SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 18
THE NUCLEIC
ACIDS
Tapeshwar Yadav
(Lecturer)
BMLT, DNHE,
M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry
Friedrich Miescher in 1869
 isolated what he called nuclein from the nuclei of
pus cells
 Nuclein was shown to have acidic properties,
hence it became called nucleic acid
Two types of nucleic acid are
found
 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
 Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
The distribution of nucleic
acids in the eukaryotic cell
 DNA is found in the nucleus
with small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts
 RNA is found throughout the cell
DNA as genetic material: The
circumstantial evidence
1. Present in all cells and virtually restricted to the nucleus
2. The amount of DNA in somatic cells (body cells) of any given
species is constant (like the number of chromosomes)
3. The DNA content of gametes (sex cells) is half that of somatic
cells.
In cases of polyploidy (multiple sets of chromosomes) the DNA
content increases by a proportional factor
4. The mutagenic effect of UV light peaks at 253.7nm. The peak for
the absorption of UV light by DNA
NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE
 Nucleic acids are polynucleotides
 Their building blocks are nucleotides
NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE
PHOSPATE SUGAR
Ribose or
Deoxyribose
NUCLEOTIDE
BASE
PURINES PYRIMIDINES
Adenine (A)
Guanine(G)
Cytocine (C)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)
Ribose is a pentose
C1
C5
C4
C3 C2
O
RIBOSE DEOXYRIBOSE
CH2OH
H
OH
C
C
OH OH
C
O
H HH
C
CH2OH
H
OH
C
C
OH H
C
O
H HH
C
Spot the difference
THE SUGAR-
PHOSPHATE
BACKBONE
 The nucleotides are all
orientated in the same direction
 The phosphate group joins the 3rd
Carbon of one sugar to the 5th
Carbon of the next in line.
P
P
P
P
P
P
ADDING IN THE BASES
 The bases are attached
to the 1st
Carbon
 Their order is important
It determines the
genetic information of
the molecule
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
C
C
A
T
T
DNA IS MADE OF
TWO STRANDS OF
POLYNUCLEOTIDE
P
P
P
P
P
P
C
G
G
T
A
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
C
C
A
T
T
Hydrogen bonds
DNA IS MADE OF TWO STRANDS OF
POLYNUCLEOTIDE
 The sister strands of the DNA molecule run in opposite
directions (antiparallel)
 They are joined by the bases
 Each base is paired with a specific partner:
A is always paired with T
G is always paired with C
Purine with Pyrimidine
 This the sister strands are complementary but not
identical
 The bases are joined by hydrogen bonds, individually
weak but collectively strong
Erwin Chargaff’s Data (1950-51)
Wilkins & Franklin (1952): X-ray
crystallography
Purines & Pyrimidines
Adenine
CytosineGuanine
Thymine
Watson & Crick Base pairing
The Double Helix (1953)
Public Domain image

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Nucleic Acid Metabolism
Nucleic Acid MetabolismNucleic Acid Metabolism
Nucleic Acid Metabolism
 
Carbohydrate structure
Carbohydrate structureCarbohydrate structure
Carbohydrate structure
 
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acidNucleic acid
Nucleic acid
 
Nucleic Acids and DNA
Nucleic Acids and DNA Nucleic Acids and DNA
Nucleic Acids and DNA
 
DNA replication and types of DNA
DNA replication and types of DNADNA replication and types of DNA
DNA replication and types of DNA
 
Lipids
LipidsLipids
Lipids
 
Physical properties of Carbohydrates
Physical properties of CarbohydratesPhysical properties of Carbohydrates
Physical properties of Carbohydrates
 
Structure of DNA
Structure of DNAStructure of DNA
Structure of DNA
 
Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids
Structure and Function of Nucleic AcidsStructure and Function of Nucleic Acids
Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids
 
Chemistry of lipids
Chemistry of lipidsChemistry of lipids
Chemistry of lipids
 
Carbohydrates (1)
Carbohydrates (1)Carbohydrates (1)
Carbohydrates (1)
 
Phospholipids 2003
Phospholipids 2003Phospholipids 2003
Phospholipids 2003
 
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
 
Biological functions of Nucleic Acids
Biological functions of Nucleic AcidsBiological functions of Nucleic Acids
Biological functions of Nucleic Acids
 
Nucleic acid (Advance)
Nucleic acid  (Advance)Nucleic acid  (Advance)
Nucleic acid (Advance)
 
Nucleotides an introduction
Nucleotides an introductionNucleotides an introduction
Nucleotides an introduction
 
