Technology in/for Education (unit 8) - UGC NET Education Paper II

Unit 8
Technology
in/ for
Education
K.THIYAGU,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Education,
Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod
Unit 8: Technology in/for Education - UGC NET Education 1

Part A
Educational Technology (ET)
• Concept of Educational Technology (ET) as a
Discipline: Information Technology,
Communication Technology & Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) and
Instructional Technology
• Applications of Educational Technology in
formal, non formal (Open and Distance
Learning), informal and inclusive education
systems
• Overview of Behaviourist, Cognitive and
Constructivist Theories and their implications to
Instructional Design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel,
Bruner, Vygotsky)
• Relationship between Learning Theories and
Instructional Strategies (for large and small
groups, formal and non formal groups)

Part B
• Systems Approach to Instructional
Design
• Models of Development of Instructional
Design (ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey
Model Mason’s)
• Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction and
Five E’s of Constructivism, Nine
Elements of Constructivist Instructional
Design,
• Application of Computers in Education:
CAI, CAL, CBT, CML, Concept, Process of
preparing ODLM, Concept of e learning,
• Approaches to elearning (Offline, Online,
Synchronous, Asynchronous, Blended
learning, mobile learning)

Part C Emerging Trends in e-learning
• Social learning (concept , use of web 2.0
tools for learning, social networking sites,
blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion
forum),
• Open Education Resources (Creative
Common, Massive Open Online Courses;
Concept and application)
• E-Inclusion - Concept of E-Inclusion,
Application of Assistive technology in E-
learning
• Quality of E-Learning – Measuring quality of
system: Information, System, Service, User
Satisfaction and Net Benefits (D&M IS
Success Model, 2003)
• Ethical Issues for E-Learner and E-Teacher -
Teaching, Learning and Research

Part D
Use of ICT in Evaluation,
Administration and
Research
• E portfolios
• ICT for Research
• Online Repositories and
Online Libraries
• Online and Offline
assessment tool
• Online survey tools or test
generators – Concept and
Development.

Educational
Technology
(ET)
Part A
K.THIYAGU,
UGC NET Material Education
Paper II
(Applicable from June 2019)

Part A
Educational Technology (ET)
• Concept of Educational Technology (ET) as a
Discipline: Information Technology,
Communication Technology & Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) and
• Applications of Educational Technology in
formal, non formal (Open and Distance
Learning), informal and inclusive education
systems
• Overview of Behaviourist, Cognitive and
Constructivist Theories and their implications to
Instructional Design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel,
Bruner, Vygotsky)
• Relationship between Learning Theories and
Instructional Strategies (for large and small
groups, formal and non formal groups)

Educational
Technology
(ET) as a
Discipline
Information
Technology
Communication
Technology
Information
and
Communication
Technology
Instructional
Technology

Information Technology
Information Technology refers to devices
(hardware) and algorithms or programs
(software) used to store, retrieve and
process data. In simple terms, it refers to all
computer applications and devices.
Information Technology is all about how
computers work and what they can do

Communication Technology
Communication Technology includes electronic systems used
for communication between individuals or groups not
physically present at the same location.
It is about ways people can talk or write to each other and
exchange messages, pictures or sounds.
Communication Technology is about facilitating
communication between people.
Communication technology includes not only computers, but
also telephones, radios, faxes and other devices.

Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)
Information and
Communication Technology
can simply be defined in its
simplest form as an
electronic medium for
creating, storing,
manipulating receiving and
sending information from
one place to another.
It makes message delivery
faster, more convenient,
easy to access, understand
and interpret. It uses
gadgets such as cell phones,
the Internet, wireless
network, computer, radio,
television, Satellites, base
stations etc.
These resources are used to
create, store, communicate,
transmit and manage
information.

Parameter of
Comparison
ICT IT
Field
Information and
Communications
Technology is associated
with the field of education.
Information Technology is
associated with the field of
computers, software,
networks, etc.
Function
The function of Information
and Communications
Technology is to help make
the process of
communication and
attaining and imparting
information better with the
help of technology.
The function of Information
Technology is to help attain an
efficient way or method for
the management of
information, with the help of
technology.
Place of use
Information and
Communications
Technology is used in
academic institutions and
purposes.
Information Technology is
used in corporate and other
huge, complex companies and
institutions.
Industry or
extension
ICT can be considered as an
extensional term or simply
as an extension of IT,
mainly used in an academic
setup.
IT can be considered as an
industry by itself, used for
efficient management of
information, mainly used in
software, networking, etc.

is the theory and practice
of design, development,
utilization, management,
and evaluation of
processes and resources
for learning.
Association for Educational Communications
and Technology (AECT)
Seels, B. B., & Richey, R. C. (1994). Instructional technology: The
definition and domains of the field. Washington, DC: Association
for Educational Communications and Technology.

Components of Educational Technology
Lumsdane
suggest
Educational
Technology
ET-1 or
Hardware
Approach
ET-2 or
Software
Approach
ET-3 or
System
Analysis

ET-1 / Hardware Approach
Use of Engineering machines in
teaching
Physical science + Engineering
Technology
Technology includes radio, tape
recorder, projector, computer, cctv,
mobile etc.

ET-2 / Software Approach
Instructional technology / teaching
technology of behavioural technology
Psychological principals of teaching
and learning are utilized
(use of teaching and learning
principles)

ET-3 / System Analysis
Also called management technology
Developed after world war II
It provided a scientific basis to the decision
making regarding the problems
It helps to study the problems of educational
administration and management in a scientific an
conclusive way.

Applications of Educational Technology
Formal
Classroom
Non-formal
Open Distance
Informal
Self Directed
Learning
Inclusive
Education
Systems

Applications of Educational Technology
Formal
Classroom
Visual Teaching Aids
Computer technology aid
Internet technology
Projectors
Non-formal
Open & Distance
CAI
Digital Resources
Email, Video Conferencing
Online Learning
Informal
Self Directed Learning
Internet
Social Apps
E-mail
Websites
E-library,
Blogs
Inclusive
Education Systems
OCR
Communication Tools
Tablets
Talking Books
Voice Recognition

Behaviorist Theories
Focus on the behaviour of the learner and changes in
behaviour that occurs when learning takes place
Behaviourist
Classical
Conditioning
(Ivan
Pavlov)
Operant
Conditioning
(B.F
.
Skinner)
Trial & Error
Method
Thorndike

Cognitive Theories
Focus on the mental process including how
people think perceived to solve problems. It
focuses the processing of information with
the pre-existing one.
Cognitive
Jean
Piaget
Robert
Gagne
Lev
Vygotsky

Constructivism Theories
Focus on the construct own understanding and
knowledge of the world through previous experiences.
Constructivism
Jean Piaget
Scheme
Assimilation
Acomodation
Equiuilbrium
Vygotsky
ZPD

Instructional Design
Application of Computers in Education
E-Learning
Part B
K.THIYAGU,
Paper II

Part B
• Systems Approach to Instructional
Design
• Models of Development of Instructional
Design (ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey
Model Mason’s)
• Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction and
Five E’s of Constructivism, Nine
Elements of Constructivist Instructional
Design,
• Application of Computers in Education:
CAI, CAL, CBT, CML, Concept, Process of
preparing ODLM, Concept of e learning,
• Approaches to elearning (Offline, Online,
Synchronous, Asynchronous, Blended
learning, mobile learning)

Systems Approach
• Systems approach is based on the
generalization that everything is inter-
related and interdependent.
• A system is composed of related and
dependent element which when in
interaction, forms a unitary whole.
• A system is simply an assemblage or
combination of things or parts forming
a complex whole.

Instructional Design
• Instructional design is the process by which learning
products and experiences are designed, developed,
and delivered. These learning products include online
courses, instructional manuals, video tutorials,
learning simulations, etc.
• Instructional designers are the 'architects' of the
learning experience and the 'directors' of the
Instructional Systems Design ISD process.
• Instructional design is the creation of learning
experiences and materials in a manner that results in
the acquisition and application of knowledge and
skills. The discipline follows a system of assessing
needs, designing a process, developing materials and
evaluating their effectiveness.

