"This is a ppt for Better and clear understanding of The Human Skeletal System........ #its Classification #Joints and their Classification Hope so it will be helpful to you...........

1. By: Umair Khan
Medical Technnologist..

2. 
 When we talk about the Human skeletal system the
first thing which come to our minds are bones which
joint together to form a system known as Human
skeletal system.
 In an adult human there are 206 bones……..but a
human baby has 270 (ref: Wikipedia ) bones at birth
which gets decreased to 206 by fusion of many bones
together.
 The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum
density around age 21.
Introduction:

3. 
 Human skeletal system is divided into 02 categories.
1.Axial Skeletal 2. Appendicular Skeletal
Classification:

4. 
 The Axial skeleton is a part of skeletal system that
consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a
vertebrate.
 In human skeleton it consists of 80 bones and is
composed of four parts;
1: Skull bones
2: Ribcage
3: Sternum
4: Vertebral Column.
The Ossicles of middle ear may also included in this category
but not counted.
1.Axial Skeleton:

5. 
The Axial Skeleton

6. 
 There are total 22 bones in adult human skull.
 These 22 bones are divided into 02 categories.
1: Cranial Bones(08) 2: Facial Bones(14)
1: Cranial Bones:
There are 08 cranial bones which forms the cranium
which fit together at meeting points( joints) called sutures.
The cranial bones are following.
1. Frontal(01) 2. Occipital (01) 3. Temporal (02)
4. Parietal (02) 5. Sphenoid (01) 6. Ethmoid (01)
1. Bones of Skull

7. 

8. 
2. Facial Bones…….
The Facial bones are 14 in number and they are
arranged by our Allah Almighty in such a beautiful manner
which makes our Face very much fascinating then the other
creations present on the planet Earth.
Facial Bones are Following.
1. vomer(01) 2. Inferior nasal concha (02)
3. palatine (02) 4: Nasal bones (02)
All the above 07 mentioned bones are related to nose and
you can memorized them quite easily my focusing on nose
solely.
5. Lacrimal (02) 6. Zygomatic (02)
7. Maxilla (02) 8. Mandible (01)
The remaining 07 which are mentioned above are quite
easily understood.

9. 

10. 
 There are 24 ribs in a human ribcage in 12 pairs..
 These ribs pairs are classified as following.
1. True Ribs (07 1st to 7th )
Those ribs which has their own costal cartilage which
gets attach them to sternum
2. False Ribs (03 8th,9thand 10th )
Those ribs which don’t have their own costal
cartilage and uses the costal cartilage of 7th Rib to gets attach
with Sternum
3. Free Floating Ribs (02 last two pairs)
Those ribs which are not attached with the sternum
and remains free floating.
2. Ribcage

11. 
Red: True Ribs
Green: False Ribs
Blue: Free Floating

12. 
 The Vertebral column consists of 05 parts
1. Cervical Vertebrae (07)
2. Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
3. Lumbar Vertebrae (05)
4. Sacral Vertebrae (05)
5. Coccygeal Vertebrae (04)
There are total 33 Vertebrae in human Vertebral
column.
3. Vertebral Column

13. 

14. 
 Sternum is a long flat bone in the central part of the
chest. It is also called as Breast bone.
 It has 03 parts.
 1. Manubrium
 2. Body of Sternum
 3. Xiphoid process
4. Sternum

15. 
Green: Manubrium
Light Blue: Body of Sternum
Pink: Xiphoid process

16. 
 Calculations of Bones:
Total are 80 Bones
1. Skull Bones= 22
2. Ribs = 24
3. V.Column = 33
4. Sternum = 01
22+24+33+01= 80
Axial Skeleton Summary

17. 
Introduction:
The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the
skeleton in Humans consisting of the bones that
support appendages( External body part that protrudes
from an organism’s body).
Appendicular skeleton Includes:
1. Shoulder girdle 3.Arms and hands
2. pelvic Girdle 4. Legs and Feet.
2.Appendicular Skeleton

18. The Appendicular Skeleton

19. 
 Of the 206 Bones in the human skeleton, the
appendicular skeleton comprises 126.
 The Appendicular skeleton in divided into 06
Regions.
1. Shoulder Girdle (04 bones) 4. Pelvis (02)
2. Arms and forearms (06) 5. Thighs and legs (8)
3.Hands (54) 6. Feet and Ankle (52)
Bones of Appendicular
Skeleton

20. 
1. Shoulder Girdle
 The shoulder girdle is the set of bones in
appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on
each side.
 In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula.