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acidNucleic acid
Nucleic acid
 
Dna structure
Dna structureDna structure
Dna structure
 
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acidsSaturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
 
DNA Replication
DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
DNA Replication
 

Viewers also liked

Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)
Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)
Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)Brigid Leahy
 
Experiment 4 and 5
Experiment 4 and 5Experiment 4 and 5
Experiment 4 and 5hb0809
 
Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)
Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)
Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)Kevin Balda
 

Viewers also liked (7)

Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)
Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)
Benchmarking-Public-Procurement-2016 (3)
 
Chapter4
Chapter4Chapter4
Chapter4
 
Carbon compounds 2 (1)
Carbon compounds 2 (1)Carbon compounds 2 (1)
Carbon compounds 2 (1)
 
Experiment 4 and 5
Experiment 4 and 5Experiment 4 and 5
Experiment 4 and 5
 
Bial's Test
Bial's TestBial's Test
Bial's Test
 
Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)
Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)
Report exp 6 and 7 (DNA and RNA)
 
Activity 5 a biochem report
Activity 5 a biochem reportActivity 5 a biochem report
Activity 5 a biochem report
 

Similar to Nucleic acid

Similar to Nucleic acid (20)

THE_NUCLEIC_ACIDS.pptx
THE_NUCLEIC_ACIDS.pptxTHE_NUCLEIC_ACIDS.pptx
THE_NUCLEIC_ACIDS.pptx
 
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acidNucleic acid
Nucleic acid
 
The nucleic acids
The nucleic acidsThe nucleic acids
The nucleic acids
 
02 the nucleic_acids
02 the nucleic_acids02 the nucleic_acids
02 the nucleic_acids
 
Nucleic acids 1
Nucleic acids 1Nucleic acids 1
Nucleic acids 1
 
Biomol 4-asam nukleat
Biomol 4-asam nukleatBiomol 4-asam nukleat
Biomol 4-asam nukleat
 
HUMAN GENETICS
HUMAN GENETICSHUMAN GENETICS
HUMAN GENETICS
 
Deoxyeribonucleic acid(DNA)
Deoxyeribonucleic acid(DNA)Deoxyeribonucleic acid(DNA)
Deoxyeribonucleic acid(DNA)
 
Nucleic Acids.pptx
Nucleic Acids.pptxNucleic Acids.pptx
Nucleic Acids.pptx
 
NUCLEOTIDES.pptx
NUCLEOTIDES.pptxNUCLEOTIDES.pptx
NUCLEOTIDES.pptx
 
Module-4-Lecture-4 Nucleotides.pptx
Module-4-Lecture-4 Nucleotides.pptxModule-4-Lecture-4 Nucleotides.pptx
Module-4-Lecture-4 Nucleotides.pptx
 
Biochem ppt.pptx
Biochem ppt.pptxBiochem ppt.pptx
Biochem ppt.pptx
 
Structure of dna
Structure of dnaStructure of dna
Structure of dna
 
Chap-7 Nucleic acid Power point presentation
Chap-7 Nucleic acid Power point presentationChap-7 Nucleic acid Power point presentation
Chap-7 Nucleic acid Power point presentation
 
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acidsNucleic acids
Nucleic acids
 
Basics of DNA & RNA (Nucleic acid)
Basics of DNA & RNA (Nucleic acid)Basics of DNA & RNA (Nucleic acid)
Basics of DNA & RNA (Nucleic acid)
 
Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
 
Types of nucliec acids, biosynthesis and catabolism
Types of nucliec acids, biosynthesis and catabolismTypes of nucliec acids, biosynthesis and catabolism
Types of nucliec acids, biosynthesis and catabolism
 
Chapter 6 biology 20 12-15
Chapter 6 biology 20 12-15Chapter 6 biology 20 12-15
Chapter 6 biology 20 12-15
 
Aamir khan gold
Aamir khan goldAamir khan gold
Aamir khan gold
 

More from Tapeshwar Yadav

Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)
Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)
Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)Tapeshwar Yadav
 
Basics of Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins
Basics of Amino Acids & Plasma ProteinsBasics of Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins
Basics of Amino Acids & Plasma ProteinsTapeshwar Yadav
 
Basics of Proteins Chemistry
Basics of Proteins ChemistryBasics of Proteins Chemistry
Basics of Proteins ChemistryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Medical Terminology of Endocrine System
Medical Terminology of Endocrine SystemMedical Terminology of Endocrine System
Medical Terminology of Endocrine SystemTapeshwar Yadav
 