ADDIE
Dick and Carey
Assure
Backward Design
Kemp Design Model
The Kirkpatrick Model
Gerlach-Ely Model
TPACK
Situated Learning Theory
Anchored Instruction Model
Cognitive Apprenticeship
Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Flipped Classroom
Social Learning Theory: Albert Bandura
Andragogy Theory – Malcolm Knowles
Lev Vygotsky – Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive
Development
Jean Piaget - Stages of Cognitive Development
Stages of Moral Development – Lawrence
Kohlberg
Theory of Multiple Intelligences – Gardner
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Instructional Design Models

ASSURE

Dick and Carey Model

Gagne’s Nine Events of
Instruction

Five E’s of Constructivism

ENGAGE: The purpose for the
ENGAGE stage is to pique student
interest and get them personally
involved in the lesson, while pre-
assessing prior understanding.
EXPLORE: The purpose for the
EXPLORE stage is to get
students involved in the topic,
providing them with a chance
to build their own
understanding.
EXPLAIN: The purpose for the
EXPLAIN stage is to provide
students with an opportunity
to communicate what they
have learned so far and figure
out what it means.
ELABORATE: The purpose
for the ELABORATE stage is
to allow students to use
their new knowledge and
continue to explore its
implications.
EVALUATE: The purpose for the
EVALUATION stage is for both
students and teachers to
determine how much learning
and understanding has taken
place.

Application of Computers in Education:
CAI, CAL, CBT, CML, Concept
• Computer Assisted Instruction
CAI
• Computer Assisted Learning
CAL
• Computer Assisted Training
CAT
• Computer Based Training
CBT
• Computer Managed Instruction
CMI
• Compute Managed Learning
CML
CAI / CBI – A view of the computer as
delivering information to student
through step-by-step instruction (e.g.
drill-and-practice or tutorial programs
CAL/CBL/CML – encompasses learning
situations where the computer is used
as educational tool

Computer-based education (CBE) and computer-based
instruction (CBI) are the broadest terms and can refer
to virtually any kind of computer use in educational
settings.
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI): Computer Aided
Instruction (CAI) is a narrower term and most often
refers to drill-and-practice, tutorial, or simulation
activities.
Computer-managed instruction (CMI): Computer-
managed instruction is an instructional strategy
whereby the computer is used to provide learning
objectives, learning resources, record keeping, progress
tracking, and assessment of learner performance.
Computer based tools and applications are used to
assist the teacher or school administrator in the
management of the learner and instructional process.

Types of Computer
Assisted Instruction
1. Drill-and-practice Drill and practice provide opportunities or
students to repeatedly practice the skills that have previously
been presented and that further practice is necessary for
mastery.
2. Tutorial Tutorial activity includes both the presentation of
information and its extension into different forms of work,
including drill and practice, games and simulation.
3. Games Game software often creates a contest to achieve the
highest score and either beat others or beat the computer.
4. Simulation Simulation software can provide an approximation
of reality that does not require the expense of real life or its
risks.
5. Discovery Discovery approach provides a large database of
information specific to a course or content area and challenges
the learner to analyze, compare, infer and evaluate based on
their explorations of the data.
6. Problem Solving This approach helps children develop
specific problem solving skills and strategies

Process of Preparing ODLM
ODLM – Online Distance Learning Materials
While designing and
developing ODLM you
should:
• include guidelines on how to study
using the material provided
• make your content as self-explaining
as possible, and provide pointers to
prerequisite
• provide numerous examples,
preferably relating to the learners
personal/professional context
• Include assignments and self tests,
together with an elaboration of correct
and incorrect answers, self-
assessment protocols, etc.
• provide a Frequently Asked Questions
(FAQ) list
Most Essential characteristics
of ODLM:
Accessibility
Costs
Teaching functions
Interactivity

E-LEARNING
• The delivery of a learning,
training or education program
by electronic means.
• E-learning mean electronic
learning
Individualised
Self-paced
e-learning
online
Individualised
Self-paced
e-learning
offline
Group Based
e-learning
Synchronously
Group Based
e-learning
asynchronously
Modalities of e-learning

B-LEARNING • B-learning is blended learning
• Integrating lecture and e-learning

Mobile Learning m-Learning must include the ability
to learn everywhere at every time
without permanent physical
connection to cable networks.

U-learning
u = e + m
Ubiquitous learning,
an amalgam of e-learning and m-learning,
allowing learning to take place
independently of time and place.
u-Learning = e-Learning + m-Learning

Ubiquitous = pervasive, omnipresent, ever present, everywhere
Learning = educational, instructive, didactic,
Pedagogical Environment = surroundings, setting, situation, atmosphere
Meaning of Ubiquitous Learning

Pervasive
Learning
Ubiquitous
Learning
Desktop-
Computer
Assisted
Learning
Mobile
Learning
Low
High
High
Low
Level of Embeddedness
Level
of
Mobility
Classification of Learning Environment (Ogata & Yano, 2004)
Unit 8: Technology in/for Education
- UGC NET Education
54

Offline Education – Also referred to
as traditional training. Offline
Education means a student needs to
go in a school, in a classroom, and
attend a class face to face with a
teacher.
Online Education – Online Education
is a very flexible learning system
that allows students to study solely
via the internet on their own
computer at home, or wherever they
see fit.

Synchronous learning is learning in real-time with a
teacher, tutor, or facilitator at the helm of the room,
leading the discussion, encouraging active participation
in the learning material.
When taking this format online,
synchronous learning becomes synchronous e-learning.
Synchronous e-learning refers to real-time online learning
best exemplified by online classes, training sessions,
and webinars taught through an online platforms.
Asynchronous learning most frequently refers to
teacher and student interactions that occur at
different times and different locations.
You can even look at email exchanges, discussion
boards, and learning management system or
course management system activities as examples
of asynchronous e-learning.

Courtesy: https://www.lecturio.com/pulse/implementing-a-flipped-classroom-in-medical-education/

Emerging Trends in e-learning
Part C
K.THIYAGU,
Paper II

Part C Emerging Trends in e-learning
• Social learning (concept , use of web 2.0
tools for learning, social networking sites,
blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion
forum),
• Open Education Resources (Creative
Common, Massive Open Online Courses;
Concept and application)
• E-Inclusion - Concept of E-Inclusion,
Application of Assistive technology in E-
learning
• Quality of E-Learning – Measuring quality of
system: Information, System, Service, User
Satisfaction and Net Benefits (D&M IS
Success Model, 2003)
• Ethical Issues for E-Learner and E-Teacher -
Teaching, Learning and Research

Use of Web 2.0
tools for Learning
Web 2.0 (Participative or
Social Web) refers
to websites that
emphasize user-generated
content, ease of
use, participatory
culture and interoperability
for end users.
Advantages of Web 2.0:
Available at any time, any place.
Variety of media.
Ease of usage.
Learners can actively be involved in knowledge
building.
Can create dynamic learning communities.
Everybody is the author and the editor, every
edit that has been made can be tracked.
User-friendly.
Updates in the wiki are immediate and it offers
more sources for researchers.
It provides real-time discussion.
Web 2.0 examples include hosted services (Google Maps),Web applications ( Google Docs, Flickr), Video sharing
sites (YouTube), wikis (MediaWiki), blogs (WordPress), social networking (Facebook), folksonomies (Delicious),
Microblogging (Twitter), podcasting (Podcast Alley) & content hosting services and many more.

Social Networking Sites
A social networking
service (also social
networking site or social
media) is an online
platform which people
use to build social
networks or social
relationships with other
people who share similar
personal or career
interests, activities,
backgrounds or real-life
connections.
Social networking sites
Facebook
Youtube
Instagram
Twitter
Pinterst
Facebook
Linkedin
Social networking apps
Whatsapp
Messenger
Wechat
Biver
Line
Snapchat
Telegram

Blogs
A blog (a shortened
version of “weblog”)
is an online journal or
informational
website displaying
information in reverse
chronological order,
with the latest posts
appearing first, at the
top. It is a platform
where a writer or a
group of writers share
their views on an
individual subject.
WordPress
Blogger
Bhost
Tumblr
Joomla
Jimdo
Wix
Weebly
Medium

Chats
• Chat refers to the process of
communicating, interacting and/or
exchanging messages over the
Internet.
• It involves two or more individuals
that communicate through a chat-
enabled service or software.
• Chat is also known as chatting,
online chat or Internet chat.
Social networking apps
Whatsapp
Messenger
Wechat
Google Hangout
Line
Snapchat
Telegram

Video Conferencing
Video conferencing is a technology
that allows users in different
locations to hold face-to-face
meetings without having to move to
a single location together.
Google Meet
Cisco WebEx
Zoho Meeting
Zoom
GoTo Meeting
Microsoft Teams
BigBlue button

Discussion Forum
An Internet forum, or message board, is
an online discussion site where people can hold
conversations in the form of posted messages. They
differ from chat rooms in that messages are often
longer than one line of text and are at least
temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access
level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted message
might need to be approved by a moderator before it
becomes publicly visible.
Forums have a specific set of jargon associated with
them; example: a single conversation is called a
"thread", or topic.
Padlet
Flipgrid
Kialo
phpBB
MyBB
WordPress
Joomla!
Drupal
Vanilla Forums
Simple Machines Forum
FluxBB
Codoforum

Open Education Resources
(Creative Common)

Open Educational
Resources (OER) are
free and openly
licensed
educational materials
that can be used for
teaching, learning,
research, and other
purposes.
OER
=
free + legal rights to
reuse, revise, remix,
redistribute & retain
The definition OER is:
“digitized materials
offered
freely and openly
for
educators, students and self-
learners
to
use and re-use
for
teaching, learning and research”
OER
is a term that was first adopted at
UNESCO's 2002 Forum
on the Impact of Open Courseware
for
Higher Education in Developing
Countries
funded by the
Hewlett Foundation.

OER
License
Attribution
Share-Alike
Non-Commercial
No-Modify
Freedom
Access
Copy
Use
Adapt
Share
• Creative Commons (CC) Licenses give universal permission
for certain types of use of a copyright protected work.
• CC licenses can only be applied by the rights holder of the
work, or with explicit permission from the rights holder.
• CC licenses cannot be revoked.
Full Copyright:
All Rights
Reserved
Creative Commons Licenses:
Some Rights Reserved
Public Domain:
No Rights
Reserved

Licensing Possibilities / License Elements
Attribution (always)
No Commercial Use
No Derivative Works
Share Alike
74

The Licenses
Six different licenses
• Attribution
• Attribution-NoDerivs
• Attribution-ShareAlike
• Attribution-NonCommercial
• Attribution-NonCommerical-ShareAlike
• Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs

Massive Open Online Courses
❑ Online & On-campus = ‘e-learning’
❑ Online & Off-campus = online distance learning ‘ODL’
❑ Online and No-campus = MOOCs, OER, Informal Learning
Online education
@ Edinburgh

MOOC (Massive Open Online
Courses) is a new paradigm
of education for anyone,
anywhere, anytime.
The basic philosophy of
MOOCs is 3A’s
i.e.,
Anytime, Anyone, Anywhere.
Massive - enrolment numbers
Open - no mandatory qualifications
Online - fully
Course - structured
is an online course aimed at unlimited
participation and open access via the web.

