Definition of counseling; Guidance and counseling; Why counseling; Who is a counselor; When is a counselor not ready to counsel; Who needs counseling; Ten steps to counseling; Counseling stages
■Counseling and Guidance Services
■Theories of Counseling.
1. 1
INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO
COUNSELINGCOUNSELING
TopicsTopics
■■Definition of counselingDefinition of counseling
■■Guidance and counselingGuidance and counseling
■■Why counselingWhy counseling
■■Who is a counselorWho is a counselor
■■When is a counselor not ready to counselWhen is a counselor not ready to counsel
■■Who needs counselingWho needs counseling
■■Ten steps to counselingTen steps to counseling
■■ Counseling stagesCounseling stages
■■Counseling and Guidance ServicesCounseling and Guidance Services
■■Theories of Counseling.Theories of Counseling.Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
2. COUNSELINGCOUNSELING
Counseling is a developmental process,Counseling is a developmental process,
in which one individual (the counselor)in which one individual (the counselor)
provides to another individual orprovides to another individual or
group (the client), guidance andgroup (the client), guidance and
encouragement, challenge andencouragement, challenge and
inspiration in creatively managing andinspiration in creatively managing and
resolving practical, personal andresolving practical, personal and
relationship issues, in achieving goals,relationship issues, in achieving goals,
and in self-realization.and in self-realization.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
3. Guidance is a group of plannedGuidance is a group of planned
services that include counseling, itservices that include counseling, it
provides the trainee withprovides the trainee with
miscellaneous information tomiscellaneous information to
upgrade his feeling of responsibility,upgrade his feeling of responsibility,
understand himself and know hisunderstand himself and know his
abilities and provide guidanceabilities and provide guidance
services to trainees.services to trainees.
GUIDANCEGUIDANCE
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
4. The concept of guidance and counseling reflect a commonThe concept of guidance and counseling reflect a common
meaning that includes awareness, assistance and change ofmeaning that includes awareness, assistance and change of
behavior to the better, but still there is a difference betweenbehavior to the better, but still there is a difference between
the two concepts-the two concepts-
Guidance is more general and comprehensive thanGuidance is more general and comprehensive than
counseling, it therefore includes counseling.counseling, it therefore includes counseling.
Guidance usually precedes counseling and paves the wayGuidance usually precedes counseling and paves the way
for it. Counseling follows guidance.for it. Counseling follows guidance.
Guidance stresses the theoretical aspect while counselingGuidance stresses the theoretical aspect while counseling
takes care of the practical aspect.takes care of the practical aspect.
Counseling is usually the relationship between the teacherCounseling is usually the relationship between the teacher
and the student who comes for assistance; therefore it is anand the student who comes for assistance; therefore it is an
individualistic relationship.individualistic relationship.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELINGGUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
5. Deaths within theDeaths within the
family and friendsfamily and friends
and work associatesand work associates
InjuryInjury
DivorceDivorce
MarriageMarriage
StressStress
UnemploymentUnemployment
Change of jobsChange of jobs
WarWar
DisasterDisaster
BirthBirth
•Physical violencePhysical violence
•Sexual violenceSexual violence
•SexualSexual
discriminationdiscrimination
•Sexual abuseSexual abuse
•Abusive languageAbusive language
•IntoleranceIntolerance
•NegligenceNegligence
WHY COUNSELINGWHY COUNSELING
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
6. WHO IS A COUNSELOR?WHO IS A COUNSELOR?
A counselor is an individual who-A counselor is an individual who-
•Understands the feelings of a client and treats it as factUnderstands the feelings of a client and treats it as fact
•Keeps all information confidentialKeeps all information confidential
•Facilitates discussions on the issues in questionFacilitates discussions on the issues in question
•Builds self-esteem of the clientBuilds self-esteem of the client
•Reassures if the client is insecureReassures if the client is insecure
•Solicits the client’s own feelings and ideas for solutionsSolicits the client’s own feelings and ideas for solutions
•Be empathetic to the client and show careBe empathetic to the client and show care
•Has patienceHas patience
•Does not get distracted during interaction with clientDoes not get distracted during interaction with client
•Builds confidenceBuilds confidence
•Considers the client’s long and medium term goalsConsiders the client’s long and medium term goals
•Avoids acting like an expertAvoids acting like an expert
•Has a BIG ear and SMALL mouth so is able to listenHas a BIG ear and SMALL mouth so is able to listen
more than speak.more than speak.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
7. When is a counselor not ready to counsel?When is a counselor not ready to counsel?
A counselor should not practice when S/he –A counselor should not practice when S/he –
•Lacks motivation and creativityLacks motivation and creativity
•Has prejudices against the clientHas prejudices against the client
•Has preconceptions about the issues facedHas preconceptions about the issues faced
by the clientby the client
•Feels social distance between themselvesFeels social distance between themselves
and their clientand their client
•Feels insecure and lacks self confidenceFeels insecure and lacks self confidence
•Be impulsive to clients commentsBe impulsive to clients comments
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
8. Who needs counseling?Who needs counseling?
•A person is always irritatedA person is always irritated
•AngryAngry
•Is distrustful of peopleIs distrustful of people
•Always suspiciousAlways suspicious
•Lacks self confidenceLacks self confidence
•Always in doubtAlways in doubt
•In apathy about lifeIn apathy about life
•Shows anxiety about the futureShows anxiety about the future
•Resents life and familyResents life and family
•Remains isolatedRemains isolated
•Lacks willingness to take any initiativesLacks willingness to take any initiatives
•Shows territorial behavior.Shows territorial behavior.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
9. Ten Steps to CounselingTen Steps to Counseling
The ten steps to counseling are to establish basic groundThe ten steps to counseling are to establish basic ground
rules in what you do and how you operate.rules in what you do and how you operate.
1.1.Encourage the client to talk about the feelingEncourage the client to talk about the feeling
2.2.Validate the feeling with reflective listeningValidate the feeling with reflective listening
3.3.Let the client have the chance to speakLet the client have the chance to speak
4.4.Provide missing information where neededProvide missing information where needed
5.5.Talk about the client’s views and goalsTalk about the client’s views and goals
6.6.Communicate what it takes to get to the to the point neededCommunicate what it takes to get to the to the point needed
7.7.Observe signs of trouble and prepare for possible violenceObserve signs of trouble and prepare for possible violence
and threatsand threats
8.8.Encourage client to develop positive energy towards devisingEncourage client to develop positive energy towards devising
a solutiona solution
9.9.Establish a regular schedule for follow-up discussions andEstablish a regular schedule for follow-up discussions and
give feedbackgive feedback
10.10.Agree on what steps are needed to be taken by the client toAgree on what steps are needed to be taken by the client to
change the current situation.change the current situation.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
10. COUNSELING PROCESSCOUNSELING PROCESS
STAGE ONESTAGE ONE
Forming rapport and gaining the client’s trustForming rapport and gaining the client’s trust
•Assuring confidentiality and discussing limits ofAssuring confidentiality and discussing limits of
confidentialityconfidentiality
•Allowing ventilationAllowing ventilation
•Allowing expression of feelingsAllowing expression of feelings
•Exploring the problem(s), asking the client to tellExploring the problem(s), asking the client to tell
their storytheir story
•Clarifying client expectations of counselingClarifying client expectations of counseling
•Describing what the counselors can offer and theirDescribing what the counselors can offer and their
method of workingmethod of working
•Statement from the counselor about theirStatement from the counselor about their
commitment to work with the client.commitment to work with the client.Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
11. STAGE TWOSTAGE TWO
Definition and understanding of roles,Definition and understanding of roles,
boundaries and needsboundaries and needs
•Explaining roles and boundaries of theExplaining roles and boundaries of the
counseling relationshipcounseling relationship
•Establishing and clarifying client goals andEstablishing and clarifying client goals and
needsneeds
•Prioritizing client goals and needsPrioritizing client goals and needs
•Detailed history taking – telling the story inDetailed history taking – telling the story in
specific detailspecific detail
•Exploring client beliefs, knowledge andExploring client beliefs, knowledge and
concerns.concerns.
