Databases are the prime technique used to develop any information system used in modern business. There are many different types of database available used for different purposes.

1. Presented by Shwe Yee Mya Win

2. › Introduction to Database
› Definition of different database type
› Characteristics & Features
› Appropriate Usages
› Advantages & Disadvantages

3. Database
A collection of interrelated data stored in a computer.

4. Importance of database
› Provide a highly efficient method for handling large amount of different types of
data with ease.
› Database allows data to be stored systematically and these data to be easily
retrieved, filtered, sorted and updated efficiently and accurately.

5. Simple database system that stores record in a plain text file
that have no structured relationships between each record.

6. CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES
› Store all data in one large table.
› Each line of the text holds one record.
› The first row in a flat file refers to the field name.
› The different fields in a record are separated by delimiters, such as vertical bar
“|” or a comma “,” or a semi-colon “;”.
› No folders or paths are used organize the data.
› Cannot store graphical documents but only text.
› Data stored in it are searchable by using keywords, phrases or both.

7. Where to use ?
› Ideal for storing very small amounts of simple data that could be manually
manageable.
For example:
We can use flat file database to store records of funding or savings for a small group of
people because there is not many fields, the use of multiple table is not necessary as
well and there is no complex process to perform.

8. ADVANTAGES
› Easier to setup and use.
› Consume less space.
› No special software or hardware
requirements.
› Often free or cheap.
DISADVANTAGES
› Prone to data corruption or duplication.
› Prone to error.
› Hard to update or modify.
› Poor access control.
› Cannot perform complex process

9. More advanced and efficient type of database which can store
very large amount of data in a set of tables that are linked
together.

10. CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES
› Use of multiple tables to store records and each table is composed of records in
rows & columns.
› Each column is a field which represents a particular type of information of the entity
and each row lists as one record.
› Each field in a table has its own data type.
› Each row contains a unique instance of data to uniquely identifies a record.
› Records within the tables are linked to records held in other tables through a
relationship.
› The statements of inserting, retrieving, updating and deleting data in relational
databases are made by queries which are written in SQL.

11. Where to use ?
› Widely used in many different industries ranging from small to large companies
to:_
– store financial records of the whole industry,
– keep track of inventory,
– hold customer and supplier information
– keep track of customer orders
– keep records on employees and etc.

12. ADVANTAGES
› Can store vast amount of data.
› Ensures data integrity
› Easily extendable and modifiable
› Facilitates data accessibility, searchability,
and reporting.
› Better performance
› Allow multiple users
› Advanced data security
DISADVANTAGES
› Steep learning curve.
› Expensive to set up & maintain.
› Require sophisticated hardware and
networking setups.
› Presents a double-edged sword.

13. Type of database where data are organized in a tree structure
that links a number of different elements to one "parent,"
primary record.

14. CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES
› The top of the tree is the parent and the branches are children.
› All attributes of a specific record are listed under an entity type (parent).
› An entity type is the equivalent of a table.
› Each individual record is represented as a row and an attribute as a column.
› Each record type has only one parent.
› Entity types are related to each other using one-to-many relationship.

15. Where to use ?
› Most relevant to use in the situation where the primary focus of information is
gathered on a single data element such as a list of business departments,
employee organization in corporations or assets.
› For example, we can use the hierarchical schema for part of the COMPANY database.

16. ADVANTAGES
› Easier to understand.
› Simplifies data overview.
› Easier to work with because of its
linear type data storage
DISADVANTAGES
› Predefined tree structure reduces flexibility.
› Many too many relationships not
supported.
› Slow because access to a child segment
can only be done through the parent
segment

17. Type of basic database that is made to run on a single computer.

18. CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES
 Allows file system level access to data, rather than access via a database server.
 Usually come with rich, visual data-centric user interfaces
 Like text database, each row is a single record but each field is in a separate
column
 Offer a range of functionality for smaller data sets but do not generally support
the kinds of advanced predictive analytics and data mining.
 Widely used in small systems where expensive client-server databases are
unnecessary and simple table-based access is more familiar to users

19. ADVANTAGES
› Cheaper to implement and maintain.
› User friendly database environment.
› Does not require sophisticated
hardware and networking setups.
DISADVANTAGES
› Low Security.
› Limited performance & capability.
› Cannot represent complex data
relationships.
› Data redundancy is common especially
when the amount of data increases.

20. REFERENCE
› https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25956/flat-file
› http://www.jegsworks.com/lessons/ComputerBasics/lesson1-2/lesson2-
4database.htm
› https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_database_model
› https://www.techopedia.com/definition/19782/hierarchical-database
› http://databasemanagement.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Hierarchical_Data_Model
› http://www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/information-technology/hierarchical-data-
model.php