jK gZvgZB n‡”Q bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi g~j welqe¯‧|
bvMwiKiv hw` ‡mev m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cv‡i Ges ‡mev cÖ`vb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j
gvbm¤§Z ‡mev cÖ`vb m¤¢e nq| bvMwiK AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡j mswkøó †mev`vbKvix RbM‡Yi cÖK…Z
Pvwn`v Ges mš‧wó‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q DbœZ I Kvh©Ki ‡mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB mvaviY bvMwiK‡`i iv‡ó«i
cwi‡mev ‡K›`ª¸wji KvQvKvwQ wb‡q hvIqv Ges mw¤§wjZ D‡`¨v‡M miKv‡ii RbKj¨vYKi D‡`¨vM AviI ‡ekx
Kvh©Ki Kivi gva¨‡g mvaviY bvMwi‡Ki Rxebgvb DbœZ Kivi j‡¶B bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Ae`vb iv‡L|
G wel‡q Av‡iv GKwU e¨L¨v Avgv‡`i aviYv‡K ¯úó Ki‡e-
Citizen journalism refers to the reporting of news events by members of the public
using the Internet to spread the information. Citizen journalism can be a simple
reporting of facts and news that is largely ignored by large media companies. It is
easily spread through personal websites, blogs, microblogs, social media and so on.
Some types of citizen journalism also act as a check on the reporting of larger news
outlets by providing alternative analysis.
Bs‡iwR‡Z bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi Av‡iv wKQz bvg i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
 Collaborative citizen journalism (mn‡hvwMZvg~jK bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv)
 Personal publishing (e¨w³MZ cÖKvkbv)
 Grassroots media (Z…Yg~j wgwWqv)
 Networked journalism ( †bUIqvK© mvsevw`KZv)
 Open source journalism ( I‡cb †mvm© mvsevw`KZv)
 Citizen media ( wmwU‡Rb wgwWqv)
 Participatory journalism ( AskMÖnYg~j mvsevw`KZv)
 Hyperlocal journalism (¯ vbxq mvOevw`KZv)
 Distributed journalism (e›UYg~jK mvsevw`KZv)
 Stand-alone journalism (GKK mvsevw`KZv)
 Bottom-up journalism (D‡ëv avivi mvsevw`KZv)

14. 14
 Nonmedia journalism (bb wgwWqv)
 Indy media (BbWvB wgwWqv)
 Guerrilla journalism ( ‡Mwijv mvsevw`KZv)
MYZvwš¿K mgv‡R GKRb bvMwi‡Ki cÖwZwU KvR, AvPiY I ‣bwZK a¨vb-aviYvq jywK‡q _v‡K bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZvi exR| gvbwmK Ae¯ v I wbZ¨w`‡bi AvPvi-AvPi‡YB wKš‧ mwZ¨Kv‡ii bvMwiKZvi wPÎ dz‡U I‡V|
Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i ‡`k‡K fv‡jvevwm, hw` bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i kw³ wb‡q Me©‡eva Kwi, hw` Avgv‡`i wkï I
AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ fv‡jv wKQy Ki‡Z PvB, hw` gvbe mf¨Zvi jÿ¨‡K cwic~Y© Ki‡Z PvB; Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i
mevB‡K bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i mevB‡K n‡q DV‡Z n‡e mvsevw`K|
Z_¨cÖhyw³i RM‡Z mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q e¨vcK Dbœqbœ G‡m‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y mvaviY gvbylI GLb MYgva¨‡gi Ask|
