1. Wine of France
• France as one of the super powers is known
for the contribution to science & technology,
aeronautics, automobiles, architecture,
medicine, cosmetics, perfume, fashion, fine
arts, scenic beauty& culture, she is probably
well known for her cuisine & her eau-de vie
besides cognac which is alcoholic beverage
that generates the maximum revenue. Other
fruit brandies & wines, both sparkling & table
wines are produced
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5. Cont..
• France has more than a million hectares of vineyards &
produces around 65 million hectoliters of wine annually, of
which 70% is red.
• The red &white wines are produced in the ratio of 3:1.
• 22% of total wines produced in France are A.O.C. wines.
• The French consumes 50 million hectoliters of wine
annually.
• She also imports 3 million hectoliters of wine mostly for
blending.
• Around 10% of the French population is involved in the
wine industry.
• France is bordered in the west by the Atlantic, in the north
by Belgium & Luxembourg, in the northeast by Germany,
in the east by Switzerland, in the southeast by Italy and
south by Spain
6. Quality Control
• The French have the most far-reaching system
of wine quality control in comparison to any
other country in the world. The key factors
are-
– The origin of the wine
– The historic methods of production
– The use of the rarest grape type
7. Classification
• The Institute National des Apellations d’Origine
des Vins et Eaux-de-Vie (INAO), established in
1935, has classified the French wines as follows:
i) Vins De Table-
ii) Vins De Pays-
iii) Vins Delimites de Qualite Superieure (V.D.Q.S.)-
iv) Apellations d’ Origine Controlees (A.O.C)- This is
the most difficult
9. WINE PRODUCING REGIONS
• Bordeaux.
• Bourgogne (Burgundy in English)
• Alsace
• Cotes du Rhone
• Val de Loire.
• Champagne.
10. Area of Lesser Importance
• Jura.
• Savoie.
• Cotes de province.
• Languedoc a Roussilion (Midi)
• Juracon
• Galliac.
11. Bordeaux
• Located halfway between the North Pole & the equator,
• The Bordeaux vineyards consist of some 60,000 acres or
1, 05, 5000 hectares.
• Nature has provided a perfect setting. The Atlantic Ocean
& the Brenda (Gironde) estuary formed by the Garonne &
the Dordogne rivers help maintain steady humidity & a
temperate climate. While lands forest to the south,
Europe’s largest, acts as a windbreaker.
• This region includes not fewer than 57 appellations
• Quality depends on the skill of the wine makers & the art
in blending just the right proportion of grape varieties,
each of which contributes its own special flavour &
bouquet. The Bordeaux red wines in British market are
known as clarets.
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13. Cont..
• Bordeaux has over 5,000 wine chateaux
• 60 cooperative cellars
• 400 wine shippers
• 4,000 vineyards,
• 60,000 vignerons.
• Bordeaux produces over 3 million hectoliters of A.O.C. wines.
8 million hectoliters of both red & white wines are produced
annually.
• The red & white wines are produced in the ratio 3:1.
• Bordeaux 1 hectare has between 6,500- 10,000 vines.
• The yield per hectare is around 4,000 Kg of grapes.
• One cask or one barrel in Bordeaux holds 300 bottles or 225
liters of wine.
14. Geographical Condition
• CLIMATE: The climate in Bordeaux is usually mild,
with a winter average temperature of 4-5 degree
centigrade. On the whole the climate is too unlike
England except that the Bordeaux benefits from a
much finer late summer, which are of course
essential for the proper ripening of the grapes.
• SOIL: The soil in Bordeaux changes from commune to
commune and vineyard to vineyard but almost
everywhere it is too poor for any other husbandry,
other than growing vines.
15. Grapes
• Red Grape for Red
Wine
• Cabernet Sauvignon
• Merlot
• Cabernet Franc
• Malbec
• White Grape for White
wine
• St.Emillon
• Sauvignon Blanc
• Cascadelle
• Merlot blanc
16. Famous Classification of 1855
• The wines were classified into different crus and
growths. The basis of classification was that the
wine which had generated the maximum amount of
money over the period of the proceeding 100 years
was given the first growth status.
• First growth- 4 wines
• Second growth-16 wines
• Third growth-16 wines
• Fourth growth- 11 wines
• Fifth growth- 16 wines
17. First Growth Wine
• Chateau Latour
• Chateau Lafite Rothschild
• Chateau Margaux
• Chateau Haut Brion
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20. Again In 1973
The first growth wines were-
• Chateau Latour
• Chateau Lafite Rothschild
• Chateau Margaux
• Chateau Haut Brion
• Chateau Mouton Rothschild
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22. Region of Bordeaux
• Medoc
• St. Emilion
• Pomerol
• Fonsac
• Graves
• Sauterne ( Sweet wine producing)
23. Medoc
• The vineyards are orderly and well-kept and world
famous chateaux produce wines that are nothing
short divine.
• The soil is a mix of gravel, pebbles and sand.
