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Contents
1. A PROJECT REPORT ON
"SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY OF SAHAJ CORPORATE”
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of
Master of Business Administration
(E-COMMERCE)
SESSION: 2015-2016
Training Supervisor: Submitted By:
MIRZA ALI ZAFAR SHUSHIL KUMAR RAI
Asst. Sales Manager MBA (E-Com) 3rd Semester
Roll No. 14303
Submitted To:
Dr. Alok Singh
VEER BAHADUR SINGH PURVANCHAL UNIVERSITY,
JAUNPUR
2. PREFACE
Someone has rightly said that practical experience is for better and closer
to the real world then mere theoretical exposure. The practical experience
helps the students view the real world closely, which in turn widely
influences their perceptions and argument their understanding of the real
situation.
Training work constitutes the backbone of any
management education program. A management student has to do
summer training work quite frequently during his entire span.
The project work entitles "SALE AND MARKETING STRATEGY OF
SAHAJ CORPORATE".
SHUSHIL KUMAR RAI
MBA (E-Com) 3rd Semester
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Success is an effort bounded actively, involving the co-operation of all.
To create and formulate this project report, I would be thankful to the entire
individual who served me as a true guide and epitome of knowledge.
I would like to thank Mr.MIRZA ALI ZAFAR, Asst. Sales Manager (Sahaj
Corporate) and Dr. Alok Singh Project guide for anytime and every time
guidance and continuous support. His experience and methodology of
providing training helps me not to perform the desired activity but to
accomplish creativity. I also like to thank my parents and my family
members who are always a support for me.
SHUSHIL KUMAR RAI
MBA (E-Com) 3rd Semester
4. DECLARATION
I SHUSHIL KUMAR RAI a student of MBA of “VEER BAHADUR SINGH
PURVANCHAL UNIVERSITY, JAUNPUR” hereby declares that all the information
collected through the questionnaire is correct in accordance with the sample size.
The entire statistical diagram from the information collected through the
questionnaire.
I also declare that no partof this projecthasbeen duplicated from another source,
the information included in the projecthasbeen researched and projectwritten by
me and the information collected or presented in the report is correct to the best
of my knowledge and belief.
SHUSHIL KUMAR RAI
MBA (E-Com) 3rd Semester
5. CONTENTS
Topic Page No.
Company Profile…....…………………………………………………….6
Introduction…..………………………………………………………......23
Background……..………………………………………………………..27
Objectives of the study………………………………………………......29
Types of investors………………………………………………………..37
Marketing strategies……………………………………………………...40
Survey Report Methodology…………………………………………………..54
Findings………………………………………………………………….57
Data Analysis & interpretation………..………………………………….63
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….72
Recommendation………………………………………………………...74
Bibliography……………………………………………………………..75
Questionnaire……………..……………………………………………..76
6. OVERVIEW
Bringing information and technologyright to the doorstepof rural India
Sahaj e-Village Limited, an ISO 27001 certified company and an initiative of Srei
Infrastructure Finance Limited, has delved into bridging the digital divide between
urban and rural India. We have taken a phenomenal initiative to make information
and technology reach all the nooks and corners of rural India. Recognizing the
Honourable Prime Minister, Shri Manmohan Singh’s vision of a rural India that
goes hand in hand with its urban counterpart in having unlimited access to all
Government services, Sahaj has embarked upon a mammoth e-Governance Project.
We have taken up the task of establishing Common Service Centres (CSCs) that
were identified as one of the 4 pillars of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)
as envisaged by the Government of India.
The National e-Governance Plan of the Indian Government seeks to lay the
foundation and provide the impetus for the long-term growth of e-Governance
within the country. The plan seek to create to the right governance and institutional
mechanisms, set up the core infrastructure and policies and also implement a
number of Mission Mode Projects at the center, state and integrated service levels
to create a citizen-centric and business-centric environment for governance.
Sahaj has delved into the infrastructural development pertaining to set up, operate
and manage as many as 28006 CSCs across the six states of Assam, Bihar, Odisha,
Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal where we have made our prominence
presence felt.
Till date, Sahaj has rolled out more than 28,000 CSCs across the 6 Sahaj states. We
offer a range of over 30 services that includes digital photography, digital
videography, MGNREGA photograph, MGNREGA data collection, government
form submission, information regarding electoral processes- addition and deletion,
Internet, death certificate, birth certificate, e-Learning, electric bill collection
(WBSEDCL), mobile top ups, railway and flight ticket booking, advertising, job
portal and examination results, to name a few.
Sahaj has been actively involved in skill development training and placement since
2010. Sahaj has trained more the 20,000 candidates and placed more than 15,000
candidates in various sectors like Construction, IT/ITES, Hospitality, Security
Guard, and Fabrication.
7. Sahaj key Clients in Govt. vertical:
1. Govt. of India
2. Govt. of Karnataka - Directorate of Municipal administration (DMA),
Karnataka
3. Govt. of Rajasthan- Rajasthan Skill and Livelihood Development
Corporation (RSLDC)
4. Govt. of M.P.- District Poverty Initiative Program (Madhya Pradesh Govt.)
5. Govt. of Odisha - Odisha Livelihood Mission (OLN-Odisha) & Odisha State
Employment Mission (OSEM-Odisha)
6. Govt. of Bihar- Bihar Mahadalit Vikas Mission (BMVM)
Sahaj is empanelled with Ministry of Rural Development, Government of
India, to implement the Prime Minister's visionary program titled ‘Deen Dayal
Upadhyay-Gramin Kaushlya Yojna’ (DDU-GKY) in seven states, namely Uttar
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.
Traditionally, Sahaj or ‘Sahaja’ means joy that evolves from the soul, naturally.
True joy is derived from sharing knowledge and wisdom. Sahaja, true to its name,
is committed towards devising ways to make information and knowledge available
to one and all.
At Sahaj, we firmly believe in our core values of client service.
Our flexible attitude and ability to offer a gamut of services based on our own
communication infrastructure effectively provides a tailored service, catering to all
our individual clients’ requirements – be they Sahaj Village Level Entrepreneurs,
Corporate or Government.
8.
9. Core Purpose
Empowering rural India using Sahaj's world class ICT enabled infrastructure led by
an inspired team of village entrepreneurs and engaged employees for delivering
both Government and consumer products and services.