21. 

22. 
2. Arms and Forearms (06)
It includes left and right hummers(02), ulna(02), and
radios(02)
3.Hands (54)
It includes left and right carpals (16), metacarpals (10),
phalanges (28)
4.Pelvis(02)
It includes left and right hip bone…
5. Thighs and legs(08)
It includes left and right femur(02), patella(02), tibia(02) and
fibula(02)
6. Feet and Ankle (52)
It includes left and right tarsals(14), metatarsals(10),
phalanges(28)

23. General View of the Bones

24. Bones of Hands

25. 
Bones of
ankle and
feet

26. 
 There are 126 Bones present in Appendicular
skeleton of humans…..
 Calculation is as follows………………………
1.Shoulder girdle(4) 4.Pelvis (2)
2.Arms and forearms (6) 5. Thighs and legs (8)
3. Hands (54) 6. Feet and ankle (52)
4+6+54+2+8+52=126
Summary of Appendicular
Skeleton

27. 
Introduction:
Joints which are also called as articulations are the
connection between different bones in the body which
links the skeletal system together into a functional
skeletal system.
They are constructed by Allah Almighty in such a
way to allow for different degrees and types of
movements.
Joints.

28. 
 Joints are mainly classified structurally and
functionally.
 Structural classification is determined by how the
bones connect to each other.
 Functional classification is determined by the degree
of movement between the articulating bones.
 In practice there is significant overlap between the
two classifications.
Classification of joints:

29. 
Structural Classification
Structural classification names and divides the joints according to
the type of binding tissue that connects the bones to each other.
There is four structural classification of joints.
1.Fibrous joint…(joint by dense connective tissue rich
in collagen fibers)
2. Cartilaginous joint…( Joint by cartilage…there are two
types…primary(composed of hyaline cartilage)….and secondary(
composed of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the
involved bones with fibrocartilage connecting them)
3. Synovial Joint…(Not directly joined…the bones have synovial
cavity…)
4. Facet joint….(Joint between two articular processes between two
vertebrae)

30. 
Examples>>>>>>
1. Fibrous joint……….
Joints of the skull,,, which are called
sutures…
2. Cartilaginous Joints………..
Primary…..Joints in the spines and ribs.
Secondary…Manibriosternal
joint……pubic symphysis…
3.Synovial joints….
joints between carpals, elbow joint,
radio-ulnar joint, wrist joint, shoulder joints etc…
4. Facet joints…….
Joints between two adjacent
vertebrae….

31. 
Functional Classification
 Joints can be classified functionally according to the types
of movement and degree of movement they allow…
 There is 3 types of Functional classification of joints..
1.Synarthrosis……
Types of joints which permits little of no mobility…
Most synarthorosis are Fibrous joint( joints of
skull,,sutures)
2. Amphiarthrosis…
Types of Joints which permits slight mobility..Most
amphiarthorosis joints are Cartilaginous joints..e.g.
intervertebral discs…
3. Diarthrosis………
Freely mobile joints are called diarthrosis
joints..Synovial joints are called as diarthrosis joints….

32. 
 There is 02 main classifications of joints…
 1.Structural 2. Functional….
 These two classifications are usually used overlaped
in practice…..
 Beside These two classification…It has others as well
which are following…
1.Anatomical Classification…….
2. Clinical/Numerical Classification….
3. Biomechanical Classification…..
Summary of Joints: