1. Contiki Project about RPL
Protocol in WSN
Soultana Ellinidou
UnderGraduate Student at University of Western Macedonia , Kozani
Department of Engineering Informatics & Telecommunications

2. Introduction: Contiki platform
 Οpen source operating system for the Internet of
Things.
 Focus on low-power wireless Internet of Things
devices.
 Provides powerful low-power Internet
communication.
 Supports fully standard IPv6 and IPv4, along with the
recent low-power wireless standards: 6lowpan, RPL,
CoAP.
 Cooja simulator Contiki networks can be emulated
before burned into hardware.
 Easy and fast development: Contiki applications are
written in standard C.

3. Introduction: RPL Protocol
 IPv6 routing protocol for Low power and Lossy
Networks
 M2H &H2H
 Forms a tree like topology
 Supports both upward and downward routing
 RPL is responsible for getting routing info and
forwarding packets
 Needs to be optimized to gain performance and
utilize constrained resources
DODAG

4. Introduction: How RPL Protocol works
 RPL uses 3 control messages:
DODAG Information Object (DIO)
DODAG Information Solicitation (DIS)
DODAG Advertisement Object (DAO)
The path selection is provided by Objective Functions
based on routing metric and constraints:
OF0 (hop count)
ETX (Expected Transmission Count)

5. Client-Relay Code
Sets up UDP
connection
Check if the
mote is client or
relay
If it is client,
sends packet to
UDP server
periodically.
If it is relay, wait
to receive packet
from the client
and then to

6. Server Code
Initializes RPL
DAG
Sets up UDP
connection
Waits for packets
from client,
receives and print
them

7. Cooja Simulator

8. Cooja Simulator: Mote Output

9. Network
Devices that we use in our network:
Zolertia motes
CO2 sensor K30
Raspberry Pi 2 (Gateway)
Cases:
1 server, 1 relay, 1 client
1 server, 4 relays, 1 client
1 server, 7 relays, 1 client
1 server, 5 relays, 2 clients

10. 1st Experiment (B6 Building)
Batteries power
supply

11. 2nd Experiment (B6 Building)
Nodes Neighbors
S #61 R #62
R #62 R#64, R#65, R#68
R #64 R#62, R#65, R#68
R #65 R#64, R#62, R#68
R #68 R#64, R#65, R#62
C #63 R #68
Batteries power
supply

12. 3rd Experiment (B6 Building)
Nodes Neighbors
S #61 R #66, R#64
R #66 R#64, R#69, R#64,R#65,
R#67, R#68
R #62 R#66, R#69, R#64,R#65,
R#67, R#68
R #69 R#64, R#66, R#64,R#65,
R#67, R#68
R #64 R#64, R#69, R#66,R#65,
R#67, R#68
R #65 R#64, R#69, R#64,R#66,
R#67, R#68
R #67 R#64, R#69, R#64,R#65,
R#66, R7#68
R #68 R#64, R#69, R#64,R#65,
R#67, R#66
C #63 R#66, R#68
Batteries power
supply

13. 3rd Experiment (B6 Building)

14. 4th Experiment (B6 Building)
Batteries power
supply

15. 4th Experiment

16. 5th Experiment
CTTC Building:
Ground floor: 5 relies,
1 client, 1 Co2 sensor,
1 raspberry pi
1st floor: 2 relies, 1
server , 1 raspberry pi
Plug power supply

17. 5th Experiment (B4 Building)
Client is sending a packet every 10 seconds
Running time: During the
day

18. 6th Experiment (B4 Building)
Client is sending a packet every 20 seconds
Running time: During the
day

19. 7th Experiment (B4 Building)
Client is sending a packet every 60 seconds
Running time: From
6pm until10am

20. 8th Experiment (B4 Building)
Client is sending a packet every 120 seconds
Running time: 2days

21. Network Metrics
Histograms of simulation, that was running during the
morning
Frequency: 10sec Frequency: 20sec

22. Network Metrics
Histograms of simulation, that was running during days
Frequency: 60sec Frequency: 120sec

23. Network Metrics
Results about Packet loss of different frequencies

24. Future Work
Complete the RPL tests in your network for more
settings(frequencies, time, number of motes).
Add a sensor to track the movement in the stairs.
Make a script to restart the client and server motes in the same
time.
Communication between different network layer protocols.

25. Thank you for your attention.