http://www.fieldcasetudy.com Tapeworms is common problem in conventional poultry farms. Cestodes require an intermediate host (eg, insects, earthworms). Floor layers, breeders, and broilers are infected with Raillietina cesticillus by ingestion of the intermediate host, small beetles that breed in contaminated litter. Cage layers in unscreened houses may become infected with Choanotaenia infundibulum by eating its intermediate host, the house fly. Litter beetles in proximity may also serve as intermediate hosts.