The steering force -
Board of Directors, Sahaj e-Village Limited
Shyamalendu Chatterjee - Director
A seasoned professional, he has over 45 years of experience in Retail,
Commercial, Investment Banking and NBFC. Associated with the
State Bank of India for 26 years, he has extensive exposure in the area
of International Banking at SBI, London and as the Chief
Representative in Washington DC having worked closely with IFC,
World Bank and IMF. He was the Executive Director with Axis Bank
(formerly UTI Bank) wherein he was instrumental in developing the bank's
business model and strong business processes enabling it to evolve into a leading
player in the industry. He has been associated with Srei in various capacities for
developing business, audit, compliance, HR & IT processes as well as risk
management. In addition, he has also served as a Member of the Board of
Directors of Nabil Bank, Nepal.
Madhusudan Dutta - Director
Mr. Madhusudan Dutta, Alumni of IISWBM and a Law Graduate,
carries 34 years of rich experience in the area of Human Resources
Development.
His journey started with the global pharma & healthcare giant -
Glaxo. After a decade's stint, he moved to the FMCG giant Dabur,
10. Delhi. He worked in key cross-functional projects from Organization Development
perspective.
Thereafter, he joined Srei, worked in multiple locations and diverse roles,
completing an eventful decade. As the Group Head - HR, he contributed as a key
member in the leadership team, during the formative years of Quippo entities and
Viom Networks - the largest independent tower company of the country.
During 2011- 12, he stepped into Corporate Strategy & Planning (Human
Capital) function to closely work with the top leaders of diverse businesses on
strategic aspects. Madhu has been entrusted with the additional role of Secretary of
the CSR Committee.
Madhu has been inducted into the Board-of-Directors of Sahaj-e-village Limited
and I-log Port.
He is a member of the prestigious ASSOCHAM National Council on HRD and the
Human Resources Committee of the Bengal Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
Umang Das - Director
Mr. Umang Das is one of the pioneers of the Indian Telecom Industry
and was responsible for establishing Cellular Mobile Telephony
Business and the 1st Mobile Call in the country in August 1995 at
Calcutta while he was managing Modi Telstra. He has been the
Managing Director of Spice Telecom – offering Cellular mobile
Services in various parts of the country. Subsequently as Group
President of Spice Global Businesses he contributed establishing the Group’s
Business internationally.
He joined SREI – Quippo Group as Managing Director & CEO of SREI
Infocomm Services Ltd. With the merger of the Group’s Passive Infra Co.
Quippo Telecom with WTTIL (Tata Group), he is the President of Quippo
Telecom Infrastructure Ltd. having over 30000 Towers across the country, and
11. is responsible for spearheading all the new Business initiatives of the Group in the
field of Total Telecom Infrastructure enablement for Mobile Operators.
Presently Mr. Umang Das is the Chairman of the COAI Infrastructure
Committee. He has also been the Chairman of GSM India. Besides being a
Member of the ASSOCHAM ManagementCommittee, he is also the Chairman
of the e-Governance and IT Committee. He is also a Member of the Managing
Committees of CII & FICCI and Chairman of FICCI’s Telecom Infra Committee.
Mr. Umang Das is also appointed as the Chairman - Committee on Telecom
Infrastructure of CMAI (The Communication Media and IT Association of
India) - the only integrated association in India for IT and Telecom
He has been the President of the Rotary Club of New Delhi and is leading the
Rotary Initiative towards Digital Education and Corporate Sector Social Services.
On the social service front, he is also on the Board of Trustees of the Digamber
Jain Mahila Ashram, Saraswati Vidyalaya and many other such social institutions
involved in the upliftment of the Girl Child.
Mr Das is an alumnus of the prestigious Indian Institute of Management,
Ahemdabad and an Electrical / Electronics Engineer form the Delhi College of
Engineering.
Prof. Harekrishna Misra - Director
Prof. Harekrishna Misra is a Professor in the area of IT & Information
Systems at the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA). He is
an Electronics and Communication Engineer, and has Masters Degree
in Software Systems from BITS-Pilani, has Post-graduate Diploma in
Business Management in Systems and Operations Management from
XIM-Bhubaneswar. He also holds a doctorate degree from Utkal
University, Bhubaneswar, in the area of Information Systems Management. He has
over 30 years of experience in industry and academia in the fields of IT
infrastructure management, database management, and communication systems
12. and networks. His current research interests include software engineering (process
modelling), e-governance, information systems management in development
organizations, e-Business for rural enterprises and ICT enabled value chain in rural
enterprises. He has widely published in national and international reputed and
refereed Journals. He has also participated in technical as well as programme
committees and presented papers in national and international refereed academic
conferences.
He is a member of IEEE, Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) and
Association of Information Systems, USA. He is in the reviewers panel of the
Computing Reviews-ACM, USA.
He has been a member of the Advisory Committee of The Gujarat Electricity
Regulatory Commission, Government of Gujarat. He is a member of the Advisory
Committee of National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development
Board constituted by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of
India. He is also in the steering committee constituted by the Government of
Nagaland to set up an Academic Institute of Excellence to cater to the needs of
Cooperative Sector in the North-East Region.
13. The Stalwarts of Sahaj
Sahaj Management Team - H.O. - Kolkata
Santosh Dash - Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Santosh Dash is a B.Tech from Regional Engineering College,
Rourkela and M.B.A (Finance & Systems) from Xavier Institute of
Management, Bhubaneswar. He has two decades of multi-
dimensional experience in consulting (some of the notable areas
being, strategies on e-Governance, information technology, capacity
building, business process re-engineering etc.); managing greenfield
projects; developing strong relationship with Govt Authorities at State level and
being directly accountable for the revenue generation as well as enhancing the
bottom-line of the organization.
He started his career with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and has sailed through
organizations like ICICI Infotech and Zoom Developers. His previous organization
was Vakrangee Softwares which he joined in 2012, where he made a remarkable
contribution through business, technology and operational transformation. He has
played a key role in steering several G2C (Govt. to Customer) projects, developing
a deep insight into executing them while fostering a healthy relationship with
Government bodies. He has also revolutionizing the rural retail landscape in India.
