Explanation and Detailed examples and its uses for nutraceuticals and functional foods with research examples. uses and health benefits are also described in detail

1. FUNCTIONAL FOODS/ NUTRACEUTICALS
FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND DELAYED AGING
Presented by
Tamilselvan.T
51094

2. Ayurveda , the 5000 year old ancient Indian health science,
have mentioned benefits of food for therapeutic purpose.
Hippocrates, the father of western medicine said
“ Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.

3. Functional Foods
Functional Foods embraces the edible components with
potential to nourish as well as to improve antioxidant, mutagen-
combating and immune status of body.
Functional foods similar in appearance to conventional foods,
consumed as a part of normal diet. Functional foods have
physiological effects and can reduce the risk of chronic disease
beyond basic nutritional functions including maintenance of gut.

4.  Functional foods present either inherently in food or via
fortification .
 Functional foods can promote growth and development and
enhance performance.
 Functional foods provides the body with required amounts of
vitamins, fats, proteins and carbohydrates etc., needed for
healthy survival.

5. Nutraceuticals
Although the use of Nutraceutical by people has a long
history, only recently scientifically supported nutritional and
medical evidence has allowed nutraceuticals to emerge as being
potentially effective.
It is a hybrid of ‘Nutrition’ and ‘Pharmaceuticals’.

7. The term nutraceutical was coined by Stephen De Felice in
1989.
“ A food or part of food that provides medical or health
benefits, including the prevention and or treatment of a disease”.
Health Canada defines it as
“Nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods,
and generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with
food and demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide
protection against chronic disease”

8. Nutraceuticals are products extracted, purified or
produced from a plant, animal or marine source (e.g. antioxidants
from blueberries, fish oils), or produced from dried, powdered, or
pressed plant material and demonstrated to have a physiological
benefit, or to provide protection against chronic disease. (Medical
food news, Japan)

9. Reasons for popularity of nutraceuticals and functional foods:
 An increase in public health consciousness.
 An aging population
 Escalating health care costs
 Recent Advances in Research and Technology
 Changes in Government Regulations and Accountability
 Expansion of the Global Marketplace
 A Sympathetic Media
 Science-based Evidence is contributing to the Popularity of
Functional Foods.

10. Demand for nutraceuticals and functional foods is increased by frequent
health concerns like:
 Cardiovascular disease
 Breast, skin, colorectal, and brain cancers
 Female health concerns
 CNS disorders
 Metabolism management
 Gastrointestinal disorders
 Immuno-modulation

11. Why nutraceuticals ???
 Many diets are rich in Phenolics component and are daily
consumed by human beings.
 They rarely have any side effects.
 They have relatively long half-life.
 They can be easily absorbed in the intestine after ingestion.
 They are easily available without prescription.

12.  Many people believe this approach is more natural than using
prescription drug (Chemotherapy).
 People feel dietary supplements will help them feel stronger
and healthier, give them more energy and prevent illness.
 Some people turn to these products when they feel standard
treatments for their specific illnesses have failed.
 Convenient foe today’s lifestyle.

14. Current nutraceutical market:
 US, Europe and Japan are the largest nutraceutical markets in world
accounting for nearly 93 % of global demand.
 Global nutraceutical market was estimated at149.5 billion in 2011.
 China and India will emerge as the fastest expanding nutraceutical
market.
In 2011, Indian nutraceutical market valued at 1480 million US dollars.
 The total Indian nutraceutical market in 2015 is 5 billion US Dollars.

15.  The current Indian market holds a 2 % market share of the global
nutraceutical market and is predictable to increase by manifold in the
years to come.
 Urban India scores high at 22.52 % while rural India stands at 6.32 %
 The domestic companies have a strong foothold with 55% market
share and international companies have 45% share.
 FSSA ( Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006) integrate and streamline
the many regulations covering nutraceuticals, foods, and dietary
supplements.

