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Mixed initiative search
Maarten de Rijke
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www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
• Based on joint work with David Graus, Evangelos Kanoulas, Edgar
Meij, Daan Odijk, Ridho Reinanda, Manos Tsagkias, Christophe Van
Gysel, Nikos Voskarides, Wouter Weerkamp, Marcel Worring, Masrour
Zoghi
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It’s all about entities
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• Entities (people, locations, organizations, …) play central organizing
role
• In search
• in web search, up to 70% of the queries are entity queries (Lin et
al., 2012; Guo et al., 2011)
• in academic search, the proportion of queries that contain entities
is over 93% (Li et al., 2016)
• increasingly, entities are retrievable items
It’s all about entities
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search
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search
mothers
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Where are we now?
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• Diverse intents
• You know an entity by the stuff it hangs out with
• Words
• Facets
• Entities
• Organizations relations
• …
Information needs around entities
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• Mine search logs to discover aspects



• Prioritizing entity display
• Providing direct action
• “Query-less” entity-oriented 

diversification
• Supporting complex search tasks
• Knowledge base design/construction
Discovering entity aspects
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• Automatically generate human-readable
explanations of related entities

• Mine large volumes of text: fragments in which
entities co-occur
Entity relations
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• Update description of long tail
entity with information from range
of sources

• Learn to adjust representations
based on clicks
• Enriching the representation with
additional descriptions helps
improve retrieval
• Continuously updating the ranker
helps
Entity updates
KBER
DCER
sim
sim
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• Unsupervised model construction,
efficient entity capabilities query, and
semantic matching between query
terms and candidate entities

• Learn mappings between words and
entities, as well as distributed
representations of words and entities
• Words that are strongly evidential for
particular products are projected
nearby those products
• Very effective, highly scalable
Unsupervised entity ranking
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What is next?
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document list
action at
query
state st
user
environment
examine
document list
generate implicit
feedback
reward rt
implicit
feedback
evaluation
measureretrieval system
agentagent
action at
environment
reward rt
state st
Image taken from K. Hofmann, S. Whiteson, and M. de Rijke. Balancing exploration and exploitation in online learning to rank. In ECIR 2011, April 2011.
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• Go beyond the traditional search engine result page
• What should the search engine say?
• When should it switch?
With all of that information around an entity
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www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
• Old-fashioned search engine result page (SERP)?
• Direct answer?
• Engage in a conversation?
• Generate a news article?
• Produce a timeline?
• Multi-document summary?
• Wikipedia page?
What should a search engine say?
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www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
• Working with media professionals in an audiovisual archive
• It is their business to create narratives
• Wrapping extensive interviewing rounds with media professionals
• Next
• Annotate and mine semantic aspects of narratives media professionals
create
• Learning templates for SERP generation
• Learning to re-order elements on the SERP
• Generating natural language to connect the elements
Example: narrative search
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Example: Engage in a conversation
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www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
• Run an A/B test
• Explore online
• Learn from historical data (“counterfactual reasoning”)
When should should it switch?
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Would people buy it?
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www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
document list
action at
query
state st
user
environment
examine
document list
generate implicit
feedback
reward rt
implicit
feedback
evaluation
measureretrieval system
agentagent
action at
environment
reward rt
state st
Based on K. Hofmann, S. Whiteson, and M. de Rijke. Balancing exploration and exploitation in online learning to rank. In ECIR 2011, April 2011.
answer format
+
answers
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All content represents the opinion of the author(s), which is not necessarily shared or endorsed by their employer and/or sponsors.

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Mixed Initiative Search - Prof. Dr. Maarten de Rijke

  • 1. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partnerspartners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners Mixed initiative search Maarten de Rijke
  • 2. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Based on joint work with David Graus, Evangelos Kanoulas, Edgar Meij, Daan Odijk, Ridho Reinanda, Manos Tsagkias, Christophe Van Gysel, Nikos Voskarides, Wouter Weerkamp, Marcel Worring, Masrour Zoghi
  • 3. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nl It’s all about entities
  • 4. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Entities (people, locations, organizations, …) play central organizing role • In search • in web search, up to 70% of the queries are entity queries (Lin et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2011) • in academic search, the proportion of queries that contain entities is over 93% (Li et al., 2016) • increasingly, entities are retrievable items It’s all about entities
  • 5. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search search
  • 6. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search search mothers
  • 7. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 8. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 9. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 10. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 11. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 12. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 13. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 14. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 15. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 16. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nl Where are we now?
  • 17. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Diverse intents • You know an entity by the stuff it hangs out with • Words • Facets • Entities • Organizations relations • … Information needs around entities
  • 18. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Mine search logs to discover aspects
 
 • Prioritizing entity display • Providing direct action • “Query-less” entity-oriented 
 diversification • Supporting complex search tasks • Knowledge base design/construction Discovering entity aspects
  • 19. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Automatically generate human-readable explanations of related entities
 • Mine large volumes of text: fragments in which entities co-occur Entity relations
  • 20. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Update description of long tail entity with information from range of sources
 • Learn to adjust representations based on clicks • Enriching the representation with additional descriptions helps improve retrieval • Continuously updating the ranker helps Entity updates KBER DCER sim sim
  • 21. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Unsupervised model construction, efficient entity capabilities query, and semantic matching between query terms and candidate entities
 • Learn mappings between words and entities, as well as distributed representations of words and entities • Words that are strongly evidential for particular products are projected nearby those products • Very effective, highly scalable Unsupervised entity ranking
  • 22. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nl What is next?
  • 23. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search
  • 24. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search document list action at query state st user environment examine document list generate implicit feedback reward rt implicit feedback evaluation measureretrieval system agentagent action at environment reward rt state st Image taken from K. Hofmann, S. Whiteson, and M. de Rijke. Balancing exploration and exploitation in online learning to rank. In ECIR 2011, April 2011.
  • 25. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Go beyond the traditional search engine result page • What should the search engine say? • When should it switch? With all of that information around an entity
  • 26. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Old-fashioned search engine result page (SERP)? • Direct answer? • Engage in a conversation? • Generate a news article? • Produce a timeline? • Multi-document summary? • Wikipedia page? What should a search engine say?
  • 27. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Working with media professionals in an audiovisual archive • It is their business to create narratives • Wrapping extensive interviewing rounds with media professionals • Next • Annotate and mine semantic aspects of narratives media professionals create • Learning templates for SERP generation • Learning to re-order elements on the SERP • Generating natural language to connect the elements Example: narrative search
  • 28. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search Example: Engage in a conversation
  • 29. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search • Run an A/B test • Explore online • Learn from historical data (“counterfactual reasoning”) When should should it switch?
  • 30. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search Would people buy it?
  • 31. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search document list action at query state st user environment examine document list generate implicit feedback reward rt implicit feedback evaluation measureretrieval system agentagent action at environment reward rt state st Based on K. Hofmann, S. Whiteson, and M. de Rijke. Balancing exploration and exploitation in online learning to rank. In ECIR 2011, April 2011. answer format + answers
  • 32. This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners This is the presentation title this subline can be used for authors partners www.amsterdamdatascience.nlMixed initiative search All content represents the opinion of the author(s), which is not necessarily shared or endorsed by their employer and/or sponsors.