• The region of Bordeaux belonged to the British for
300 years from 1152 AD to 1452 AD,
• Claret was the English name for red Medocs
25. St. Emilion
• Hilly countryside of St.Emilion is very picturesque
and the heartland of Merlot grapes.
• The St. Emilion grapes are robust and powerful with
an alcoholic strength of 12-14 GL.
• The most famous red wines of this area are:
– Chateau Ausone
– Chateau Cheval Blanc
– Cheteau Fourtet
– Château Canon
• Château Ausone takes it name from a poet Ausonius
who owned a vineyard.
26. Pomerol
• It produces wines that are similar in many ways to
the St. Emilion wines
• They are rounded, smooth and velvety in taste. They
have an average strength of 12-15 GL.
• These wines have predominant flavor of Truffles.
• Main wines of area are:
– Chateau Petrus
– Chateau Lafleur
– Chateau Gazin
– Chateau Petit Village
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28. Fonsac
• Hilly and wooded, lies to the west of Pomerol, on the east of
the river isle.
• The wines are spicy, well rounded and rich in colour.
• They can be drunk quite young and have an alcoholic strength
of 10.5 degree GL.
• Grape Used
– Cabernet Franc
– La Marche
– Cabernet Sauvgnon
• Main Wines
– Gaby
– Merlot
– Bellows
29. GRAVES
• Most château in the Graves make both red and white
wines.
• There are 37 communes in Graves.
• The Graves vineyards are the oldest in all Bordeaux.
• White wine & red wine is produced in same quantity.
• Higher percentage of Merlot grape is used.
• Wines are often rounder and softer in youth.
• The red wines are delicate & elegant with a refined
bouquet & a magnificent ruby colour. They also have
rich spiciness softened by the merlot.
• The white wines of graves are justly famous for its
dry to medium nature. White wine is very good, but
they are never great as some of the red.
31. Wines
• Red Wine Produced
• Château Haut Brion
• Chateau Pape Clement
• Chateau Haut Bailly
• Chateau Carbonnieux
• La Mission Haut Brion
• White Wine Produced
• Château laville haut Brion
• Domaine de Chevalier
• Cheteau Olivier
• Château carbonnieux
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33. Sauterne
• This district is made up of 5 communes
• Which are Barsac, Fargues, Perignac, Bommes,
and Sauternes.
• Wine produced from the grapes in area is legally
allowed to call Sauterne wine.
• The method of harvesting is unique.
• The picking of grapes is spread grown over a period
of two months.
• This is to allow the pourriture noble (Noble rot or
Bottrytis Cinera) to set on skin of grapes & the grapes
are fully ripened. The grapes are picked individually.
• The wines of five Parishes are similar in character
and they all are sweet.
34. Cont..
• Grape Used
– Semillon. -Develops noble rot, has a delicate aroma &
richness.
– Sauvignon Blanc.- Provides a touch of freshness &
vigour.
• Main Wine
– Chateau d’ yquem.
– Chateau la-tour blanche.
– Chateau coutet
– Chateau d’ arche
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37. Burgundy
• Burgundy is located in the center of France if Paris is
considered the head of France, champagne the heart
then burgundy is the stomach of France.
• Burgundy is the most fragmented wine region of
France.
• There are 60 growers.
• In this region burgundy wines are bought in barrels
from the growers by shippers.
• Burgundy is the northern most area in the world,
which produces great red wines
38. Cont..
• The main wine growing areas with the exception of
Chablis lie between Dijon in the north & in south
stretches for 193 km.
• Burgundy produces 4 times more reds than white
wine & reds are second to Bordeaux only.
• Some 40 % of burgundy wines are exported in
Switzerland & U.S almost taking half.
• The Saone is the main river in this region.
• The soil is mixture of limestone & rubble. Climate is
similar to that of Bordeaux.
• The grapes varieties used are Chardonnay, Pinot noir,
Gamay.
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40. Wine Producing Regions
1. Chablis
2. Cote D’ Or
1. Cote de Beaune
2. Cote De Nuit
3. Cote Maconais
4. Cote Chalonais
5. Beaujolais
41. Chablis
• This area of production lies north west of Dijon & is isolated
from the main wine producing area of burgundy.
• Oysters & Chablis , it seems have been related since creation.
Chablis is known as the wine of shellfish.
• The wine which is white with a greenish tinge is called
Chablis.
• The Chablis is made from chardonnay grapes.
• There are four types of Chablis:
– Grand crus Chablis 11 GL : strange & delicious sort of
sour taste..
– Premier crus Chablis 10.5 GL : 2nd best
– Chablis 11GL: Any white wine from the Chablis
commune.
– Petit Chablis: These are the least in quality.
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43. Cote D’ Or
• Wine known as “True Burgundy”.
• Literally meaning of word is ‘Golden Slope’.
• Made up of the ‘Cote de Nuits & Cote de Beaune.
• It is about 50 km long, the top is wooden plateau,
and the lower part is the beginning of a flat plain like
valley of the river.
• The INAO has classified the wines into 4 groups,
Grand crus, Premier crus, Appellation communale &
other vineyard.
