Professional Ethics in Health Care
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What is harm? Dismantling the concept, and applying it to genital mutilation of all kinds. Talk in 14th Symposium of Genital Autonomy in Keele University, Staffordshire, UK, in September 2016.
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Professional Ethics in Health Care
- 1. Seksuaalisuuden ja ihmissuhteiden asiantuntija - jo vuodesta 1969 Professional Ethics in Health Care What is harm? Dismantling the concept. Tommi Paalanen Philosopher & Ethicist Executive Director
- 2. MA, Doctor of Social Sciences, Philosopher, Ethicist Authorised Sexuality Educator and Sexual Health Promoter (NACS) Executive Director Sexpo Foundation Chair, Committee of Sexual Ethics Finnish Association for Sexology Member, Advisory Committee Co-Chair, Sexual Rights Committee World Association for Sexual Health Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016 Who?
- 3. Function Why does this profession exist? What are the goals of this profession? Why is this profession important or necessary? Praxis How will the goals be achieved? What works best? Professionality Who are the right people for the job? What kind of qualities, skills and virtues are needed? Fundamental questions Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 4. Furthering the goals effectively Avoiding adverse effects Professional ethics System defining ethical duties of a professional Safeguarding the rights of clients Setting ideals and virtues aiming at best practice Enabling and encouraging ethical discourse Ethical duties Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 5. Freedom An individual has the right to direct one’s own life All interventions against freedom must be justified Harm principle Interventions are justified only when one’s actions harm other people E.g. it is justified to use criminal law to prohibit actions and practices that harm other people Prohibition of harming Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 6. Varieties of damage E.g. physical, psychological, economical, environmental Elevated risks Limitations to freedom Cultural damage Definition by Joel Feinberg Harming is wrongfully setting back one's interests What is harm? Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 7. Interests are non-transferable Hierarchy First order and second order interests Second order interests are personal preferences Priority of vital interests Basic requirements for meaningful life E.g. ability to function, basic freedoms, stability Interests Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 8. Wrongfully = without valid ethical justification Valid justification for actions causing damage Fair and impartial rules Informed consent Claiming own rights Soft paternalism: protecting vital interests Wrongness Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 9. Voluntary informed consent requires: 1 Validity Consent must be expressed before or during activity Consent can be expressed vocally or by actions 2 Voluntarity Consent can’t be acquired by violence, coercion or deception Consent may always be revoked 3 Adequate information Consent requires adequate information and understanding This requirement must be reasonable 4 Absence of oppressive power relations Consent separates right from wrong Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016
- 10. Ethics cannot be based on… … laws or prevailing practices (legalism) … traditions or social norms (conservatism) … personal beliefs or sensibilities (subjectivism) … authority or social position (authoritarianism) … ideals or ideologies (moralism) What is it not? – Common fallacies Tommi Paalanen 25.8.2016