COUNSELING PROCESSCOUNSELING PROCESS
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
12. COUNSELING PROCESSCOUNSELING PROCESS
STAGE THREESTAGE THREE
Process of ongoing supportive counselingProcess of ongoing supportive counseling
•Continued expression of thoughts and feelingsContinued expression of thoughts and feelings
•Identifying optionsIdentifying options
•Identifying existing coping skillsIdentifying existing coping skills
•Development of further coping skillsDevelopment of further coping skills
•Evaluating options and their implicationsEvaluating options and their implications
•Enabling behavior changeEnabling behavior change
•Supporting and sustaining work on clientSupporting and sustaining work on client
problemsproblems
•Monitoring progress towards identified goalsMonitoring progress towards identified goals
•Altering plans as requiredAltering plans as required
Referral as appropriate.Referral as appropriate.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
13. COUNSELING PROCESSCOUNSELING PROCESS
STAGE FOURSTAGE FOUR
Closure or ending the counseling relationshipClosure or ending the counseling relationship
•Client acting upon plansClient acting upon plans
•Client managing and coping with daily functioningClient managing and coping with daily functioning
•Existence of a support system and supports beingExistence of a support system and supports being
accessedaccessed
•Identification of strategies for maintenance ofIdentification of strategies for maintenance of
changechange
•Closure discussed and plannedClosure discussed and planned
•Appointment intervals lengthenedAppointment intervals lengthened
•Available resources and referrals identified andAvailable resources and referrals identified and
accessedaccessed
•Assurance provided to the client of the option toAssurance provided to the client of the option to
return to counseling if necessary.return to counseling if necessary.Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
14. Counseling and Guidance ServicesCounseling and Guidance Services
Religious CounselingReligious Counseling:: The counselor cooperatesThe counselor cooperates
with the Institute in urging the trainee to attendwith the Institute in urging the trainee to attend
congregational prayer and implant Islamic valuescongregational prayer and implant Islamic values
and Islamic doctrine into them through religiousand Islamic doctrine into them through religious
contests, lectures and connect activities andcontests, lectures and connect activities and
curricular with these Islamic values.curricular with these Islamic values.
Preventive Counseling:Preventive Counseling: The preventiveThe preventive
counseling tries to prevent the occurrence ofcounseling tries to prevent the occurrence of
problems regarding study and training and it alsoproblems regarding study and training and it also
tries to prevent social, psychological and healthtries to prevent social, psychological and health
problems through inculcating awareness programs.problems through inculcating awareness programs.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
15. Educational Counseling:Educational Counseling: TheThe
educational counseling aims ateducational counseling aims at
assisting the trainee to proceedassisting the trainee to proceed
with his studies smoothly bywith his studies smoothly by
receiving new trainees andreceiving new trainees and
selection of gifted trainees andselection of gifted trainees and
trainees who stagger in theirtrainees who stagger in their
studies and set special programsstudies and set special programs
that help develop their talentsthat help develop their talents
and capabilities.and capabilities.
Counseling and Guidance ServicesCounseling and Guidance Services
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
16. Vocational and Educational Counseling:Vocational and Educational Counseling: TheThe
Educational and Vocational Counseling aims atEducational and Vocational Counseling aims at
educating the trainees about the various types ofeducating the trainees about the various types of
vocational and university education and the typesvocational and university education and the types
of jobs and conditions of admission andof jobs and conditions of admission and
employment at institutes, centers, militaryemployment at institutes, centers, military
vocational institutes and colleges in order to assistvocational institutes and colleges in order to assist
in connecting education with development plans.in connecting education with development plans.
Social and Ethical Counseling:Social and Ethical Counseling: Social and EthicalSocial and Ethical
Counseling aims at finding the suitableCounseling aims at finding the suitable
environment which enables the trainee to acquireenvironment which enables the trainee to acquire
skills and expertise in order to interact with othersskills and expertise in order to interact with others
in accordance with the Islamic teachings.in accordance with the Islamic teachings.
