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Holy books and saints
1. HOLY BOOKS
HOLY SAINTS
BHAGVAT GITA
QURAN
BIBLE
GURU GRANTH SAHIB
BABA GURU NANAK
KABIR
TULSIDAS
VALMIKI
2. Religious texts, also known as scripture, scriptures,
holy writ, or holy books, are the texts which various
religious traditions consider to be sacred, or central to
their religious tradition. Many religions and spiritual
movements believe that their sacred texts are divinely
or supernaturally revealed or inspired.
3. A saint is one who has been recognized for having an
exceptional degree of holiness. While the English term "saint"
originated in Christianity, historians of religion now use the
term "in a more general way to refer to the state of special
holiness that many religions attribute to certain people,"[1] with
the Jewish Tzadik, the Islamic Mu'min, the Hindu rishi or guru,
and the Buddhist
or bodhisattva also referred to as saints. Depending on the
religion, saints are recognized either through official church
recognition or by popular acclaim (see folk saints).[1][2]
In Christianity, "saint" has a wide variety of meanings,
depending on its usage and the denomination. The original
Christian usage referred to any believer who is "in Christ" and in
whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth.[3]
4. The Bhagavad Gita (Sanskrit: श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता,
Śrīmadbhagavadgītā, pronounced [ˈbʱəɡəʋəd̪
ɡiːˈt̪aː] ( listen)), literally meaning The Song of the
Bhagavan, often referred to as simply the Gita, is a
700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Hindu
epic Mahabharata.
The Gita is set in a narrative framework of a
dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his
guide and charioteer Krishna. Facing the duty as a
warrior to fight the Dharma Yudhha or righteous
war between Pandavas and Kauravas, Arjuna is
counselled by Krishna to "fulfill his Kshatriya
(warrior) duty as a warrior and establishing
Dharma."[1] Inserted[1] in this appeal to kshatriya
dharma (chivalry)[2] is "a dialogue [...] between
diverging attitudes concerning and methods toward
the attainment of liberation (moksha)".[3]
5. The Quran (English pronunciation: /kɔrˈɑːn/[n 1] kor-
AHN; Arabic: القرآن al-qur'ān, IPA: [qurˈʔaːn],[n 2] literally
meaning "the recitation"; also romanised Qur'an or
Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which
Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Arabic: هللا ,
Allah).[1] Its scriptural status among a world-spanning
religious community, and its major place within world
literature generally, has led to a great deal of secondary
literature on the Quran.[2] Quranic chapters are called
suras and verses are called ayahs.
Manuscript of the Quran. Brooklyn Museum.
11th-century North African Quran in the British
Museum.
Quran - in Mashhad, Iran - written by Ali.
Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God
to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril),[3][4]
gradually over a period of approximately 23 years,
beginning on 22 December 609 CE,[5]
6. The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía,
"the books") is a canonical collection of texts
sacred in Judaism and Christianity. There is no
single "Bible" and many Bibles with varying
contents exist.[1] The term Bible is shared between
Judaism and Christianity, although the contents
of each of their collections of canonical texts is
not the same. Different religious groups include
different books within their Biblical canons, in
different orders, and sometimes divide or
combine books, or incorporate additional
material into canonical books.
7. Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi (Gurmukhi): ਗੁਰੂ ਗਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ,
pronounced [ɡʊɾu ɡɾəntʰ sɑhɪb]) is the central religious text of Sikhism,
considered by Sikhs to be the final, sovereign guru among the lineage of
11 Sikh Gurus of the religion.[1] It is a voluminous text of 1430 Angs
(pages), compiled and composed during the period of Sikh gurus from
1469 to 1708[1] and is a collection of hymns (Shabad) or Baani describing
the qualities of God[2] and the necessity for meditation on God's nām
(holy name). Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), the tenth guru, after
adding Guru Tegh Bahadur's bani to the Adi Granth,[3][4] affirmed the
sacred text as his successor.[5] The text remains the holy scripture of the
Sikhs, regarded as the teachings of the Ten Gurus.[6] The role of Guru
Granth Sahib as a source or guide of prayer[7] is pivotal in Sikh worship.