He developed insights into the last mile banking in India and brought several
interventions in e-commerce as well as G2C space and has been one of the
pioneers in designing of the first 800 service centers in villages initiated by the
Karnataka Govt which preceded the existing CSC model. He has rich experience
and wisdom of the infrastructure and IT sector especially in the rural landscape.
Vipul Rastogi - Chief Executive Officer - Strategic Business & Skill
Development
Mr. Vipul Rastogi has 20 years of rich experience in the service
industry and Government business. He has made significant
contribution inter alia in skill development & Government initiated
rural programmes. He has developed lasting relationships in
14. Government and Corporate sector, influenced government policies ensuring that
they are effective and benefit all stakeholders especially the people. He possesses
global work experience and has led large, cross-cultural teams in his overseas
assignments. He believes in leveraging technology to reach masses and creating
operating models, which have a mix of online and offline keeping customer needs.
Before joining Sahaj, he was President of Core Education & Solutions (Middle
East & Africa) and was based out of Dubai.
He is passionate about building businesses and has a consistent track record of
delivering profitable growth and building successful businesses. Over the years, he
has created new revenue streams, innovative business models and personally led
client relationships and complex project executions resulting in multimillion dollar
relationships. He has built teams for all functions and given shape to large scale
operations pan-India. He has developed numerous successful go-to-market
strategies creating unique brand positioning utilizing social media, digital
marketing and regular mediums of ATL, BTL, events and conferences.
Mr. Vipul Rastogi is a BE(Mech.) from Delhi College of Engineering and holds
MBA in International Business from University of Akron, USA.
Umesh Rao - President - Sales & Marketing
Mr. Umesh Rao carries a professional experience of over 21 years in
industries such as foods, tobacco, luxury retail & Direct to Home
Entertainment. He has successfully launched many a brands in
diverse product categories. He provides thought leadership to the
B2C side of business at Sahaj and is responsible for building cutting
edge capability in Financial Services, Education, Financial Inclusion
and Consumer Utilities space. He spearheads large format rural innovation as well.
Before joining Sahaj, he worked with companies like - McCann Erickson India,
Dabur India Limited, Duncan Industries Ltd., Godfrey Phillips India Ltd., Rivoli
Group and Reliance Communications Ltd. He has had global stints in North
Americas & Dubai.
15. Mr. Umesh Rao an MBA Degree in Sales & Marketing from the University of
Pune.
L.V.L.N. Murty - National Head - Operations & Financial Inclusion
Mr. L.V.L.N. Murty comes with a rich experience of over 21 years in
Business and General Management, both in Retail and Institutional
Sales, Marketing and Portfolio Management with major expertise in
Financial Inclusion, Insurance and Impact Investing space in the urban
and emerging markets.
Before joining Sahaj he was associated with India Value Fund Advisors Pvt. Ltd.
as Vice President-Sales, Marketing and Operations. Mr. Murty has also worked
with industry majors like Bharti AXA General Insurance (as National Head-Rural
Insurance Cooperative Banks), ITC (with their e-choupal wing in Business
Development), TATA AIG, Indian Express, Elbee Express and SQL Star People
India Ltd. He is a Science Graduate with specialization in Electronics and a Post
Graduate in Business Management.
Satnam Singh Rehal - Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Satnam Singh Rehal has a rich experience of over 18 years. He
was associated with Pantaloon Retail India Ltd. as Financial
Controller-West Zone before joining Sahaj, where he was responsible
for commercial control, profitability & process and accounting of all
major formats of the company. Mr. Satnam Singh Rehal has also
associated with Reliance Retail as DGM-Commercial where he was
responsible for Financial Planning & Reporting. He is well versed with SAP, Excel
& Internet and is also conversant with Oracle based consolidation software,
accounting package - FACT. He is a Chartered Accountant.
16. Joydeep Datta Gupta - Company Secretary and Head-Legal
Mr. Joydeep Datta Gupta is a qualified Company Secretary with
diverse and rich experience of over 18 years in Corporate Law,
Secretarial Compliances Corporate Governance and Labour Law. He
is a Commerce graduate with a further Post Graduation in Personnel
Management from NIPM, Kolkata. Apart from these, he also holds
various professional certifications like the NCFM on Corporate
Governance Module from NSE, Mumbai; MHRM from Annamalai University;
Diploma in Intellectual Property Law (IPL) from Asian Law School, Pune and
LLB from Vidyasagar University.
Sumanta Pal - SVP - Strategic Marketing
Mr. Sumanta Pal has over 23 years of experience in media and
communication businesses. He is a marketing professional with a long
stint at The Times Group. He has worked as Operating head of
Optimal Media Solutions - a subsidiary of Bennett, Coleman and Co.
Ltd, Business head of Times Group Books, VP and Head of Corporate
Strategy of The Times of India Group, All India Brand Manager of
The Times of India, VP of Times Syndication Services and General Manager of
Times Internet Limited. Mr. Pal started his career as a journalist in 1990 and
worked with Business Standard, India Today Group and Down to Earth, India's
only international science and environment magazine.
An Honours graduate from Presidency College, Kolkata he did his MBA
(Marketing) from IMT Ghaziabad. He has also done an Advance Course in
Working Capital Management from IIM. His interest areas are rural marketing,
Indian classical music and literature.
17. Harsh Patnaik - SVP - Business Development & Emerging Businesses
Mr. Harsh Patnaik is armed with over 21 years of experience spanning
Financial Services, FMCG and Rural/Social Consulting. He has lead
distribution of products and services verticals at Reliance’s (MDAG)
Finance and Dairy Business ; General Insurance Business at ITC’s
eChoupal and the rural forays of IFFCO Tokio General Insurance. He
started his career with Britannia in Sales. A PGDRM from IRMA, he
has a thorough understanding of rural dynamics and has hands on approach to
tackling challenges of BoP Marketing.
Manoj Agarwal - VP - Financial Services
This senior level Marketing professional has over 23 years of rich
experience in Insurance, financial services, business development,
sales management, investment counselling, MIS and commercial
affairs with special focus on Profit Centre Management. With his wide
ranging analytical and research skills he conducted proactive
opportunity analysis by keeping abreast of market trends / competitor
moves thus successfully achieved the market – share metrics and move the
business forward. In his last assignment as VP and Regional Head East with Kay
Cee Group of Companies, Mr. Agarwal has successfully setup the first branch in
Kolkata, responsible for achieving the targets of the region. In his tenure as a AVP
with SKP Securities Ltd, Kolkata, he was responsible for setting up the entire PCG
and Retail Business for Insurance for the Company and training and developing of
branches and franchisees across India for Insurance business.