Basics of Carbohydrates Chemistry
Basics of Carbohydrates ChemistryBasics of Carbohydrates Chemistry
Basics of Carbohydrates ChemistryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Introduction to biochemistry
Introduction to biochemistryIntroduction to biochemistry
Introduction to biochemistryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Medical Parasitology Laboratory
Medical Parasitology LaboratoryMedical Parasitology Laboratory
Medical Parasitology LaboratoryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory
Medical Microbiology LaboratoryMedical Microbiology Laboratory
Medical Microbiology LaboratoryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Clinical Hematology Laboratory
Clinical Hematology LaboratoryClinical Hematology Laboratory
Clinical Hematology LaboratoryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory
Clinical Biochemistry LaboratoryClinical Biochemistry Laboratory
Clinical Biochemistry LaboratoryTapeshwar Yadav
 
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)Tapeshwar Yadav
 
Biological Safety Cabinet
Biological Safety CabinetBiological Safety Cabinet
Biological Safety CabinetTapeshwar Yadav
 
Clinical Laboratory Biosafety
Clinical Laboratory BiosafetyClinical Laboratory Biosafety
Clinical Laboratory BiosafetyTapeshwar Yadav
 
Pipettes and Their Safely Use
Pipettes and Their Safely UsePipettes and Their Safely Use
Pipettes and Their Safely UseTapeshwar Yadav
 
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and Reagents
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and ReagentsSafe Use and Storage of Chemicals and Reagents
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and ReagentsTapeshwar Yadav
 
Laboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety Rules
Laboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety RulesLaboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety Rules
Laboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety RulesTapeshwar Yadav
 
Guideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHL
Guideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHLGuideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHL
Guideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHLTapeshwar Yadav
 
Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020
Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020
Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020Tapeshwar Yadav
 
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...Tapeshwar Yadav
 
Textbook of Clinical Pathology book cover
Textbook of Clinical Pathology book coverTextbook of Clinical Pathology book cover
Textbook of Clinical Pathology book coverTapeshwar Yadav
 

More from Tapeshwar Yadav (20)

Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)
Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)
Essential Textbook of Biochemistry For Nursing (B.Sc.Nursing & PBN)
 
Basics of Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins
Basics of Amino Acids & Plasma ProteinsBasics of Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins
Basics of Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins
 
Basics of Proteins Chemistry
Basics of Proteins ChemistryBasics of Proteins Chemistry
Basics of Proteins Chemistry
 
Medical Terminology of Endocrine System
Medical Terminology of Endocrine SystemMedical Terminology of Endocrine System
Medical Terminology of Endocrine System
 
Basics of Carbohydrates Chemistry
Basics of Carbohydrates ChemistryBasics of Carbohydrates Chemistry
Basics of Carbohydrates Chemistry
 
Introduction to biochemistry
Introduction to biochemistryIntroduction to biochemistry
Introduction to biochemistry
 
Medical Parasitology Laboratory
Medical Parasitology LaboratoryMedical Parasitology Laboratory
Medical Parasitology Laboratory
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory
Medical Microbiology LaboratoryMedical Microbiology Laboratory
Medical Microbiology Laboratory
 
Clinical Hematology Laboratory
Clinical Hematology LaboratoryClinical Hematology Laboratory
Clinical Hematology Laboratory
 
Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory
Clinical Biochemistry LaboratoryClinical Biochemistry Laboratory
Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory
 
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
 
Biological Safety Cabinet
Biological Safety CabinetBiological Safety Cabinet
Biological Safety Cabinet
 
Clinical Laboratory Biosafety
Clinical Laboratory BiosafetyClinical Laboratory Biosafety
Clinical Laboratory Biosafety
 
Pipettes and Their Safely Use
Pipettes and Their Safely UsePipettes and Their Safely Use
Pipettes and Their Safely Use
 
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and Reagents
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and ReagentsSafe Use and Storage of Chemicals and Reagents
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and Reagents
 
Laboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety Rules
Laboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety RulesLaboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety Rules
Laboratory Hazards, Accidents and Safety Rules
 
Guideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHL
Guideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHLGuideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHL
Guideline on-Health-Laboratory-Establishment-and-Operational by NPHL
 
Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020
Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020
Tapeshwar Yadav Updated CV, 2020
 
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...
Revised Curriculum of Certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology(CMLT) by C...
 
