Indian Constitution

Indian Constitution
Presented by:
Tanisha Pareek
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Contents
What is Constitution
Why do we need Constitution ??
Introduction to Indian Constitution
History of Indian Constitution
Making of Indian Constitution
Features of Indian Constitution
Preamble of Constitution of India
Some facts about Indian Constitution
Conclusion
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What is Constitution
Why do we need Constitution
Conclusion
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 A constitution is a written document that
contains a set of rules for a government.
It defines the fundamental political
principles, and establishing the structure,
procedures, powers and duties, of a
government.
The term constitution can be applied to any
overall law that defines the functioning of a
government.
What is Constitution
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What is Constitution
Why do we need Constitution
Conclusion Next
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Why do we need Constitution
To maintain law and order in society
To specify who has the power to make
decision
To set a limit on what government can
impose on its citizen
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Why do we need Constitution
Introduction to Indian Constitution
Conclusion Next
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In 1946, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee formulated a cabinet mission to India to
discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from England to Indian leadership as
well as provide India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of
Nations.
The Constituent Assembly first met and began work on 9 December 1946.
After consultation Mission proposed its first plan over the composition of the new
government on May 16, 1946.
But INS and Muslim League did not agree.
2nd Plan was given on May 16, 1946 but this plan was again rejected.
3rd Plan was given on June 16, 1946 –
As per this plan it was decided that India to be divided into Hindu-majority India and a
Muslim-majority Pakistan.
Introduction to Indian Constitution
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On 3rd June 1947, Louis Mountbatten, first Earl Mountbatten
of Burma and the last viceroy of India, announced the
partitioning of British India into India and Pakistan.
On 14th August 1947, Pakistan was declared a separate nation
and at midnight, on 15th August 1947, India became an
independent nation.
The constituent assembly met on August 14, 1947 and various
decisions were taken in the committee.
The concept of Indian Flag was taken in the assembly meeting.
Furthermore, the National Emblem of India was decided and it
has been taken from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
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Introduction to Indian Constitution
History of Indian Constitution
Conclusion NextPreviou

324BC-
185BC
• Emperor Ashoka Maurya , established constitutional principles , engraved them on
rocks , pillar and minor rocks for public reference . Also known as Edicts of Ashoka
1599AD-
1765AD
• East India Company takes total administrative control by gaining right of taxation
in Bengal after battle of Plassey (1757)
1765AD-
1858AD
• East India Company takes total unified control over entire India from a single
centre in Calcutta . But its rule ended with revolt of 1857
1858AD-
1947AD
• This period of British Raj was the time when Constitution of India took shape
1950AD
• Finally Constitution of India created in free India by its own free people , adopted
on 26 November 1949 and finally came into effect on 26 January 1950
History Of Indian Constitution
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History of Indian Constitution
Making of Indian Constitution
Conclusion Next
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The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December, 1946
in the Constitution Hall which is now known as the Central Hall of Parliament House
The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and
seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the
Constitution for Independent India.
During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these,
114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.
As to its composition, members were chosen by indirect election by the members of
the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, according to the scheme recommended by the
Cabinet Mission . The arrangement was:
(i) 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies;
(ii) 93 members represented the Indian Princely States; and
(iii) 4 members represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.
Making of Indian Constitution
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The total membership of the Assembly thus was to be 389.
However, as a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June,
1947, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.
On 29 August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee
under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution
for India.
While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved,
discussed and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635
tabled.
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November, 1949 and members
appended their signatures to it on 24 January, 1950 . In all, 284 members
actually signed the Constitution.
26 November 1949 is also known as National Law Day.
When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, it repealed
the Indian Independence Act.
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Making of Indian Constitution
Features of Indian Constitution

Features of Indian Constitution
i. Single constitution : Indian states do not have separate constitution
ii. Lengthiest constitution in the world : As originally adopted it had 22
parts , 395 articles and 8 schedules . The Constitution, in its current form,
consists of a preamble, 22 parts containing 444 articles, 12 schedules, 2
appendices and amendments to date.
iii. Sovereign , Socialist , Secular , Democratic , Republic : The word
‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were added in Preamble in 42nd Amendment
iv. Unique blend of rigidity and flexibility
v. Patchwork but a beautiful one : Best features of various Constitution
have been incorporated in our Constitution . For instance :
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i. Parliamentary form of Democracy
ii. Fundamental Rights and Duties : Constitution of India
guarantees 6 fundamental rights . They are :
Right to Equality
Right to Freedom
Right against Exploitation
Right to Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies
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Constitution of India initially do not provide any Fundamental Duties .
Currently , there are 11 Fundamental Duties
Single Citizenship
Universal Adult Franchise
Independent Judiciary
Emergency Provisions : During emergency , fundamental rights of
citizens can be suspended and our government becomes unitary one
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Features of Indian Constitution
Preamble of Constitution of India
Conclusion NextPrevio

WE,THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute
INDIAinto a
SOVEREIGN,SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to
secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among
them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and
integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November, 1949,
do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION.
PREAMBLE
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Preamble of Constitution of India
Some facts about Indian Constitution

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i. Idea for a Constituent Assembly for drafting a
constitution for India was provided by Bal Gangadhar
Tilak in 1895
ii. The state of Hydrebad did not participate in elections
to the Constituent Assembly
iii. The first meeting of Constituent assembly was held on
December 9, 1946 – its president was Dr
Sacchidanand Sinha
iv. The second meeting of Constituent assembly was held
on December 11, 1946 – its president was Dr Rajendra
Prasad
v. The flag Committee worked under J . B . Kriplani
vi. If a state of emergency is declared , Lok Sabha is
dissolved but not the Rajya Sabha
vii. The iea oa of having Lokpal have been borrowed from
Sweden The flag of Congress party was accepted as
Some facts about Indian Constitution

Preamble of Constitution of India
Some facts about Indian Constitution
Conclusion
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Indian Constitution

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