• The main grape is pinot noir for red & chardonnay
for the white wines.
44. Cote de Beaune
• More well known for its white wines, than the red wines,
although 80% of the production is red.
• A fascinating establishment in this area is ‘Hospice de
Beaune’. This establishment was formed by Nicolas Rolin
in 1443, which served as a tax collector under Louis xv.
• Main wine houses are as follows
– Aloxe Corton: Produces best red wines, generous & well rounded.
– Corton Charlemagne: From the Aloxe Corton commune (Best
White wine).
– Mersault: Some of the world’s greatest white wines are produced
here
– La Montrachet: Considered by many as the greatest dry white
wine of the world
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46. Cote de Nuit
• The wine is full bodied, fruity bouquet.
• The main wines from this area:
– Romanee Conti (Red Wine)- Known as king of
Burgundy ,classic red wine with fruity bouquet
– Chambertine(Red Wine): A grand crus from
Govroy chambertain .
– Clos de vougeot(red): ): A grand crus red from
Vougeot . They are fruity having bouquet, colour,
and body
– La trache (Red): generous full bodied with a fruity
bouquet.
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50. COTE CHALONNAISE
• Takes its name from Chalon sur Saone. Wines
are good but not great.
• The main are as follows
– Clos st paul,
– Clos st Pierre,
– Clos Solomon
51. COTE MACONAIS
• This area is known for only one
wine – Pouilly Fuisse made from
chardonnay grape
• Other wine are,
– Pouilly Lothi
– Pouilly Vingalle
52. BEAUJOLAIS
• Main grape variety is Gamay & main wines of this
area is Beaujolais superieur 10% of alcoholic
strength, a delightful wine, best drunk young & fresh,
for 2 year .
• Wine is known by it name of commune and they are
– Saint Armour
– Julienas
– Chenas
– Brouilly
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55. Alsace
• The wine-growing region about 110km long covers
about 18,000 hectares of land with a considerable variety
of soil.
• This region has exchanged hands between the Germans
& French on several occasions but finally become
French territory in 1945.
• The vineyards are bordered by the Vosges Mountains on
the west & the river on the east.
• The Alsace vineyard has not been individually classified.
• The soil consists of Limestone, granite, gravel, marl, &
sand.
• The mountains slopes get 50 days more sunshine than
the valleys.
• It has a very low rainfall.
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57. Cont.
• Main White Grape
• Riesling: Honeyed delicate
flower scent
• Gewürztraminer:- Spicy
wines
• Sylvaner
• Pinot blanc- Used to make
sparkling wine called
Crement d’ Alsace
• White Wine
• Riesling: Fine bouquet,
crisp, fresh.
• Gewürztraminer
• Muscat
• Sylvaner
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59. Rhone
• From Lyons to Avignon the Rhone vineyard stretches
for about 225 km on both the banks of the Rhone
river, 10 km on the left bank & 20 km on the right
bank.
• The Rhone wine as a rule is not made from one grape
variety only, but a blend of anything from 2 to 13.
• The vineyard of the Rhone fall into two groups:
northern & southern.
• The northern part the soil is mostly granite & pebbles
while in the southern part it is mainly limestone &
clay.
• Winter it is seldom bitterly cold. It has rainfall in
spring.
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61. Grapes
• Red Grape
• Syrah
• Grenache
• Gamay
• White Grape
• Voignier
• Marsanne
• Rousanne
62. Main Wines
• Hermitage: Both red & white & produced in the ratio
4: 1. The red wine is full-bodied, generous &
improves with age. The white with golden tinges age
very well are dry but mellow.
• Chateau neuf du pape: the best known of all Rhone
wines is strong & deep coloured.
• Tavel: They are probably the best-known rose wines
of the world. They have a earthiness & an onion skin
colour. They are fine fresh & full bodied.
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65. Loire
• The Loire country side is justly known ‘Garden of
France’.
• The river Loire is the longest in France & extends
from Cevennes until it reaches the Atlantic.
• There are over 200000 hectares of vineyards.
• The area is favoured with fairly mild winters,
adequate rainfall long & not scorching summers.
• The vintage is late October early November.
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67. Main Grapes
• Red Grape for Red Wine
• Cabernet Sauvignon
• Cabernet Franc
• Pinot Noir
• White Grape For White
Wine
• Muscadelle
• Chasselas
• Chenin Blanc
• Grapes for Rose Wine
Cabernet
• Groslot
• Gamay
68. Main wines & wines producing area:
• Pouilly-sur-Loire:- The best wine from this area is
Pouilly fume made from sauvignon blanc grapes. Its
name comes from the bloom yeast on grapes surface,
which looks gray.
• Vouvray, Anjou, Saumer (white or sparkling)-
theses wine district produces medium dry sparkling
wine. Anjou also produces large quantity of rose
wines.
• Sancerre, Quincy: - Produces a dry white wine. The
wine is known as Reuilly & is made from the
sauvignon blanc grapes.
• Muscadet:-These are very dry wines made from
Muscadet grapes. They go as an excellent
accompaniment to shellfish.