Textbook of Clinical Pathology book cover
Textbook of Clinical Pathology book coverTextbook of Clinical Pathology book cover
Textbook of Clinical Pathology book cover
 

Recently uploaded

Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510
Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510
Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510Vipesco
 
Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...
Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...
Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...Anamika Rawat
 
Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...
Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...
Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...Anamika Rawat
 
Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...
Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...
Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...BhumiSaxena1
 
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...Dipal Arora
 
Call Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableGENUINE ESCORT AGENCY
 
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋TANUJA PANDEY
 
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...Sheetaleventcompany
 
Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...
Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...
Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...chennailover
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeCall Girls Delhi
 
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...parulsinha
 
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...karishmasinghjnh
 
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...mahaiklolahd
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Sheetaleventcompany
 
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426jennyeacort
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...chandars293
 
Call Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510
Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510
Kollam call girls Mallu aunty service 7877702510
 
Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...
Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...
Andheri East ) Call Girls in Mumbai Phone No 9004268417 Elite Escort Service ...
 
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝  9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝  9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
 
Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...
Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...
Jogeshwari ! Call Girls Service Mumbai - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 90042684...
 
🌹Attapur⬅️ Vip Call Girls Hyderabad 📱9352852248 Book Well Trand Call Girls In...
🌹Attapur⬅️ Vip Call Girls Hyderabad 📱9352852248 Book Well Trand Call Girls In...🌹Attapur⬅️ Vip Call Girls Hyderabad 📱9352852248 Book Well Trand Call Girls In...
🌹Attapur⬅️ Vip Call Girls Hyderabad 📱9352852248 Book Well Trand Call Girls In...
 
Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...
Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...
Saket * Call Girls in Delhi - Phone 9711199012 Escorts Service at 6k to 50k a...
 
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
 
Call Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Coimbatore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Madurai Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
 
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
 
Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...
Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...
Coimbatore Call Girls in Coimbatore 7427069034 genuine Escort Service Girl 10...
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
 
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
 
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
 
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
 
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
 
Call Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mysore Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 

Nucleic acid

  • 1. THE NUCLEIC ACIDS Tapeshwar Yadav (Lecturer) BMLT, DNHE, M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry
  • 2. Friedrich Miescher in 1869  isolated what he called nuclein from the nuclei of pus cells  Nuclein was shown to have acidic properties, hence it became called nucleic acid
  • 3. Two types of nucleic acid are found  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)  Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  • 4. The distribution of nucleic acids in the eukaryotic cell  DNA is found in the nucleus with small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts  RNA is found throughout the cell
  • 5. DNA as genetic material: The circumstantial evidence 1. Present in all cells and virtually restricted to the nucleus 2. The amount of DNA in somatic cells (body cells) of any given species is constant (like the number of chromosomes) 3. The DNA content of gametes (sex cells) is half that of somatic cells. In cases of polyploidy (multiple sets of chromosomes) the DNA content increases by a proportional factor 4. The mutagenic effect of UV light peaks at 253.7nm. The peak for the absorption of UV light by DNA
  • 6. NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE  Nucleic acids are polynucleotides  Their building blocks are nucleotides
  • 7. NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE PHOSPATE SUGAR Ribose or Deoxyribose NUCLEOTIDE BASE PURINES PYRIMIDINES Adenine (A) Guanine(G) Cytocine (C) Thymine (T) Uracil (U)
  • 8. Ribose is a pentose C1 C5 C4 C3 C2 O
  • 9. RIBOSE DEOXYRIBOSE CH2OH H OH C C OH OH C O H HH C CH2OH H OH C C OH H C O H HH C Spot the difference
  • 10. THE SUGAR- PHOSPHATE BACKBONE  The nucleotides are all orientated in the same direction  The phosphate group joins the 3rd Carbon of one sugar to the 5th Carbon of the next in line. P P P P P P
  • 11. ADDING IN THE BASES  The bases are attached to the 1st Carbon  Their order is important It determines the genetic information of the molecule P P P P P P G C C A T T
  • 12. DNA IS MADE OF TWO STRANDS OF POLYNUCLEOTIDE P P P P P P C G G T A A P P P P P P G C C A T T Hydrogen bonds
  • 13. DNA IS MADE OF TWO STRANDS OF POLYNUCLEOTIDE  The sister strands of the DNA molecule run in opposite directions (antiparallel)  They are joined by the bases  Each base is paired with a specific partner: A is always paired with T G is always paired with C Purine with Pyrimidine  This the sister strands are complementary but not identical  The bases are joined by hydrogen bonds, individually weak but collectively strong
  • 15. Wilkins & Franklin (1952): X-ray crystallography
  • 17. Watson & Crick Base pairing
  • 18. The Double Helix (1953) Public Domain image