16. Class/ Components Source Potential benefit
CAROTENOIDS
Beta-carotene
carrots, pumpkin, sweet
potatoes, spinach,
tomatoes
neutralizes free radicals
which may damage cells;
bolsters cellular antioxidant
defenses; can be made into
vitamin A in the body
Lutein, Zeaxanthin
kale, spinach, corn, eggs,
citrus fruits, asparagus,
carrots, broccoli
supports maintenance of
eye health
Lycopene
tomatoes and processed
tomato products,
watermelon, red/pink
grapefruit.
supports maintenance of
prostate health
Examples of Functional foods (IFICF, 2011)

17. Dietary Fiber
Insoluble fiber
wheat bran, corn bran,
fruit skins
supports maintenance of
digestive health; may
reduce the risk of some
types of cancer
Beta glucan**
oat bran, oatmeal, oat
flour, barley, rye
reduce risk of
coronary heart disease
(CHD)
Soluble fiber**
psyllium seed husk, peas,
beans, apples, citrus
fruits
may reduce risk of CHD
and cancer
Whole grains**
cereal grains, whole
wheat bread, oatmeal,
brown rice
may reduce risk of CHD
and some types of cancers;
supports maintenance of
healthy blood glucose
levels

18. Fatty acids
Monounsaturated fatty
acids (MUFAs)**
tree nuts, olive oil,
canola oil
may reduce risk of CHD
Polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) –
Omega-3 fatty acids
walnuts, flaxseeds,
flaxseed oil
supports maintenance of
heart and eye health;
supports maintenance of
mental function
PUFAs –
Omega-3 fatty acids—
DHA/EPA**
salmon, tuna, marine
and other fish oils
may reduce risk of CHD;
supports maintenance of
eye health and mental
function
Conjugated linoleic
acid (CLA)
beef and lamb; some
cheese
supports maintenance of
desirable body composition
and immune health

19. FLAVONOIDS
Anthocyanins –
(Cyanidin, Pelargonidin,
Delphinidin, Malvidin)
berries, cherries, red
grapes
bolster cellular antioxidant
defenses; supports
maintenance of healthy
brain function
Flavanols –
Catechins, Epicatechins,
Epigallocatechin
tea, cocoa, chocolate,
apples, grapes
supports maintenance of
heart health
Procyanidins and
Proanthocyanidins
cranberries, cocoa, apples,
strawberries, grapes, red
wine, peanuts, cinnamon,
tea, chocolate
supports maintenance of
urinary tract health and
heart health
Flavanones –
Hesperetin,
Naringenin
citrus fruits
neutralizes free radicals
which may damage cells;
bolster cellular antioxidant
defenses
Flavonols – Quercetin,
Kaempferol,
Isorhamnetin,
Myricetin
onions, apples, tea,
broccoli
neutralizes free radicals
which may damage cells;
bolster cellular antioxidant
defenses

20. ISOTHIOCYANATES
Sulforaphane
cauliflower, broccoli,
broccoli sprouts,
cabbage, kale,
horseradish
may enhance detoxification
of undesirable compounds;
bolsters cellular antioxidant
defenses
PHENOLIC ACIDS
Caffeic acid, Ferulic
acid
apples, pears, citrus
fruits, some vegetables,
whole grains, coffee
bolsters cellular antioxidant
defenses; supports
maintenance of eye and
heart health
PLANT
STANOLS/STEROLS
Free Stanols/Sterols**
corn, soy, wheat,
fortified foods and
beverages
may reduce risk of CHD
POLYOLS
Sugar alcohols** –
Xylitol, Sorbitol,
Mannitol, Lactitol
some chewing gums and
other food applications
may reduce risk of dental
caries

21. PREBIOTICS
Inulin, Fructo-
oligosaccharides
(FOS), Polydextrose
whole grains, onions,
some fruits, garlic,
honey, leeks, banana,
fortified foods and
beverages
supports maintenance of
digestive health; supports
calcium absorption
PROBIOTICS
Yeast, Lactobacilli,
Bifidobacteria and
other specific strains of
beneficial bacteria
certain yogurts and other
cultured dairy and nondairy
applications
supports maintenance of
digestive and immune
health; benefits are strain-
specific
PHYTOESTROGENS
Isoflavones – Daidzein,
Genistein
soybeans and soy-based
foods
supports maintenance of
bone and immune health,
and healthy brain function;
for women, supports
menopausal health
Lignans
flax seeds, rye, some
vegetables, seeds and
nuts, lentils, triticale,
broccoli, cauliflower,
carrot
support maintenance of
heart and immune health

22. SULFIDES/THIOLS
Diallyl sulfide, Allyl
methyl trisulfide
garlic, onions.
may enhance detoxification
of undesirable compounds;
supports maintenance of
heart, immune and
digestive health
Dithiolthiones cruciferous vegetables
may enhance detoxification
of undesirable compounds;
supports maintenance of
healthy immune function
 It also includes Vitamins like Vitamin A, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin,
Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Folate or Folic acid, Cobalamin, Biotin, Vitamin C,
Vitamin D, Vitamin E.
 Minerals like Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Selenium also present.

23. TYPES OF NUTRACEUTICALS
 Traditional Nutraceuticals:
Simply natural, whole foods with new information about their
potential health qualities.
Ex: Lycopene in tomatoes, Omega-3 fatty acids in salmon,
Saponins in soy.
 Non traditional nutraceuticals:
foods resulting from agricultural breeding or added nutrients
and/or ingredients

24. Class and Active ingredients Potential benefits
Polyphenolic compounds
Flavones
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-carcinogenic and anti-metastatic.
Isoflavones
Ameliorate postmenopausal symptoms, antioxidant,
anti-carcinogenic, radioprotective,
immunomodulatory
Flavonones
Anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
vasoprotective
and anti-atherosclerosis effects
Flavonols
Ameliorate chronic inflammatory disease
symptoms,
antioxidant, neuro- and geno-protective
Phenolic acids
Antioxidant, chemo preventive (anti-metastatic),
immunomodulatory.

25. Anthocyanins
Beneficial effects in brain cognitive function, obesity,
visual capacity, ulcer protection, cardiovascular risk, and
cancer prevention.
Proanthocyanidins
Anti-obesity, improvement of lead-induced cognitive
impairments, decreased cardiovascular mortality,
antioxidant activity.
Resveratrol
Anticarcinogenic, improvement of bone density, reversal of
age related cognitive impairments, protection against
retinal ganglion cell dendrite loss.
Curcumin
Anticarcinogenic, radioprotective, antioxidant, antidotal
against neurotoxic agents, anti-inflammatory
Ellagic acid and
ellagitannins
Antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic
agent, anti-atherogenic

26. CAROTENOIDS
Lutein
Improvements in neural functions and respiratory health,
Retino-protective.
Lycopene
Radioprotective, attenuation of high-fat diet-induced
cognitive impairments, antioxidant
alpha- and beta-carotene
Improvement of bone density, anticarcinogenic, anti-
ischemic, chemo-sensitizer
alpha-cryptoxanthin
Anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, prevention of
ovariectomy-induced bone loss, chemo-preventive,
anti-arteriosclerotic
Zeaxanthin
Retinoprotective, antioxidant, photo protective,
inflammation modulatory role.
Fucoxanthin
Anti-inflammatory, increased longevity,
anticarcinogenic, improvement of lipid metabolism,
photo protective.

27. ANTHROQUINONES
Barbaloin
Antidiabetic, anti-helminthic, antiviral
Capsaicin
Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic,
vasorelaxitive (hypertension prevention)
Hypericin Analgesic, antioxidant, anti-depressant.
Piperine
Anticarcinogenic, angiogenesis inhibitor, cholesterol
gallstones formation prevention.

28. TERPENES
Borneol Bone metabolism modulation, anticarcinogenic, cholesterol
gallstones formation prevention
Santonin Antidiabetic, anti-helminthic
Gossypol Contraceptive, anti-parasitic
Menthol
Cholesterol gallstones formation prevention, antimicrobial,
antioxidant, analgesic

29. ALKALOIDS
Quinine
Improvement in body weight (anti-obesity), anti-
malarial.
Ergot alkaloid
Antidiabetic
Coumarin
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-
thrombotic
GULCOSINOLATES Antioxidant
SAPONINS
Anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory,
hypocholesterolemic.
ISOTHIOCYANATES
Sulporaphane Anti-inflammatory

30. Nutraceuticals for delayed aging

31. AGING:
Aging is a continuous process that commences in the fetus
and advances throughout our entire life.
Aging can be defined as a progressive decline in the
efficiency of biochemical and physiological processes after the
reproduction phase of life.
Risk factors:
Oxidative stress, systemic low-grade chronic inflammation
and the impairment of hormonal, fibrinolytic and immunological
status are the factors underlying aging.