Letter Expansion Meaning
M Massive • An online course designed for large number of participants
O Open • Course can be accessed by (almost) anyone anywhere as long as they
have an internet connection.
• Open as in freedom of place, pace and time
• Open to everyone without entry qualifications.
• Course can be completed for free`
O Online • Complete course online
• All aspects of course are delivered online
C Course • Unit of Study
• The course offers a full course experience including
• Educational Content
• Facilitation Interaction among peers
• Activities/Tasks, Tests, including feedback
• Some kind of (non formal) recognition options

Categories of
MOOCs
Believe in the conventional
approach where the courses are
well-structured with pre-selected
reading and reference materials.
xMOOCS Allow for dynamic development of
study material.
No pre-planned set of reading
materials and courseware,
Material will be developed through
online discussions and
collaborations among learners
taking the course across the globe.
cMOOCS

MOOCs Advantages
Sharing ideas
& knowledge Improves
cross cultural
a
relationship
Enhances
active
learning
Encourages
flipping the
classroom
Knowledge
sharing in
Discussion
Forum
No exam
fever
Peer
evaluation
Self paced
learning
Earn from
world class
universities

MOOCs Demerits
No real-time
questioning
No physical
hands-on
practical
exposures
No effective
assessment
Gradually kill
the care,
empathy and
respect

E-Inclusion

Assistive
Technology (AT)
Assistive Technology (AT): products,
equipment, and systems that enhance
learning, working, and daily living for
persons with disabilities.
Assistive technology (AT) is any item, piece
of equipment, software program, or product
system that is used to increase, maintain, or
improve the functional capabilities of
persons with disabilities.
Assistive technology helps people who have
difficulty speaking, typing, writing,
remembering, pointing, seeing, hearing,
learning, walking, and many other things.
Different disabilities require different
assistive technologies.

Types
of
AT
AT can be low-tech: communication boards made of
cardboard or fuzzy felt.
AT
AT can be high-tech: special-purpose computers.
AT
AT can be hardware: prosthetics, mounting systems, and
positioning devices.
AT
AT can be computer hardware: special switches, keyboards,
and pointing devices.
AT
AT can be computer software: screen readers and
communication programs.
AT
AT can be inclusive or specialized learning materials and
curriculum aids.
AT
AT can be specialized curricular software.
AT
AT can be much more—electronic devices, wheelchairs,
walkers, braces, educational software, power lifts, pencil
holders, eye-gaze and head trackers, and much more.
AT
Mobility aids: wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, crutches1, prosthetic
devices, and orthotic devices.
Hearing aids to help people hear or hear more clearly.
Cognitive aids: computer or electrical assistive devices, to help people with
memory, attention, or other challenges in their thinking skills.
Computer software and hardware: voice recognition programs, screen
readers, and screen enlargement applications, to help people with mobility
and sensory impairments use computers and mobile devices.
Tools such as automatic page turners, book holders, and adapted pencil
grips to help learners with disabilities participate in educational activities4
Closed captioning to allow people with hearing problems to watch movies,
television programs, and other digital media.
Physical modifications in the built environment, including ramps, grab bars,
and wider doorways to enable access to buildings, businesses, and
workplaces.
Lightweight, high-performance mobility devices that enable persons with
disabilities to play sports and be physically active.
Adaptive switches and utensils to allow those with limited motor skills to
eat, play games, and accomplish other activities.
Devices and features of devices to help perform tasks such as cooking,
dressing, and grooming; specialized handles and grips, devices that extend
reach, and lights on telephones and doorbells are a few examples.

Universal
Design for
Learning
(UDL)
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
provides the opportunity for all
students to access, participate in, and
progress in the general-education
curriculum by reducing barriers to
instruction.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is
a way of thinking about teaching and
learning that helps give all students
an equal opportunity to succeed.
This approach offers flexibility in the
ways students access material, engage
with it and show what they know.

3 Main Principles Of UDL
Representation: UDL recommends offering information in
more than one format. For example, textbooks are
primarily visual. But providing text, audio, video and
hands-on learning gives all kids a chance to access the
material in whichever way is best suited to their learning
strengths .
Action and expression: UDL suggests giving kids more
than one way to interact with the material and to show
what they’ve learned. For example, students might get to
choose between taking a pencil-and-paper test, giving an
oral presentation or doing a group project.
Engagement: UDL encourages teachers to look for multiple
ways to motivate students. Letting kids make choices and
giving them assignments that feel relevant to their lives
are some examples of how teachers can sustain students’
interest. Other common strategies include making
skillbuilding feel like a game and creating opportunities
for students to get up and move around the classroom.