Counseling and Guidance ServicesCounseling and Guidance Services
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
17. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
A.A. Psychoanalytical TheoryPsychoanalytical Theory
(Sigmund Freud)(Sigmund Freud)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Structure of PersonalityStructure of Personality
Developmental StagesDevelopmental Stages
Ego Defense MechanismsEgo Defense Mechanisms
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
18. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
B. Individual PsychologyB. Individual Psychology
(Alfred Adler)(Alfred Adler)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
19. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
C. Person CenteredC. Person Centered
(Carl Rogers)(Carl Rogers)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
20. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
D. Existential CounselingD. Existential Counseling
(Rollo May and Viktor Frankl)(Rollo May and Viktor Frankl)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
21. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
E. Gestalt (Fritz Perls)E. Gestalt (Fritz Perls)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
22. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
F. RationalEmotive TherapyF. RationalEmotive Therapy
(Albert Ellis)(Albert Ellis)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
23. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
G. Transactional AnalysisG. Transactional Analysis
(Eric Berne)(Eric Berne)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
24. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
H. Behavioral TheoriesH. Behavioral Theories
(B. F. Skinner)(B. F. Skinner)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
25. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
I.I. Reality therapyReality therapy
(William Glasser)(William Glasser)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
26. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
C. Person CenteredC. Person Centered
(Carl Rogers)(Carl Rogers)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
27. THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
C. Person CenteredC. Person Centered
(Carl Rogers)(Carl Rogers)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar
Topics
■Definition of counseling ■Guidance and counseling ■Why counseling ■Who is a counselor ■When is a counselor not ready to counsel ■Who needs counseling ■Ten steps to counseling ■ Counseling stages ■Counseling and Guidance Services ■Theories of Counseling.
Counseling is a developmental process, in which one individual (the counselor) provides to another individual or group (the client), guidance and encouragement, challenge and inspiration in creatively managing and resolving practical, personal and relationship issues, in achieving goals, and in self-realization.
Guidance is a group of planned services that include counseling, it provides the trainee with miscellaneous information to upgrade his feeling of responsibility, understand himself and know his abilities and provide guidance services to trainees.
The concept of guidance and counseling reflect a common meaning that includes awareness, assistance and change of behavior to the better, but still there is a difference between the two concepts-
Guidance is more general and comprehensive than counseling, it therefore includes counseling.
Guidance usually precedes counseling and paves the way for it. Counseling follows guidance.
Guidance stresses the theoretical aspect while counseling takes care of the practical aspect.
Counseling is usually the relationship between the teacher and the student who comes for assistance; therefore it is an individualistic relationship.
Why Counseling
A vast majority of people are well prepared physically and psychologically to cope with many negative physical and psychological events that take place during their lifetime, these can be:
Deaths within the family and friends and work associates
Injury
Divorce
Marriage
Stress
Unemployment
Change of jobs
War
Disaster
Birth
Who is a Counselor?
A counselor is an individual who:
Understands the feelings of a client and treats it as fact
Keeps all information confidential
Facilitates discussions on the issues in question
Builds self-esteem of the client
Reassures if the client is insecure
Solicits the client’s own feelings and ideas for solutions
Be empathetic to the client and show care
Has patience
Does not get distracted during interaction with client
Builds confidence
Considers the client’s long and medium term goals
Avoids acting like an expert
Has a BIG ear and SMALL mouth so is able to listen more than speak.
When is a counselor not ready to counsel?
A counselor should not practice when he or she -
Lacks motivation and creativity
Has prejudices against the client
Has preconceptions about the issues faced by the client
Feels social distance between themselves and their client
Feels insecure and lacks self confidence
Be impulsive to clients comments
Who needs counseling?