32. Diseases of old age:
 Osteoarthritis, Cancer, Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer, Parkinson's,
Cognitive decline, Obesity, Osteoporosis, Metabolic syndrome,
Cardiovascular (CVD) and Cerebrovascular diseases.
 Pathologies and Life styles are critical determinants of healthy aging.
Some theories that are acceptable for aging:
 Free radical theory or Oxidative stress hypothesis
 Cross linking theory
 Theory of waste material accumulation.

33. Component Health benefit for elderly
Folic acid
Beneficial effect on cognitive decline, age-
related macular degeneration, cancer
prevention and secondary prevention in
CVD
Vitamin D and Calcium,
Magnesium
Beneficial against osteoporosis
Omega-3 PUFAs
supplementation
Cardio -protective effects (anti-arrhythmic,
anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-
hypertensive, and anti-hyperlipidemia), anti-
arthritis effects.
Probiotics
improve the integrity of gut mucosal barrier
by benefiting the faecal microbiota, and
decreasing infectious complications

34. soy isoflavones, curcumin and green tea
polyphenols
cancer preventive effect,
mainly against prostate and colorectal
cancers
Resveratrol CVD prevention
Lutein and Zeaxanthin
beneficial effect on macular pigment
ocular density and visual function
lycopene
prostate cancer
prevention.
Methylsulfonylmethane arthritis

35. Calcitonin Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis.
Melatonin
Slight improvement in the cognitive function as well as
in macular degeneration and glaucoma.
Coenzyme Q
(ubiquinone)
beneficial against oxidative stress and CVD
Chinese red yeast rice Hyperlipidemia, CVD prevention.
Curcuma, Ginger
Rosehip extracts
beneficial role in elderly patients
with osteoarthritis.
Garlic extract anti-hypertensive properties.
Avocado/ Soybean oils Arthrosis

36. Some Commercial nutraceutical products in India:
 Protein supplement - Proteinex
 High protein premix powder –Suboneyo Chemicals
 Pre and probiotic capsules – Oriel healthcare
Citrus bioflavonoids - LA nutraceuticals
 Omega 3 powder – Ambe Phytoextracts

37. Pilot study of resveratrol in older adults with impaired glucose intolerance
(Chandrall, J. P. et al., 2012)
Aim: Effect of Resveratrol on insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance in animals
were reported but human studies are limited. Hypothesis tested resveratrol effect in
older adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
Methods: Ten subjects aged 72±3 years were enrolled for 4 week open label study
of resveratrol (1, 1.5 or 2 g). Following a standard meal, 3 hour glucose and insulin
area under the curve, insulin sensitivity and secretion were measured. Endothelial
function measured before and 90 minutes post meal.
Results: At doses between 1 and 2g/day, resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity
and post meal plasma glucose in subjects with IGT.
(J Gerontol A Biol sci Med Sci., 67(12): 1307-1312.)

38. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate and total cancer in
men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial.
(Gaziano, J. M. 2009)
Aim: To evaluate whether long-term vitamin E or C supplementation
decreases risk of prostate and total cancer events among men.
Methods: The study is randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
factorial trial of vitamins E and C that began in 1997 and continued until
its scheduled completion on August 31, 2007.
Participants: A total of 14,641 male physicians in the United States
initially aged 50 years or older, including 1307 men with a history of
prior cancer at randomization, were enrolled.

39. Intervention: Individual supplements of 400 IU of vitamin E every
other day and 500 mg of vitamin C daily.
Results: In this large, long-term trial of male physicians, neither
vitamin E nor C supplementation reduced the risk of prostate or total
cancer.
(Journal of American medical association, 301(1): 52-62)

40. Challenges :
 Only a few nutraceuticals can be considered useful for prevention and/or
treatment of aged-related diseases.
 Lack of Standardization and high pricing
 Scientific and research studies needed to evaluate the use of nutraceuticals
in disease prevention in human trails.
 Need for separate rules, acts and certification to control the marketing of
nutraceuticals.
 Creation of awareness about the uses of nutraceuticals in rural areas.
 Marketing and distribution challenges.

41. Conclusion:
Change in the lifestyle can prevent the diseases. One of the
solutions in the lifestyle change is changes in their diet. The
Indian consumer’s awareness about conventional nutraceutical
ingredients is severely limited and nutraceutical manufacture’s
need to take up the cause and spread awareness about their
products to the Indian masses.

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