msev`gva¨g¸‡jv GLb RbMY‡K m‡½ wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨‡K G‡K A‡b¨i cwic~iK| †KD KL‡bv GKvwK
eo KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgv‡`i ‡ewk ‡ewk `ÿ msev`Kg©x cÖ‡qvRb|
†ckvMZ mvsevw`KZv ‣bwZKZvi Ici cÖwZôv cvq| †mB ‣bwZKZv ‡_‡KB mgv‡Ri Rb¨ fv‡jv wKQy Kivi
AvKywZ Rb¥vq| MYZvwš¿K mgv‡R `vwqZ¡kxjZvi m‡½ mvsevw`KZv Kivi AwfÁZv myLKi bq, wKš‧ GUvB
Avgv‡`i ‡ewk K‡i cÖ‡qvRb|
mvaviY gvbyl‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ I mwVK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I SyuwKi KvR| Kyms¯‥vi, Acev`, cÿcvZ‡K
cvk KvwU‡q Z`šÍ K‡i wbf©yj Z_¨ cÖKvk KivB mvsevw`KZvi Av‡jvwKZ w`K| Z_¨ cÖKvk KivB ‡Zv
mvsevw`KZv ‡ckvi gnvb ¯Í¤¢| mvsevw`KZv ‡ckv gv‡bB mvnwmKZv|
Z_¨ A‡b¨i Kv‡Q ‡c․u‡Q ‡`Iqvi Rb¨ gvbyl ‡h AšÍR©v‡ji mvnvh¨ wb‡”Q ev AšÍR©vj wb‡RB Z_¨‡K ‡c․u‡Q
‡`Ihvi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q, ‡mUv µgk evo‡Q, gvbyl Z_¨ ‡c‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ A‡bK wKQy Ki‡Z Pvq|
ZviciI Z_¨ mevi Kvw•LZ| ‡Kb Z_¨ `iKvi GUv ‡`L‡Z ‡M‡j ‡`Lv hv‡e, gvbyl Pvq bZyb wKQy Rvb‡Z|
wb‡Ri Av‡k cv‡k gvbyl, NUbv ev cÖK…wZi iƒc, wb‡Ri wek¦vm, ‡PZbv, fv‡jv jvMv ,g›` jvMv, mgv‡Ri ixwZ
bxwZ, gbyl¨ Rxe‡bi bvbv iƒc| e¨w³MZ Rxeb ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i mvgvwRK, ivó«xq I AvšÍR©vwZK cwigÛj I
gvby‡li RxebKv‡ji cy‡ivUvB ‡h Z_¨‡K wN‡i|
:: Z_¨ ‡Kb me‡P‡q eo m¤ú` ::
AvRKvj ‡MøvevjB‡Rk‡bi hy‡M GUvB eo mZ¨ ‡h Z_¨B me‡P‡q eo m¤ú`| gvbyl‡K Z_¨ Rvbv‡bv Ges wb‡R
Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cviv I ‡R‡b ivLv eo KvR| cvwievwiK KvR, wb‡Ri ‡QvU LvU KvR I Kg©Rxebmn mewKQyi Av‡M
Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb mswkøó Kv‡Ri hZUyKy m¤¢e cÖ‡qvRbxq welq| e¨emv Kivi Rb¨ ‡nvK, ÿgZv PP©v ev ‡mLvb ‡_‡K
DrLvZ Kivi Rb¨I ‡nvK Rvb‡Z n‡e Z_¨| aŸsm ev webvk ev Rxeb‡K `y`©kvMÖ¯Í ev Pywi, wQbZvB I fvj Kiv
hvq Z_¨ wVKfv‡e cwic~Y©fv‡e Rvbv _vK‡j| Z‡e ‡bwZevPK GB cÖeYZv Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKvi wn‡m‡e Avgiv
‡`wL bv| Gme ‡cÖwÿ‡Z mvg‡b P‡j G‡m‡Q gvby‡li Kv‡Q Z_¨ ‡c․uQv‡Z mvaviY gvby‡li AskMÖnY| MYgva¨g
mviv we‡k¦B A‡bK eo kw³ wn‡m‡e f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q ‡mLv‡b| wek¦Ry‡o wcÖ›U, B‡jKU«wbKmn Ab¨vb¨ gva¨g
MYZš¿ I gvby‡li Kɯ^i wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| iv‡ó«i Rb¥ ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i cwiPvjbv I Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvh
mwµq MYgva¨g GLb ev¯ÍeZv| G¸‡jvi m‡½ G‡m wg‡j‡Q bvMwi‡Ki AskMÖnY| bvMwiKiv wb‡Riv e…nËi
cwim‡i wb‡Ri , mgv‡Ri , iv‡ó«i welq‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Avm‡Qb| ‡mUv wb‡q n‡”Q Av‡jvPbv, mgv‡jvPbv, N‡ii
wfZi, evB‡i| bvMwiK‡`i ‡Póvi eo kw³ n‡jv ‡mUv ‡c․u‡Q hv‡”Q gvby‡li e¨w³ mËvi, g‡b I N‡i, cwiev‡i|
gyw³i, iæ‡L `vuov‡bvi I ewjôfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ bvMwi‡Ki ‡Póv AvR D`xqgvb kw³| ZvB Avgiv G‡K
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg ev bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv e‡jB RvbwQ|

15. 15
:: wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg ‡Kb ::
e¨w³ wn‡m‡e me gvby‡li gZ Av‡Q| Zvi wb‡Ri wek¦vm I wPšÍv ‡PZbv, wkÿv I ‡hvM¨Zv Av‡Q| wb‡Ri gZ‡K
cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Avgiv A‡bK mgq PvB c‡ii gZ‡KI `wg‡q ivL‡Z| wKš‧ ‡mUv hw` nq mZ¨ ‡Kv‡bv welq
‡hLv‡b gZ‡K cvk ‡K‡U hvIqv gv‡b A¯^xKvi Kiv, ‡mUv hw` msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li wPšÍvi we‡ivax nq ev gvby‡li
ÿwZi KviY nq Zvn‡j ‡m gZ wU‡K bv| GK mgq ‡m gZ wcQy nU‡Z eva¨ nq| mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Rb¨ ‡h
Z_¨wU‡K Avcwb ‡ewk Riæwi g‡b K‡ib ‡mUv‡K Avcwb wb‡RB Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb e¨w³
wn‡m‡e ‡hgb Pvb, ‡Kv‡bv NUbv ‡Kv_vq NU‡jv, ‡Kb NU‡jv, wKfv‡e ev Kviv Gi ‡cQ‡b RwoZ, Gi m‡½ wK wK
NUbv m¤ú…³ Zv Rvbvi Rb¨| Avcwb hw` ‡mme cÖkœ I DËi Rvb‡Z AvMÖnx nb Zvn‡j Avcwb hv‡K Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z
PvB‡eb wZwbI Avcbvi gZB Rvb‡Z DrmyK n‡eb| Avcwb ‡mme Z_¨ Zv‡`i Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi Kv‡Q
Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍywZ Avi B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avcwb ‡hfv‡e eøM, ‡dmeyK ev UyBUv‡i wb‡Ri K_v
cÖKvk K‡ib, wb‡Ri wPšÍv fvebv I mgv‡Ri wewfbœ welq, Am½wZ Zy‡j a‡ib, gvby‡li ARvbv Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z ‡Póv
K‡ib ‡m¸‡jv Avcwb Av‡iv ewjôfv‡e e…nËi Avw½‡K Zy‡j ai‡Z cv‡ib| ‡mRb¨ Avcbvi B”Qvkw³ A‡bK
eo| ZvB GKRb eøMvi I mvgvwRK ‡hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi e¨w³ n‡Z cv‡ib wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷| wZwb wb‡RB
‡ckv`vi msev` gva¨‡gi mvsevw`‡Ki g‡Zv f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡ib| cÖvZ¨wnK RxebhvÎv I wb‡Ri wPšÍv,
AwfÁZv‡K mgwš^Z iæc w`‡q N‡i e‡mB Avcwb hy³ n‡Z cvi‡eb we‡k¦i m‡½| wUwfi w¯…‡b I cwÎKvi cvZvq
†h NUbv NUv K‡i cÖPvi n‡Z cvi‡Q bv, n‡”Q bv, n‡”Q Avcbvi wb‡Ri fvebvi ‡P‡qI Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wn‡m‡e,
‡mUv‡K Avcwb Ki‡Z cv‡ib kw³kvjx| Avcbvi ‡gvevBj ev j¨vcUc ev ‡W¯‥Uc n‡Z cv‡i ‡mB bvMwi‡Ki
KÚ¯^‡ii mn‡hvMx| Avcwb n‡Z cv‡ib bvMwiK mvsevw`K| ivRbxwZ, mwnsZv, ‡Ljv ev eo wel‡qi g‡Zv A‡bK
welq Av‡Q ‡h¸‡jv bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi Rb¨ eo ‡ÿ‡Î n‡Z cv‡i| cÖPwjZ MYgva¨g ivRbxwZ, mš¿v‡mi
evB‡i ‡hLv‡b Kg hvq ‡mLv‡b bvMwiKiv ‡ewk ‡mv”Pvi f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
:: bvMwiK mvsevw`K n‡j hv Lywk ZvB cÖKvk ? ::
bvMwiK mvsevw`K ev wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷ n‡j ‡h ‡hgb Lywk ZvB cÖKvk Ki‡e? GLv‡b ‡Kv‡bv gWv‡ikb ev Z_¨