Quality of E-Learning
GUI – Graphical
User Interface :
Color and
visual elements
Functions:
Buttons, links,
audio etc
Usability:
Flexibility,
Availability
Content
Quality

Measuring Quality of System:
Information, System, Service, User Satisfaction and Net
Benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003),
(DeLone–McLean Information System Success Model, 2003)

D&M IS
Success Model,
2003

Ethical Issues for E Learner
and E Teacher - Teaching,
Learning and Research
Privacy
Intellectual
Property
Network
Security
‘Netiquettes’ Plagiarism
Disrespecting
the work of
others
Misuse of
data

Use of ICT
in
Evaluation,
Administration
and
Research
Part D
K.THIYAGU,
Paper II

Part D
Use of ICT in Evaluation,
Administration and
Research
• E portfolios
• ICT for Research
• Online Repositories and
Online Libraries
• Online and Offline
assessment tool
• Online survey tools or test
generators – Concept and
Development.

E-Portfolio Digital Portfolio
or
Online Portfolio
93
ePortfolio is a collection
of
electronic evidence
assembled and managed
by a user, usually
on
the Web.
An ePortfolio
(electronic portfolio)
is an electronic collection
of evidence that
shows your learning
journey over time.
Evidence may include writing samples, photos,
videos, research projects, observations by
mentors and peers, and/or reflective thinking.
Communicate & Showcase Skills, Experience and Learning
Diverse of artifacts (an object made by human beings) 93
Unit 8: Technology in/for Education - UGC NET Education

Electronic
Reflection
Artifacts
Blogs
LinkedIn
Facebook
Paper Portfolio
ePortfolio

ICT tools are mainly used by researchers for its ability
to ease knowledge –gathering process
and to enhance resource development.
ICT for Research
ICT Tools
Search Engine
Connect with
experts and
researchers
Free Digital
Library
Data Analysis
Referencing
Write &
Publish
Research
Papers

Application
of ICT
Pre-data Analysis
Data
Analysis
Post-data analysis
Digital tools helps the researcher in the following way:
Identify research articles and
appropriate information sources
through searching various online tools
Literature survey & Critically analyses
known information for further reading
Data collection process (Manage and
collect the data)
Data analysis tools for both quantitative
and qualitative analysis
Referencing
Report preparation

Pre-Data
Analysis
Literature
Search
Literature
Tracking
Data
Collection
AMS
Annual Revices
EBSCO
Elsevier
Indian Citation Index
Indian Journals
JSTOR
PsycINFO
SpringerLink
ProQuest
Academic Search Premier
Teacher Reference Center
PubPsych
Research Gate
Scopus
ERIC
PubMed
IEEE Xplore
Science Direct
DOAJ
Google Scholar
J-Gate
Microsoft Academic
ORCID
Paperity
Publons
SpringerLink
Web of Science
Literature Tracking:
Sort, classify and store
Zotero, Mendeley, Endnote
Data Collection :
Google Forms, Microsoft forms,
Survey Monkey, Zoho form etc

98
JASP
Jamovi
OpenStat
SalStat-2
SOFA (Statistics Open For All)
PSPP
Statext
MicrOsiris
Gnumeric
Tanagra (Data Mining
AM Statistical Software
SPSS
R
MATLAB
Microsoft Excel
Graphpad
During
Data
Analysis
Nvivo
ATLAS.ti
MAXQDA
Transana
Quantitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
Unit 8: Technology in/for Education - UGC NET Education