The Adi Granth, the first rendition, was first compiled by the fifth Sikh
guru, Guru Arjun (1563–1606), from hymns of the first five Sikh gurus
and 15 other great saints, or bhagats, including some from both Hindu
and Muslim faiths.[2] Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru, added all
115 of Guru Tegh Bahadur's hymns to the Adi Granth, and this second
rendition became known as Guru Granth Sahib.[8] After the tenth Sikh
guru died, Baba Deep Singh and Bhai Mani Singh prepared many copies
of the work for distribution.[9]
8. Guru Nanak pronunciation (help·info)[1]
(Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; Hindi: गुरु नानक, Urdu:
گرونانک,[ˈ ɡʊɾu ˈnɑnək] Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469
– 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism
and the first of the Sikh Gurus. His birth is
celebrated world-wide on Kartik Puranmashi, the
full-moon day which falls on different dates each
year in the month of Katak, October–November.[2]
Guru Nanak travelled far and wide teaching
people the message of one God who dwells in
every one of God's creations and constitutes the
eternal Truth.[3] He set up a unique spiritual,
social, and political platform based on equality,
fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.[4][5][6]
9. Kabīr (also Kabīra) (Hindi: कबीर, Punjabi: ਕਬੀਰ,
Urdu: (کبير )c. 1440 – c. 1518)[1][2][3][4] was a mystic poet
and saint of India, whose writings have greatly
influenced the Bhakti movement. The name Kabir
comes from Arabic al-Kabīr which means "The Great" –
the 37th name of God in Islam.
Kabir's legacy is today carried forward by the Kabir
panth ("Path of Kabir"), a religious community that
recognises him as its founder and is one of the Sant Mat
sects. Its members, known as Kabir panthis, are
estimated to be around 9.6 million. They are spread
over north and central India, as well as dispersed with
the Indian diaspora across the world, up from 843,171 in
the 1901 census.[5] His writings include Bijak, Sakhi
Granth, Kabir Granthawali and Anurag Sagar.[6]
10. Tulsidas (Hindi pronunciation: [t̪ʊls̪iːd̪aːs̪], also
known as Goswami Tulsidas;[4] 1497/1532[1]–1623)
was a Hindu poet-saint, reformer and philosopher
from Ramanandi Sampradaya in the lineage of
Jagadguru Ramanandacharya renowned for his
devotion to the Lord Shri Rama . A composer of
several popular works, he is best known as the
author of the epic Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of
the Sanskrit Ramayana based on Rama's life in the
vernacular Awadhi.
Tulsidas was acclaimed in his lifetime to be a
reincarnation of Valmiki, the composer of the
original Ramayana in Sanskrit.[5] He is also
considered to be the composer of the Hanuman
Chalisa, a popular devotional hymn dedicated to
Hanuman, the divine devotee of Rama.[6]
11. Valmiki (/vɑːlˈmiːki/;[1] Sanskrit: वाल्मीकक
Vālmīki)[2] is celebrated as the harbinger-
poet in Sanskrit literature. He is the author
of the epic Rāmāyaṇa, based on the
attribution in the text of the epic itself.[3]
He is revered as the Ādi Kavi, which
translates to First Poet, for he invented
śloka[4] (i.e. first verse or epic metre),
which set the base and defined the form to
Sanskrit poetry.
12. A religious symbol is an iconic representation
intended to represent a specific religion, or a specific
concept within a given religion.
The Christian cross has traditionally been a symbol
representing Christianity or Christendom as a whole.
In the course of cultural relativism as it developed in
the western world in the late 20th century, there have
been efforts to design comparable "symbols"
representing all of the world's religions.
Thus, the United States military chaplain symbols
were limited to Christian and Jewish symbolism
before the 1990s. In 1990, they were expanded by a
wheel of dharma supposed to represent Buddhism,
and in 1992 by a crescent moon supposed to represent
Islam. Use of an Aum symbol representing Hinduism
was in planning as of 2011.