hvPvB Kivi ‡Kv‡bv my‡hvM _v‡K bv| ‡h ‡hfv‡e cv‡i Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡e, Gfv‡e weK…wZ I AmZ¨ Z_¨ cÖKvk
n‡e| ‡Kv‡bv MYgva¨g ‡hfv‡e Zv‡`i wbR¯^ mvsevw`K wU‡gi gva¨‡g hvPvB evQvB K‡i msev` cÖKvk K‡i ‡mUv
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷‡`i gva¨‡g m¤¢e bq| cÖPwjZ MYgva¨‡gi g‡Zv `vwqZ¡kxj mvsevw`KZv bvMwiKiv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| Ggb aviYv I cÖkœ Avgv‡`i gb i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi mgvavb wKfv‡e Zvn‡j| mgvavb Av‡Q, ‡mUv
bvMwi‡Ki wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡kxjZvi gv‡SB|
GKRb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e wb‡R ‡hgb mZ¨ I mwVK welqUv MYgva¨‡g Rvb‡Z ev ‡c‡Z PvB| GKRb bvMwiK
mvsevw`K Z_¨ cÖKvk ‡mUvB AbymiY Ki‡eb| ‡`‡k I we‡`‡k bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi ‡h ‡ÿθ‡jv i‡q‡Q ev
‡hLv‡b bvMwiK‡`i mvsevw`KZv‡K my‡hvM ‡`qv n‡”Q ‡mLv‡b Z_¨ cÖKv‡k ‡ckv`vi MYgva¨g I MYgva¨g
Kg©x‡`i g‡Zv wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv I Z_¨ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ gWv‡ikb ‡evW© i‡q‡Q| Z_¨‡K wbw`©ó KvVv‡gv‡Z `vo Kwi‡q
Zviv ‡mUv‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| ‡mLv‡b ‡KD wb‡Ri cwiPq cÖKvk bv K‡iI wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷ wn‡m‡e Ab¨‡K
Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z cvi‡Qb|
:: A_© cÖvwß ::
mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e MYgva¨‡gi mevB wbw`©ó cwigvY Avw_©K myweav I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM cvb| ‡ckv`vi mvsevw`KZvi
g‡Zv bvMwiK mvsevw`KivI ‡Zgb my‡hvM cv‡eb| wewfbœ ‡ÿ‡Î ‡ckv`vi MYgva¨‡g bvMwiK‡`i cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z Z_¨

16. 16
I msev` djvI K‡i cÖKvk n‡”Q| †mLv‡b †ckv`vi mvsevw`‡Ki ‡P‡qI ‡ewk ¸iæZ¡ cv‡”Qb wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwj÷|
:: evsjv‡`‡k wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg::
evsjv‡`‡k eøM, ‡dmeyK, UyBUvi e¨enviKvixi msL¨v µgk e¨vcK nv‡i evo‡Q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cÖmv‡ii Kvi‡Y
we‡kl K‡i ‡gvevBj cÖhyw³i Kvi‡Y mvgvwRK ‡hvMv‡hvM GLb cÖZ¨šÍ A‡jI we¯Í…Z| GLb mgq G‡m‡Q
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi cÖmv‡ii| wKQz ¯^bvgab¨ AbjvBb cwÎKv evsjv‡`‡k ‡m aviYv‡K we¯Í…Z Ki‡Z AMÖ`~Z
n‡q G‡m‡Q| eª¨vK wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Rvb©vwjRg ‡U«wbs A¨vÛ wimvP© Bbw÷wUDU m¤cÖwZ m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡bj GwUGb
wbR‡Ri m‡½ wg‡j wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi weKv‡k bZyb GKwU D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q| ‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯ v‡bi we‡kl