•Endnote
•Zotero
•Mendeley
Post Data Analysis
Grammarly
Article Checker
Turnitin
Duplichecker
JASP
Jamovi
OpenStat
SalStat-2
SOFA (Statistics Open For All)
PSPP
Statext
MicrOsiris
Gnumeric
Tanagra (Data Mining
AM Statistical Software
SPSS
R
MATLAB
Microsoft Excel
Graphpad
During Data
Analysis
Nvivo
ATLAS.ti
MAXQDA
Transana
Quantitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
Mendeley
Zotero
Academia
ResearchGate

Online Repositories
• A digital repository is an online archive for the
storage of digital objects; these can range from
digital archives, moving or still image galleries,
manuscripts, anything that is in electronic format
and needs a place to be stored either in the short
or longer term.
• An open access repository is a digital repository
where the content is freely available to download
and reuse (sometimes with restrictions), where
no login or subscription is required.
• An institutional research repository is a digital
repository for the storage of outputs from
research undertaken at an organisation; these
can be wholly open access repositories, closed
access, or a mixture. Content that you might
expect to find in an institutional research
repository are: research papers, working papers,
reports, datasets, and other digital objects
resulting from research. Unit 8: Technology in/for Education - UGC NET Education 100

Online Libraries / Digital Libraries
A digital library, also called an online library,
an internet library, a digital repository, or
a digital collection is an online database of
digital objects that can include text, still
images, audio, video, digital documents, or
other digital media formats or
a library accessible through the internet.
Objects can consist of digitized content
like print or photographs, as well
as originally produced digital content
like word processor files or social
media posts.
In addition to storing content, digital libraries
provide means for organizing, searching,
and retrieving the content contained in the
collection.

Use of ICT in Evaluation
(Online and Offline Assessment Tools)
AnswerGarden -
Real-time polling
and brainstorming
tool
Backchannel Chat -
Teacher-moderated
Twitter-type
assessment tool for
education
Chatzy - Lets
students chime in
with questions or
opinions during a
lecture
Coggle - Mind-
mapping tool that
lets you get a handle
on student thinking
eSurvey Creator -
Make student
surveys and
questionnaires fast
Flipgrid - Let
students make quick
videos that respond
to teacher prompts
Formative - Give live
assignments, grade
them, and give
immediate feedback
Lino - A sticky-note-
based virtual
blackboard that lets
students chime in
Naiku - Make
quizzes that
students can take on
mobile devices
Pear Deck - Create
interactive
presentations
students can take
part in via
smartphones
Plickers - Collect
formative
assessment data in
real time with no
need for student
devices
The Queue - Free
educational chat tool
that’s similar to
Twitter and
facilitates remote
class discussion
Quizalize - Create
homework and
quizzes quickly,
with a fast-grading
feature
Quizlet - Develop
tests, quizzes,
flashcards, and
study games for
mobile
Remind - Send quick
texts to students and
parents to check for
understanding
Sparkpost - Adobe
app that lets
teachers create exit
tickets with visuals
and graphics
SurveyPlanet -
Create quick surveys
to get a grasp on
student knowledge
Typeform - Create
polls with graphical
elements
VoiceThread - Create
discussions around
documents, videos,
and other materials
Zoho Survey - Make
mobile-ready
student surveys and
get real-time results
Electronic
Assessment
(e-assessment) is
the
use of ICT / digital
technologies
to create, manage,
deliver, assess
& provide
immediate
feedback
for diagnostic,
formative &
summative
assessment.

Online survey tools or test generators
Online surveys are a great way to
engage our audience and get feedback
from them. We can use online surveys in
any number of ways, including to find
out what topics our readers want to
learn more about:
• Get feedback
• Conduct research
Google Forms
Microsoft Forms
SoGoSurvey
Survey Monkey
Typeform
Client Heartbeat
Zoho Survey
Survey Gizmo
Survey Planet

Mock Test 1:
testmoz.com/8566696
Mock Test 2:
testmoz.com/8566700
Mock Test 3:
testmoz.com/8566702
Unit 8: Technology in/ for Education
Mock Tests

All the Best!
K.THIYAGU,
Central University of Kerala,
Kasaragod
Paper II

Technology in/for Education (unit 8) - UGC NET Education Paper II

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