18. Nepal Chandra Sen - VP - G2C Services
Having over 38 years of outstanding experience as a regular staff in
various administrative functions of Govt of Tripura, Mr. Nepal
Chandra Sen started his career way back in the year 1984 as a Deputy.
Collector - Revenue and moved to the position of Director - Project
Monitoring. His core competencies are the areas of Public
Administration, Human Resource Management, Financial Discipline,
Management and Audit, Disaster Management, Legal Affairs, Election, Secretariat
Functions and many more. A Masters in Commerce from University of Calcutta
Mr. Sen has also successfully delivered his responsibilities as Jt. Secretary, Home,
Revenue and Finance for quite a considerable period of time.
G. Veerappan - National Head - Skill Development & Placement
With an overall experience of over 32 years, Mr. G. Veerappan's
inclusion is a great boost to the Skill Development initiative taken up
by Sahaj in rural parts of the country. He was associated with Zoom
Developers Pvt Ltd. as the Chief Operating Officer (COO). He had
initiated the E-Governance vertical in Zoom and headed its operation
in 9 different states of the country. He has received different national
& international awards including the National Industrial Excellence Award from
the Association for Economic Growth and Social Development. He is a B.Tech
(Degree) from Bombay University. He has undergone trainings in Applications,
Crash Management etc.
19. Pankaj Jindal - VP - Skill Development & Placement
Mr. Pankaj Jindal has around 19 years of rich work experience Prior
to joining Sahaj, he worked with IL&FS as Vice-President and was
managing the overall business of 3 companies of IL&FS (IL&FS
Skills, IL&FS Education, IL&FS Clusters). He has also worked with
Aspire Human Capital Management as a General Manager & with
NIIT and Aptech in various capacities. He has completed his Masters
in Business Administration (M.B.A.) with specialization in Sales & Marketing,
from IPM, Ghaziabad.
Sahaj Management Team - Regional Office
Chitta Ranjan Deka- Head - Operations - Assam
Mr. Chitta Ranjan Deka has a successful and rewarding career of over
35 years with expertise in Strategic Planning, Business Development,
Distribution and Product Promotion. During the course of his career,
he has worked with companies like Crompton Greaves Ltd., ABC Tea
Workers Welfare Services and Reliance Telecom Limited in
leadership positions. In his last assignment, he has worked as a Circle
Head (North East & Assam) in the capacity of Senior Vice President in Reliance
Telecom Limited, wherein, he has successfully established Reliance network from
scratch spreading across seven North Eastern States.
He has done Masters in Business Administration, specializing in Finance and
Marketing, from the University of Guwahati and also holds a Masters Degree in
Commerce from the University of Guwahati, as well.
20. Raman Singh - Head - Operations - Bihar
Mr. Raman Singh has a rich experience of over 21 years in areas
spanning Operations, Sales, Business Development, Channel
Management, Key Account Management and New Market
Development. Before joining Sahaj, he was associated with Godrej
Hershley Ltd. Raman was also associated with well known companies
like, Perfetti van Melle, Parle Products Ltd and HUL. He has been
working in many different states across India and has also worked in Nepal. He has
completed his Executive Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management from
Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune with specialization in Sales &
Distribution.
Deepak Kumar Srivastava - Head - Operations - Uttar Pradesh
Mr. Deepak Kumar Srivastava is an MBA from R.D. University,
Jabalpur with rich experience of over 10 years in Sales & Marketing,
Business Development, Store Rollout, Distribution Management,
Channel Management, Relationship Management and Project
Management. He has also completed his Six Sigma Yellow Belt
project on reducing commission payouts as a project leader. He was
working with Samsung India Electronics Pvt. Ltd. before joining Sahaj. This is his
second stint with Sahaj, earlier he was heading the Sales & Marketing vertical in
UP. Prior to that he has worked with companies like the Dalmia Group and Tata
Teleservices Ltd.
Gautam Banerjee - Head - Operations - West Bengal
21. Mr. Gautam Banerjee holds an experience of over 14 years in the field
of Sales & Marketing, Channel Management, Business Development
and Key Account Management. He was associated with HDFC Bank
before joining us and prior to that he worked with companies like
ICICI Bank Ltd, Hutchison Telecom East Ltd and Colgate Palmolive
(I) Ltd. He has completed his Post Graduate Diploma in Business
Administration from ICFAI in 2001.
22. Retail Business
Having set up one the largest IT connected networks in Rural India, the retail
division of Sahaj e-Village Limited is in the business of making rural lives simpler.
Apart from bringing convenience of accessing numerous services at a Sahaj
Common Service Center in their locality for rural consumers, this network is one
of the most robust service delivery & branding channels for corporate players who
want to reach out to 280 million rural consumers across 6 states.
The Sahaj Common Service Centres provide direct access to modern state-of-art
technological facilities to the rural consumers of India. The services of Sahaj
reaches the most marginalized communities of India, brought to them and operated
by members of their own community through organizational support, thus,
bringing about great transformation in these traditionally deprived regions in India
Sahaj started with around half a dozen services and today have an impressive array
of over thirty different kinds of services.
Apart from the convenience of a one stop internet connected store next door, it
dovetails into its fold life changing aspects like financial literacy, computer
education, Life Insurance and General Insurance premium collection, DTH
recharge services, Mobile Top-ups, Electricity Bill Collections in select locations,
railway ticketing, air ticketing, Advertising, to name a few.
The organization has received a mandate for Banking Correspondents and has
collaborated with various nationalized banks to bring the un-banked rural populace
under the umbrella of Financial Inclusion. Sahaj has also been declared
“aggregator” for the Swavalamban scheme of PFRDA. This unique scheme would
help the Company provide assurance for future by means of pension to millions of
unorganized sector workers.
With these bounties of services in its kitty, Sahaj is also seeking opportunity in
new business areas as well such as Agribusiness, Rural Finance, Rural Livelihood
and Dairy. Besides this Sahaj has also, recently, started e-tailing and sale of eye
glasses.