K‡i cÖZ¨šÍ GjvKvi AvMÖnx‡`i wb‡q wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg wUg Kivi K_vI Zviv fve‡Qb| GQvov wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjRg cÖmv‡i GB Bbw÷wUDU Av‡iv KvR Ki‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wKQz AbjvBb cwÎKv bvMwiK‡`i gZ I
msev`‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q mvaviY gvby‡li ‡jLv‡KI Zv‡`i wbR¯^ mvsevw`K‡`i g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q cÖKvk Ki‡Q|
cÖ_g Av‡jvmn Ab¨vb¨ eo MYgva¨g, wfbœavivi RbwcÖq cwÎKv Avgv‡`i mgqmn Ab¨vb¨ cwÎKvI bvMwiK‡`i
gZ cÖKv‡k ‡ek D`vi| eøMvi‡`i eo Ask GLb mvsevw`KZvi wewfbœ ‡ÿ‡Î wb‡R‡`i †hvM¨Zv‡K AZ¨šÍ
mybv‡gi m‡½B Zy‡j ai‡Qb| mxgve×Zv Qvwo‡q ‡mUv w`b w`b Av‡iv DrKl©Zvi c‡_B hv‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm|
:: wm×všÍ Avcbvi ::
Avcbvi Kv‡Q ejvi Rb¨ K_v Av‡Q| Z_¨ Av‡Q| Avcbvi wb‡Ri, Av‡kcv‡ki, gvby‡li Mí Av‡Q| Avcwb ‡mUv
gvbyl‡K mn‡RB Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi ‡m K_v , †mB Mí mgv‡Ri ev iv‡ó«i bq, GKBm‡½ ïb‡e , Rvb‡e
cy‡iv wek¦| Avcwb wb‡R ‡mUvi ¯ cwZ| ¯ cwZ ‡hfv‡e feb wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡eb| ‡mLv‡b Mí _vK‡e,
cÖkœ , DËi _vK‡e| hy³ n‡Z cv‡i wfwWI, AwWI ev Qwe| Av‡iv _vK‡Z cv‡i ‡Kvb wjs ev wb‡`©kbv| mewKQy
wg‡j cwic~Y© n‡q DV‡e Avcbvi m…wó| Avcbvi A_©vr GKRb eøMvi ev m‡PZb bvMwi‡Ki KÚ ZLb n‡Z cv‡i
me bvMwi‡Ki KÚ| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Avcwb wb‡Ri K_v I Mí GRb¨ ej‡Z Pvb ‡hLv‡b `j gZ wbwe©‡k‡l mZ¨
I mwVK welq gvbyl Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| GLv‡b wb‡Ri ivR‣bwZK gZ bq , hyw³c~Y© I mZ¨ welq Dc¯ vcb Ki‡Z
n‡e| Avcwb hw` Pvb Avcbvi K_v I ‡jLvi cÖwZ gvbyl g‡bv‡hvMx ‡nvK Zvn‡j wb‡Ri ivR‣bwZK ev wPšÍv,
fvev`k©, ag©, wek¦vm Pvwc‡q ‡`qvi gvbwmKZv Z¨vM Ki‡eb| gvby‡li Ici, hviv Avcbvi GB Z_¨ Rvbvi Rb¨
B›Uvi‡b‡U Qwo‡q Av‡Q Zv‡`i wb‡Ri Ici ‡Q‡o w`b| Avcwb Rvbvb wVK Z_¨| wm×všÍ ‡bqvi fvi ‡Q‡o w`b
Zv‡`i Ici|
:: wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi cwic° wfZ ::
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi Rb¨ GKRb m‡PZb bvMwiK Zvi wb‡Ri Ávb I m…RbkxjZv‡K mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b
wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| eøwMs Gi RM‡Z evsjv fvlvi ‡M․iegq hvÎvi ci ‡_‡K B‡Zvg‡a¨ ‡cwi‡q ‡M‡Q ‡ek
K‡qKwU eQi| cwic° n‡q‡Q A‡bK eøM, Rb¥I wb‡q‡Q bZyb A‡bK eøM| ‡jLvi bZyb bZyb welq I ‣ewPÎ
cÖvavb¨ ‡c‡q‡Q eøwMs RM‡Zi weKv‡k| me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ‡h welqwU ‡mUv n‡jv- evsjv fvlvq eøwMs GLb
A‡bK `~i we¯Í…Z I cÖvwZôvwbK GKwU Ae¯ vq `vwo‡q‡Q| eøwMs-Gi GB A`k¨ kw³ I MwZ‡K bZyb K‡i
Av‡iKwU ¯Í‡iI m¤cÖmviY Kivi eo my‡hvM G‡m‡Q Avgv‡`i| cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e ‡m my‡hvMwU jvjb Kivi Rb¨
ax‡i my‡¯ myôy cwiKíbvi wfwˇZB gReyZ wfZ M‡o DVKy ‡m D‡`¨v‡Mi| bM‡ii, RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡`i