Classically you could say all of us need it sometime in our lives, however it is specifically needed when -
A person is always irritated
Angry
Is distrustful of people
Always suspicious
Lacks self confidence
Always in doubt
In apathy about life
Shows anxiety about the future
Resents life and family
Remains isolated
Lacks willingness to take any initiatives
Shows territorial behavior.
Ten Steps to Counseling
The ten steps to counseling are to establish basic ground rules in what you do and how you operate. These ten steps are -
Encourage the client to talk about the feeling
Validate the feeling with reflective listening
Let the client have the chance to speak
Provide missing information where needed
Talk about the client’s views and goals
Communicate what it takes to get to the to the point needed
Observe signs of trouble and prepare for possible violence and threats
Encourage client to develop positive energy towards devising a solution
Establish a regular schedule for follow-up discussions and give feedback
Agree on what steps are needed to be taken by the client to change the current situation.
Counseling process
STAGE ONE
Forming rapport and gaining the client’s trust
Assuring confidentiality and discussing limits of confidentiality
Allowing ventilation
Allowing expression of feelings
Exploring the problem(s), asking the client to tell their story
Clarifying client expectations of counseling
Describing what the counselors can offer and their method of working
Statement from the counselor about their commitment to work with the client.
STAGE TWO
Definition and understanding of roles, boundaries and needs
Explaining roles and boundaries of the counseling relationship
Establishing and clarifying client goals and needs
Prioritizing client goals and needs
Detailed history taking – telling the story in specific detail
Exploring client beliefs, knowledge and concerns.
STAGE THREE
Process of ongoing supportive counseling
Continued expression of thoughts and feelings
Identifying options
Identifying existing coping skills
Development of further coping skills
Evaluating options and their implications
Enabling behavior change
Supporting and sustaining work on client problems
Monitoring progress towards identified goals
Altering plans as required
Referral as appropriate.
STAGE FOUR
Closure or ending the counseling relationship
Client acting upon plans
Client managing and coping with daily functioning
Existence of a support system and supports being accessed
Identification of strategies for maintenance of change
Closure discussed and planned
Appointment intervals lengthened
Available resources and referrals identified and accessed
Assurance provided to the client of the option to return to counseling if necessary.
Counseling and Guidance Services
Religious Counseling: The counselor cooperates with the Institute in urging the trainee to attend congregational prayer and implant Islamic values and Islamic doctrine into them through religious contests, lectures and connect activities and curricular with these Islamic values.
Preventive Counseling: The preventive counseling tries to prevent the occurrence of problems regarding study and training and it also tries to prevent social, psychological and health problems through inculcating awareness programs.
Educational Counseling: The educational counseling aims at assisting the trainee to proceed with his studies smoothly by receiving new trainees and selection of gifted trainees and trainees who stagger in their studies and set special programs that help develop their talents and capabilities.
Vocational and Educational Counseling: The Educational and Vocational Counseling aims at educating the trainees about the various types of vocational and university education and the types of jobs and conditions of admission and employment at institutes, centers, military vocational institutes and colleges in order to assist in connecting education with development plans.
Social and Ethical Counseling: Social and Ethical Counseling aims at finding the suitable environment which enables the trainee to acquire skills and expertise in order to interact with others in accordance with the Islamic teachings.
Educational Counseling: The educational counseling aims at assisting the trainee to proceed with his studies smoothly by receiving new trainees and selection of gifted trainees and trainees who stagger in their studies and set special programs that help develop their talents and capabilities.
Vocational and Educational Counseling: The Educational and Vocational Counseling aims at educating the trainees about the various types of vocational and university education and the types of jobs and conditions of admission and employment at institutes, centers, military vocational institutes and colleges in order to assist in connecting education with development plans.
Social and Ethical Counseling: Social and Ethical Counseling aims at finding the suitable environment which enables the trainee to acquire skills and expertise in order to interact with others in accordance with the Islamic teachings.
A. Psychoanalytical Theory (Sigmund Freud)
View of Human Nature
Structure of Personality
Developmental Stages
Ego Defense Mechanisms
Role of the Counselor
Goals of therapy
Techniques