23. List of Services offered* by us:
Strategic Business :
• Skill Development under SGSY
• Aadhaar Card under UID
• NPR Data Digitization and other related works
• Chaakri.co.in Job Portal
Retail Business :
G2C :
• E-District services in Assam, Bihar, UP & Tamil Nadu
◦ Birth & Death Certificate
◦ Income Certificate
◦ PRC/ Domicile Certificate
◦ Caste Certificate
◦ Certified Copy of Electoral Roll, etc. certificates
• Government Forms Submission
• Saakshar Bharat Data Entry Work
• IAY Data Entry & Photography
• NRHM Data Entry & MIS Posting
• Post Matric Scholarship Application under Minorities Development & Financial
Corporation
• 1st Level Monitoring of Schemes of Employment
• Commercial Tax Services
• Revision of Electoral Roll & Generation of EPIC
• Preparation of MGNREGA Job Card
• MGNREGA Data Entry Work
• Election & Vote Counting Webcasting
• Training to Elected PRI Representatives
• Awareness Programmes regarding NeGP among VLEs & Students
Financial Services :
• Business Correspondent
• Mutual Funds
• Life & Non-Life Insurance premium collection
• PFRDA Pension Services
24. Business Development and Emerging Businesses :
• Mobile Top-Ups
• Two Wheeler Booking
• DTH Recharge and Booking
• Railway Reservations
• Flight Booking through Ezeego1.com
• Affinity Marketing
• Retail Sales (Consumer Products & e-Tailing)
Utility Services :
• Electricity Bill Payment
Sahaj Services :
• Sahaj eSikhsha (eLearning courses)
• Market Research and Ad-Sales
Future Services :
• e-Commerce
• Agricultural Diagnostics
• Distance Education
• Infotainment
• IEC (Information, Education and Communication)
• On-call Consultation Services
and many more...
*Some of these services may not be available for all states.
25. The achievements of an organization are the results of the combined effort of each
individual
Our strengths are such magnanimous that it keep us ahead of our contenders. Sahaj
is the universal sustenance platform for entrepreneurs of different categories and
for all those who are underprivileged and uncared for but have the passion to make
it happen by taking the world in their stride.
Sahaj offers connectivity and opportunity for digital information services
where none existed. Thus it gives access to millions of the rural populace.
Sahaj is the FIRST organization to offer to digital, static and human
publicity opportunity in the rural areas.
Sahaj has a network which is backed by internet connectivity as well as
financial and physical presence in the form of 24,000 plus (28000+
mandated) franchisees or Village Level Entrepreneurs.
Sahaj has over a 1,000 employees working for this noble initiative.
We cater to more than 280 million rural customers in 107 districts, 1,388
Blocks and 36,155 Gram Panchayats.
Our IT backbone
Sahaj boasts of a Tier-III Data Center in association with CISCO and HP. With an
area of approximately 2,000 sq.ft, the Data Center houses racks and equipment
with an ability to cater to all the CSCs.
Some of the salient features are:
24x7x365 onsite security
Silent alarm and automatic notification
N+1 redundancy at all levels
Smoke detection and fire suppression integrated with Building Management
System
CISCO powered network with 99.5% availability
Connectivity from multiple ISPs
24x7 NOC monitoring
IDS and IPS installed
Motion-detection for lighting and CCTV coverage.
26. The Data Centre was built with the following objectives in mind:
1. 99.5 per cent uptime
2. Secured transactions
3. Planned infrastructure maintenance by switching over to failover without
impacting the availability.
4. Ability to service peak concurrent loads of 3000 users.
That's not all: 1. The current DC is scalable up to 20 per cent increase in load. 2.
The bandwidth provided by ISP can scale up to 10 per cent depending upon
incoming traffic.
The government of the day, through its policy decisions can effectively use
technology, can bring about unprecedented changes in the way people live their
lives, communicate, interact and conduct business.
Believing that IT interventions can become an enabling tool for reaching out to the
citizens of the country with ease, speed and economy, the Government of India
launched the Common Services Centre’s (CSC) Scheme in 2006 as a part of its
initiative under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). Through the CSC
scheme, the government has committed itself to addressing the divide, since it
believed that e-governance would improve the standards of living of those on the
wrong side of the divide and those residing in the rural areas, and allow them
access to economic opportunities available to their urban counterparts.
The Common Service Centres (CSCs) are the Hub or Community Centres for the
delivery of all e-governance and other services to the rural people. Sahaj e-Village
Limited is in the process of setting up of over 28000 ICT enabled e-kiosks across
rural India dovetailed with the NeGP scheme to impact livelihood opportunities for
the rural communities. IT based rural information services have been developed to
provide information and services to meet the needs of the rural population in the
areas of agriculture, education, vocational training, health and hygiene. The idea is
to provide sustainable digital access to rural India giving the necessary impetus for
upliftment.
Information services and products range from e-governance services, utility
services, payments, deposits, insurance and other financial services and a host of e-
information and e-learning facilities which are delivered through these CSCs. Each
CSCs is positioned at a ratio of one CSC for every six-census villages.
27. A CSC in a village is completely operated by the Village Level Entrepreneur
(VLE) and monitored by the Regional Control Centre (RCC) and Central Control
Centre (CCC). The funds for these arrangements are managed by Sahaj. The idea is
to develop a platform that can enable Government, Private and Social sector
organizations to integrate their social and commercial goals for the benefit of the
rural population in the remotest corners of the country through a combination of IT
as well as non-IT services. The aim of the scheme is not only to roll out IT
infrastructure but also to build a network of over 28000 rural businesses across
India. To that effect, the CSC scheme has been designed to create a value
proposition for all stakeholders and alignment of their economic interests.
28. “E-Governance today is like a half empty glass, some people look at the part
that is full, some look at the part that is empty”
e- Governance is the use of Information Technology for free movement of
information to overcome the physical barriers of traditional paper and physical
based systems. It enhances the access to technology and delivery of government
services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees.
At Sahaj, we can help in developing systems that effectively streamline internal
government procedures and operations to simplify and improve functioning of the
government. This in turn facilitates seamless transaction of information and
services to rural India. Our consultants from the Government and Information
Technology sectors are culturally aware and have the capability to deliver end-to-
end solutions. They bring the right experience and expertise to design the reference
architectures and roadmaps to achieve the e-Governance objective. We also take
into account security, associated risks and other change management aspects while
framing the e-Governance strategy.
We are the ideal partner for companies in implementing projects which span across
geographical boundaries and different cultures and require the right mix of services
from different service providers.
Dedicated to investing in growth opportunities
Sahaj e-Village Limited genuinely believes in selecting investment opportunities in
the e-Governance space with robust business models coupled with significant
growth potential.
Sahaj looks to market some of the exciting value propositions to the Governments
at large, thus, identifying enterprising and insightful rural entrepreneurs capable of
accelerating and maximizing their growth potential.
29. PPP Project Implementation
Funding is the foremost issue in e-Governance initiatives. The projects that are part
of the e-governance initiatives need to be funded either through the government
sector or through the private sector. The projects can be built either on BOO (Build
Own Operate) or BOOT (Build Own Operate Transfer) basis.
The main revenue model of implementing an integrated platform, joining all the
functions of government, exists in terms of saving immense costs, which are
involved in maintaining existing channels of functioning of government, and in
distribution of information. It would drastically cut down the costs incurred on
manual transfer of information, administrative costs, etc.
Revenue could be generated from advertising revenues through the portal, making
additional services available at a premium. Also increase in overall awareness
amongst people would help generate self-employment that will create revenues for
the government.
Achieving success in e-Governance requires active partnerships between
government, citizens and the private sector. The e-governance process needs
continuous input and feedback from the `customers’— the citizens, resident,
businesses and officials who use electronic public services. Their voices and ideas
are essential to making e-Governance work. Hence, e-governance has to be a
shared vision with all the stakeholders – government and non-government –
participating in defining this vision.
For e-governance initiatives, the three Ps – Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a
must. The PPP model of development focuses on collaboration between the public
and the private sector. It recognizes the importance of the private sector in reaching
development goals by promoting business, creating income, providing jobs as well
as developing a sense of corporate social responsibility. The public and the private
sector recognizing the overlapping goals, see the opportunities for cooperation, and
work side by side in mutual projects.
30. Skill Development & Strategic Business:
Project Udaan
Background
Udaan is a Special Industry Initiative of the Prime Minister of India, the National
Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and the Ministry of Home Affairs in
association with the corporate to bring about a positive change in the employment
and skills development of youth in Jammu and Kashmir.
Udaan candidates with Mrs. Meena Chaturvedi
Extra-curricular activities
As a part of the Udaan training, we emphasise on the overall development of the
youth. Domain specific training is definitely the core of the program, but, we also
make efforts to engage them socially by conducting tours, organizing extra-
curricular activities like cricket matches, movie trips and maintain communal
harmony by celebrating all festivals with the team.
Udaan candidate's visit to 'The Great India Place'
in Noida as an educational trip
31. The Impact
It is an honour for Sahaj to be associated with this project as a training partner to
the Government. The cause of encouragement, enlightenment and inclusion of the
youth of Jammu and Kashmir is very close to the hearts of the leaders at Sahaj and
that is precisely why the Udaan training centre has been established within the
Sahaj Noida office, where these young minds are not only provided skill training,
but, are also constantly mentored by the passionate team leading the project.
The project has faced us with multi-dimensional challenges ranging from
topographical difficulties, climatic adversities, cultural differences, religious
diversities and economic polarization. Every challenge has made us stronger and
more committed towards the objective of integrating Jammu and Kashmir with the
rest of the country.
Udaan candidates with Mr. Dilip Chenoy (MD & CEO, NSDC)
We have set a record of excellence and exceeded the expectation of the
Government by mobilizing 207 candidates against a target of 170. This has been
possible through our keen understanding of the challenges in the execution and
seamless human involvement at each and every step from mobilization, placement
and post placement tracking. All candidates trained by us under this project are
associated with us for life now.
The impact that it has brought about in their lives is a positive permanent change
not only towards economic sustenance, but also cultural, social and intellectual
enrichment.
32. Skill Development & Strategic Business - NSDC Training Partner
Background
Sahaj forayed into the Skill Development space few years back and today, Sahaj
has a footprint in 14 states of the country having worked with more than 18
Government agencies. Sahaj as a Skill Development player is recognized by the
Government, Industry, National Media and individuals. Sahaj has the vision to
become the most preferred training and skill development solution provider for
Governments and Corporate, alike.
Sahaj is a training partner of National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and
has the vision to undertake skill based training of more than 1 Million youth in the
next decade on PAN India basis, in the following sectors:
• Building & Construction
• IT/ITeS
• Textile & Clothing
• Transportation & Logistics
• Agriculture
• Automotive
• Gems & Jewellery
• Capital Goods
• Electronics
• Retail
• BFSI
• Hospitality
• Telecom
• Healthcare
• Plumbing
• Beauty
Current programs executed / running with NSDC:
• Ongoing: UDAAN project for training and placement of 1000 J&K youth in
multiple sectors
• Ongoing: NULM - HP for training and placement of 1000 youth from Himachal
Pradesh in electrician and plumbing trades
• Ongoing: UKSDM [Pilot] for training and placement of 60 youth from
Uttarakhand in Data Entry Operator and Beautician trades
• Ongoing: NULM - Gujarat for training of 314 youth in Retail, Data Entry
33. Operator and Bedside Assistant trades
• Ongoing: NULM - UP for training of 150 youth in data entry operator, beautician
and garment making trades
• Ongoing: Training of graduation and post graduate students of Pune University
• Executed: STAR 1 wherein we trained 2252 candidates in multiple sectors
Affiliation with Sector Skill Councils:
Affiliations already received:
• Construction SSC
• Agriculture SSC
• Plumbing SSC
• Telecom SSC
• Retail SSC
Affiliations in process:
• Beauty and Wellness SSC
• Automotive SSC
• Apparel SSC
• Hospitality SSC
• Healthcare SSC
• IT/ITeS SSC
Sahaje-Village Limited has woven some of the finest names in the technology
sector into its scheme of activities.
On its road to success, Sahaj has, as partners.