cÖvZ¨wnK NUbv ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ, ev mgv‡Ri m½wZ, Am½wZ‡K e…nr cwim‡i Av‡iv
web¨¯Ífv‡e Zy‡j aivi ‡Póv| Avgiv bvMwi‡Ki AskMÖn‡Y ‡m cÖ‡Póv‡K ejwQ ÔwmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRgÕ|
:: cÖ_vMZ wgwWqv I wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg ::

17. 17
cwÎKvi mvsevw`K ev wUwfi mvsevw`‡Ki Kv‡Q wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷ ejvi c‡i gyPwK nvwm ev AÆnvwmi ‡`Lv ‡gjv
‡h‡Z cv‡i! KviY g~j avivi msev`cÎ I wgwWqv¸‡jv bvMwiK‡`i Gme wPšÍv I fvebv‡K ‡m․wLb e‡j Dwo‡q
w`‡Z Pvb| Zviv g‡b K‡ib ev wek¦vmI K‡ib, ‡ckv`vi MYgva¨g Kg©x Qvov `vwqZ¡kxjZv I ‡ckv`vwiZ¡ wb‡q
Ab¨ Kv‡iv c‡¶ KvR Kiv m¤¢e bq| Aek¨ Zv‡`i G aviYv ‡h A‡bKUvB Ag~jK Zvi cÖgvY Zviv wb‡RivI
cv‡”Qb cÖvZ¨wnK Kv‡R| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kvi‡Y AMÖMwZ I Z_¨ wecø‡ei Kvi‡Y| Z_¨ GLb mvaviY gvbylB ‡c․u‡Q
w`‡”Qb wgwWqvi Kv‡Q| mvavi‡Yi kw³B GLb MYgva¨‡gi Kv‡Q A‡bK eo kw³| ZvB G aviYviI µgk öjb
n‡”Q| bvMwiK Zvi `vwqZ¡‡K I wPšÍv, m…RbkxjZv‡K Av‡i eo cwim‡i mgv‡Ri Kj¨v‡Y Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi ZvwM`
Abyfe Ki‡Qb| KvRI Ki‡Qb| Ae`vbI ivL‡Qb| Avie we‡k¦i be MYRvMiY AvR mvgvwRK ‡hvMv‡hvM gva¨g
I wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷‡`i Kvi‡YB wecøex iƒc wb‡q‡Q| Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i GKwU AMÖMvgx I m¤¢vebvgq ‡`k
wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k mgvR ev ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZB ïay bq, ‡`‡ki ch©Ub, AvPvi, Abyôvb I ms¯‥…wZ‡K we‡k¦i
ey‡K Zy‡j ai‡Z , MYgva¨‡g RbwcÖq Ki‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡e ÔwmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRgÕ| cÖ_vMZ aviYvi ey‡K wPo
awi‡q wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷ivI n‡q DV‡eb Av‡iv ‡ewk RbwcÖq| ‡m w`b †ekx `~‡i bq| Avgv‡`i Av‡kc‡kB
A‡bK D`vniY eZ©gv‡bB ‡`L‡Z cvB|
:: NUbvi msev` g~j¨ ::
cwÎKvq Avgiv ‡hme ‡jLv ev msev` cÖKvk n‡Z ‡`wL ‡m¸‡jvi Rb¨ cÖavb welq n‡Z nq msev` g~j¨|
B‡jKU«wbK wgwWqvi Rb¨I ‡h‡Kvb welq I NUbvi msev` g~j¨ me‡P‡q ‡ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Avcbvi Rxe‡bi A‡bK
eo AR©b ev wemR©b ‡Kv‡bv msev` g~j¨ _vK‡e bv| Avcwb nvRvi Kó K‡i A‡bK wKQy wjL‡jb ev eªWKv÷
Kivi gvbwmKZv wb‡q A‡bK cwikÖg Ki‡jb| wKš‧ c‡i ‡`Lv ‡M‡jv ‡m welqUvi Av‡`․ ‡Kv‡bv msev` g~j¨B
‡bB| cwÎKvq ev wUwf‡Z ‡h msev` cÖKvk nq ‡mUvi ‡¶‡Î gvby‡li AvMÖn I gvbyl ‡mB msev` co‡Z UvKv
w`‡q cwÎKv ‡Kbv ev mgq w`‡q wUwf ‡`Lv ev ‡iwWI ïb‡e wKbv Zv ‡`Lv nq| Avcwb bvMwiK mvsevw`K
wn‡m‡eI ‡Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e ‡h K_v ev Mí Avcwb gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡Z Pvb, ‡mUvi Rb¨ gvby‡li AvMÖn Av‡Q wKbv
ev n‡e wKbv| cwÎKvi GKwU Kjv‡gi GKwU jvBb, wUwfi GK ‡m‡KÛ ev ‡iwWIi mgq me wKQy GZ ‡ewk
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‡h ‡mLv‡b msev` g~j¨ Qvov ‡Kv‡bv wKQy cÖPvi m¤¢e bq| Aek¨ wewfbœ Ae¯ vq Zv wKwÂr wfbœ nq|
‡mLv‡b msev` g~j¨ K‡i ‡ZvjviI A‡bK welq _v‡K| Z‡e ‡mUv AwZ mvgvb¨| Avcwb hv Rvbv‡Z PvB‡Qb ‡mUv
wK gvbyl Rvb‡Z Pvq? Avcwb n‡j wK ‡mUv Rvbvi Rb¨ AvKyj n‡Zb? Avcbvi Av‡kcv‡ki gvby‡liI Ggb
AvKyjZv n‡e e‡j wK Avcwb wek¦vm K‡ib? Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi BwZevPK n‡j eyS‡eb ‡mUvi †Kvb msev` g~j¨
Av‡Q| Avi msev` g~j¨ Qvov GKRb Rvb©vwj‡÷i ‡Kv‡bv K_v ev M‡íi ‡Kv‡bv g~j¨ ‡bB|
:: eøwMs I wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg ::
eøMvi‡`i GKwU Ask g‡b K‡ib| wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg bvgK ZKgv Mv‡q c¨vuPv‡bvi Rb¨ ev ‡mUv‡K AvZ¥xKiY
Kivi Rb¨ wK eøMvi c`weUv‡K Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡b‡K fv‡eb, gWv‡ikb I bvbv wbq‡gi wKwÂr Sv‡gjvi
g‡a¨I ÔwmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷Õ ejvi L¨vwZ ev KvR Kivi my‡hvM wK ‡ewk Riæwi| eøMvi‡`i Gme aviYvi GKgvÎ
Reve n‡”Q- ‡hvM¨Zv I `¶Zv‡K w`‡b w`‡b ev wk¶vi bvbv av‡c ‡hgb Av‡iv gReyZ I Svwj‡q ‡bqv nq bZyb
KvRUvI A‡bKUvB ‡Zgb| GmGmwm cv‡ki ci GBPGmwm‡Z ‡M‡j ‡hgb Av‡Mi ÁvbUv‡K Av‡iv mnR g‡b
nq GUv‡KI ‡Zgb ejv hvq| GKRb eøMvi Zvi m…RbkxjZv I wPšÍvi DrKl©Zvi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri , cwiev‡ii,
ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ,cwi‡ek ev cÖhyw³mn Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy‡K wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i, wb‡Ri ‡`Lv ‡_‡K ev
cvwicvwk¦©KZvi gva¨‡g Ávbjä n‡q ‡mUv‡K GKwU wfbœ Avw½‡K Zy‡j ai‡Qb eø‡Mi Wv‡qwi‡Z| Zvi GB `¶Zvi
cÖwZfvUyKy Av‡iv we¯Í……Z n‡Z cv‡i wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡g| ZvB GKRb mvaviY bvMwiK ‡_‡K GKRb eøMvi
A‡bK¸Y ‡ewk ‡hvM¨ I mwµq e¨w³ wn‡m‡eB ÓwmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷Ó n‡Z cv‡ib|
:: wewfbœ AbjvBb wbDR †cvUv©‡ji eø‡Mi ÔbvMwiK mvsevw`KZvÕ iƒc ::

18. 18
evsjv fvlvi I‡qemvBU, miKv‡ii wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Kvh©µg, evsjvi wek¦¯^xK…wZ, evsjv eøwMs‡qi gvb e…w×i
Kvi‡Y GUv wVK ‡h, GLb wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg PP©viI mgq G‡m‡Q| wewfbœ AbjvBb wbDR †cvUv©j¸‡jv Zv‡`i
GKwU wUg ¸wQ‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i‡Q| eøMvi‡`i Gi m‡½ m¤ú…³ Kivi D‡`¨vMI Zv‡`i i‡q‡Q| wKš‧ wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjR‡gi cy‡iv welqUv‡K Av‡iv cwiKwíZfv‡e bv ¸wQ‡qB A‡bKUv Aweb¨¯Ífv‡eB KvR ïiæ n‡q‡Q bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZvi cø¨vUdg©| bvMwiK‡K ‣Zix bv K‡i, bvMwiK‡`i gv‡S cÖvwZôvwbK welq¸‡jvi e¨vwß bv NwU‡q
msev` ‣Zixi Rb¨ wKfv‡e Zviv cÖ¯‧Z n‡eb! G wb‡q †Kvb djcÖm~ D‡`¨vM †bB ej‡jB P‡j| †h¸‡jvI Pjgvb,
†m¸‡jv‡ZI Dc¯ vcbv ev msev`¸‡jvi Z_¨MZ w`K¸‡jvI ‡ek f½yi| ‡mLv‡b e¨w³i gZvgZ I Ae¯ vbB