Our Key Partners
DIT, Government of India and State Governments
Intel
Oracle
CISCO
Microsoft
Hughes
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Hewlett-Packard
34. Our Service Partners
DHFL Pramerica Life Insurance Company India
IRCTC
Oxigen
Oriental Insurance Company Ltd
Uninor
WBSEDCL
PFRDA
GAAP Education
Microsoft
Ezeego1.com online travel services
Money on mobile
TVS Motors
BSEB
UIDAI
Bank of India
Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Company Limited
George Telegraph
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company
Central Bank of India
Swiss Re
Vodafone
Uninor
d.light
ING Vysya Life Insurance
35. SURVEY REPORT METHODOLOGY:
Survey Report Design : Descriptive Survey Report
Survey Report Instrument : Structured, un-disguised
Sample Method : Non-Probability Sampling
Sample Size : 50
Sampling Design : Convenience Sampling
Sources of Data
Primary Data : Structured Non-Disguised Questionnaire
Secondary Data : Reference from distributors & banks.
The whole study is based upon primary and secondary data. Therefore, information has been
collected from interacting with different investors and from various magazines, journals,
websites, and bulletins.
LIST OF INFORMATION REQUIRED
Primary Data: Primary data are generated when a particular problem and hand is investigated
by the Survey Reporter employing mail questionnaire, telephone survey, personal interviews,
observations, and experiments.
METHOD USED IN COLLECTION OF DATA
1. Personal Interview: In personal interview, the investigator questions the respondents in
a face-to-face meeting. Personal interviews may be conducted on a door-to-door basis or
in public places such as shopping centers. The usual approach for the interviewer is to
identify himself to a potential respondent and attempt to secure the respondent's co-
operation in answering a list of predetermined questions. These answers may be tape-
recorded or written down by the interviewer.
Advantages
a. It requires relatively shorter period of time to complete.
36. b. Survey Reporter can procure many different types of information.
c. The amount of information procured on each aspects is larger.
d. The results can be Survey ed to the relevant universe with a greater degree of accuracy.
Disadvantages
a. The cost per completed interview is relatively higher as compared to other methods.
b. The investigator may have to face relatively more difficulties in administering the
interview schedule.
c. The investigators themselves may involve in cheating which is very difficult to detect.
2. Telephone Survey: In telephone survey, prospective respondents are telephoned, usually
at homes, and asked to answer a series of questions over the telephone.
This form of the survey technique has become more popular in recent years in advanced
countries more people are having telephones at their houses.
Advantages
a. It can be conducted at a lower cost as compared with personal interviews.
b. The interviews can be completed very quickly. Thus, speed is the most significant
advantage.
Disadvantages
a. The information on each aspect can be obtained to a limited extent.
b. Visual aids cannot be used.
c. It is difficult to keep respondents on the phone for any length of time if the survey is not
of keen interest to them.
37. TYPE OF SAMPLING USED
We used non-probability type of sampling.
In non-probability sampling, the chance of any particular unit in the population being selected is
unknown. Since randomness is not involved in the selection process, an estimate of the sampling
error cannot be made. But this does not mean that the findings obtained from non-probability
sampling are of questionable value. If properly conducted their findings can be as accurate as
those obtained from probability sampling.
Convenience Sampling
As the name implies, a convenience sample is one chosen purely for expedience (e.g., items are
selected because they are easy or cheap to find and measure.
While few analysts would find credibility in conclusions from such extreme cases, the
inappropriateness of using convenience sampling to estimate universe values is not widely
recognized. The major problem with this (and other non-probability method) is that one is
unable to draw objective inference about a rigorously defined universe. In practice, it is often
found that the response given by "convenient" items in a universe differ significantly from the
responses given by universe items that are less accessible. As a result, unless one is dealing with
a known highly homogeneous universe (virtually all items responding alike), convenience
sampling should not be used to estimate universe values.
Sample Size
The sample size taken in the Survey work is 50. The area selected is Varanasi and its
surrounding area.
Convenience sampling method was used in this study because of the constraints like cost and
time.
38. 50%
20%
24%
6%
OCCUPATION OF PERSONS
Government
employee
Private employee
Businessmen
Retired
46%
48%
6%
AGE GROUP
20-40 year 40-60 year Above 60 years
FINDINGS
FINDINGS: - There are 76% people who are investing & in this 76% there are 50% people in
government service, 20% in private job & 24% people are businessmen & 6% are retired.
39. FINDINGS: - There are 48% people in age group 40-60 years and 46% of people in 20-40 years
and rest 6% are Above 60 years.
FINDINGS: - When I have analyze the Survey then I found that in out of total people 24%
people are not investing & 76% people are investing.
76%
24%
INTEREST IN INVESTMENT
Interested Not Interested
32%
31%
7%
23%
7%
AREA OF INVESTMENT
Fixed deposit
Property
Mutual Funds
Insurance
Share
40. FINDINGS: - In area of investment 32% people interest in fixed deposit and 31% people
interested in property & 7% in share and same in Mutual funds & 23% investing in insurance in
this finding some people interested in two area of investment.
FINDINGS: - In survey 92% of people are satisfied with investment and 8% are not satisfied
with our investment.
92%
8%
SATISFIED WITH INVESTMENT
Satisfied with investment Not satisfied with investment
7%
19%
46%
16%
12%
MUTUAL FUND INVESTMENT
UTI Reliance mutual fund
SBI mutual fund ICICI prudential mutual fund
Other
41. FINDINGS: - In this survey 46% people are interest to buy SBI mutual fund and 19% people to
invest in reliance, 16% in ICICI mutual fund and 7% in UTI and 12% interested in investing in
different mutual funds.
FINDINGS: - In investment 72% people expected return between 10% to 30% and 18% people
expect less than 10% return and remain 10% people expected above 30% return.
18%
72%
10%
EXPECTED RETURN
less than 10% Between 10% to 30% Above 30%
76%
16%
8%
RISK FACTOR
Minimum risk Moderate risk High risk
42. FINDINGS: - In risk factor 76% people take minimum risk in investment and 16% people take
moderate risk only 8% people take high risk for more return on investment.
FINDINGS: - In Survey 64% of people invested between Rs 5000 to 25000 and 26% people
invested above Rs 25000 only 10% people invested only Rs 5000.
10%
64%
26%
MONEY INVESTED
5000
5000-25000
Above 25000
8%
50%
42%
HOW LONG INVESTED
Less than 1 year Between 1 to 3 year More than 3 year
43. FINDINGS: - In Survey 50% investors are interest in 1 to 3 years of investment and 42% are
interested in more than 3 years of investment only 8% investors are interested in short term
investment.
FINDINGS:- In Survey 75% investors think that investment is safe and 25% think that it is not
safe.
75%
25%
Is investment in mutual fund safe?
Yes
No
44. FINDINGS:- In Survey 89% investors think that mutual fund can give higher return and 11%
think that mutual fund cannot give higher return it can give only normally 15- 20% return.
89%
11%
Mutual fund can give higher
return?
Yes
No
45. FINDINGS:- In Survey 81% investor think that future of mutual fund will be good and 19%
think that future of mutual fund will not be as such good as it is.
81%
19%
Future of mutual fund
Good
Not good
46. Analysis
&
Interpretation
PEOPLE CONSIDERS VARIOUS FACTORSWHILE INVESTING IN MUTUAL FUND
Options Responses Percentages (%)
Returns 49 49
Tax saving 26 26
Liquidity 16 16
Risk free 9 9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5
%ofresponse
options
People consider various factor while investing in
mutual fund
Series1
47. PEOPLE CONSIDER VARIOUS BASES FOR INVESTING IN ANY PARTICULAR FUND
OPTIONS RESPONSES RESPONSES IN %
Past performance of fund 64 64
Portfolio of fund 36 36
Series1
1
2
64
36
responses in
%
options
people consider various bases while investing in
any particular fund
48. PREFERENCE OF VARIOUS MUTUAL FUNDS OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES
17%
18%
11%
18%
28%
8%
preference of various funds of different peoples
1
2
3
4
5
6
Options Responses Responses in %
Franklin Templeton 17 17
HDFC 19 19
Reliance 11 11
ICICI 18 18
SBI 29 29
Any other 8 8
49. PEOPLE INVEST THE DIFFERENT % OF SAVING IN MUTUAL FUNDS
46
33
15
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4
responsesin%
options
peoples invest the different % of savings in
mutual funds
Sr.no Options Responses Responses in %
1 10-20% 46 46
2 20-30% 33 33
3 50% 15 15
4 More than 50% 6 6
50. PEOPLE EXPECTATIONS OF RETURN FROMDIFFERENT FUNDS
Sr.no Options Responses Responses in %
1 10-20% 32 32
2 20-30% 45 45
3 50% 9 9
4 More than 50% 4 4
32
45
9
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4
returnsin%
options
people expectations of returns from different funds
51. PREFERED MODE OF INVESTMENT
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
mutual
fund
Direct
equity
market
others
mutual fund
Bank FD's
Direct equity
market
insurance
others
Sr.no Options Responses (%)
1 Mutual Funds 48
2 Bank FD’s 45
3 Direct Equity Market 38
4 Insurance 35
5 Others 72
52. PREFERED SCHEMES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
Balanced Fund,
20%
ELSS Funds,
18%
EquityFund,
50%
Debt Fund12%
Sr.no Options Responses
1 Debt Fund 12%
2 Balanced Fund 20%
3 Equity Fund 50%
4 ELSS Fund 18%
53. SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT MUTUAL FUNDS
40%
22%
38% Print Media
Internet
T.V
Sr.no Options Responses
1 Print Media 40%
2 Internet 22%
3 Television 38%
55. CONCLUSION
The end of millennium marks 44 years of existence of mutual funds in this country. The ride
through these 44 years is not been smooth .Investors opinion is still divided .while some are for
the mutual funds others are against it.
Mutual Funds (MF) have become one of the most attractive ways for the average person to invest
his money. It is said that Bank investment is the first priority of people to invest their savings and
the second place is for investment in Mutual Funds and other avenues. A Mutual Fund pools
resources from thousands of investors and then diversifies its investment into many different
holdings such as stocks, bonds, or Government securities in order to provide high relative safety
and returns. . Also generate leads of the prospective investors in Mutual Funds for the Asset
Management Company (AMC)
There are many improvements pending in the field and it has to happen as soon as possible so as
to call the MF industry as an Organized and well-developed sector.
56. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Tapping the upcoming market - Semi Urban Market as there is a lot of opportunity.
Most of the Mutual Funds are operating in the metros and big cities as per their present
branch office locations. If they have to increase their market size they have to open more
distribution centers at the various urban and semi-urban markets.
2. To create the awareness about the different products of Mutual Fund and not about the
generic product. Various respondents were not aware of the mutual fund products and the
type of mutual fund schemes and the risk associated with mutual fund products.
3. To provide some kind of curriculum at the school/college level to create awareness
regarding Mutual Fund.
58. QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of customer :
Address :
City :
Telephone no. :
Mobile no. :
E-mail address :
1) Occupation Government Employee
Private Employee
Businessmen
Retired
2) Age Group 20-40 years
40-60 years
Above 60 years
3) Annual house hold income Less than 1.5 lakh
Between 1.5 to 3 lakh
Between 3 to 5 lakh
Above 5 lakh
59. 4) You are interested in investment Yes
No
5) Do you have any existing investment Yes
No
If Yes in which area
6) Where do you make investment Fixed Deposit
Property
Mutual Funds
Insurance
Shares
7) You are satisfied with our investment Yes
No
If No, why? Reason
8) You want to invest for Children Education
Retirement
House
Vacation Abroad
Any Other
60. 9) For which company’s mutual fund or Banks mutual fund you are interested
UTI
Reliance Mutual Fund
SBI Mutual Fund
ICICI Prudential
Mutual Fund
Other mention here
10) What is your expected return Less than 10%
Between 10% to 30%
Above 30%
11) How much risk you can take Minimum Risk
Moderate Risk
High Risk
12) How much money you can invest 5000
5000-25000
Above 25000
13) How long you can invest Less than 1 year
Between 1 to 3 year
More than 3 year
61. 14) Why investment in mutual fund is good? Give reason.
15) Are investment in mutual fund units safe? Yes
No
16) What do you think mutual fund can give a higher return? Yes
No
17) What is the future of mutual fund it will perform good or not?
Yes
No
18) Which is more profitable FD or mutual fund? FD
Mutual fund