cÖvavb¨ cv‡”Q ‡ewk| g‡Zi w`KUvi †P‡q msev` g~j¨Uv‡K cÖvavb¨ ‡`qv DwPZ| Kg©kvjvi gva¨‡g eøM KZ©…c¶
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡g AvMÖnx‡`i GKwÎZ K‡i Av‡iv aviYv ‡`qvi ‡h D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Qb ‡mUv AZ¨šÍ cÖksmbxq|
‡Kv‡bv m…wó‡K ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ D‡`¨v³vi f~wgKvi m‡½ Zvi PvwjKvkw³i f~wgKvI A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
:: GB cø¨vUd‡g© wb‡gœv³ mvaviYZ †h welq¸‡jv‡K †Rviv‡jv fv‡e wbiærmvwnZ Kiv nq I n‡”Q ::
- ag©cÖPvi
- ivR‣bwZK `‡ji ev ‡Kvb ‡bZvi c‡¶ cÖPvi
- †Kvb cY¨ wKsev ‡mev wel‡q Z_¨ bv w`‡q Zvi weÁvcYg~jK cÖPvi
- hyw³ I ‡idv‡iÝ e¨ZxZ Av‡jvPbv ev Awf‡hvM ev mgv‡jvPbv
- B”QvK…Zfv‡e fyj wi‡cvU© Kiv
- mgv‡jvPbv Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i wKš‧ hyw³ mnKv‡i
- Akøxj ‡jLv (AkøxjZvi msÁv wbiƒc‡Y KZ©…c‡¶i wm×všÍB P~ovšÍ _v‡K mvaviYZ) - mv¤cÖ`vwqK / eY©ev`x /
wj½ev`x / AegvbbvKi ‡jLv I gšÍe¨
- e¨w³MZ AvµgY
- Ab¨ Kv‡iv e¨w³¯^v_© ¶ybœKvix wKsev GKvšÍ e¨w³MZ Z_¨ cÖKvk
- Ab¨ ‡Kvb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K `vex Kiv ev Dc¯ vcb Kiv
- D¯‥vwbg~jK, we‡Øl, ‡Kv›`j ev wnsmvZ¥K ‡jLv
- ‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvBb f½ K‡i ev ‡`‡ki ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb ‡Kvb Z_¨ cÖ`vb
- webvbygwZ‡Z ev webv‡idv‡i‡Ý KviI ‡jLv ev Kg© c«Kvk Kiv
- AgvwR©Z fw½‡Z ‡h‡Kvb cÖKvk hv e³e¨‡K nvjKv K‡i
:: evsjv‡`‡k wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg (bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv)Õi wKQz eøM ev †cvU©vj mg~n ::
 http://blog.bdnews24.com
 http://www.somewhereinblog.net
 http://www.nagorikkontho.org
 http://www.write3.com
 http://www.dw.com/bn
:: wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg Gi I‡qe mvBU mg~n ::
wek¦e¨vcx wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg‡K †eMevb I Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ we‡kqvwqZ fv‡e •Zwi wKQz wmwU‡Rb RvbvwjRg
welqK I‡qe mvB‡Ui wVKvbv-
 Littera Report - global citizen journalism service that anyone can contribute to
 OpenGlobe - global news website that anyone can contribute to

19. 19
 visionOntv - globalviews
 Neembus News: Your News - Redefined
 Demotix
 The Third Report (Worldwide - English Only)
 http://publishaletter.com/ Letters to the Editors worldwide
 Associated Content
 Global Voices Online
 Allvoices: The first open media website where anyone can report from anywhere.
 Blottr - The UK’s leading citizen journalism global news website
 NewsPoint - The content syndication network from Blottr
Z_¨m~Î t
 https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2386/citizen-journalism
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism
 http://blog.bdnews24.com/Jasim/5254
 http://blog.bdnews24.com/Jasim/10113
 https://bn.wikipedia.org