3. -The disease is caused by a virus called Newcastle Disease
Virus (NDV)
-Virus classification :
+ Negative single strand RNA virus
+ Order : Mononegaveralis
+ Famiy : Paramyxoviridae
+ Genus: Avulavirus
+ Species : Newcastle disease virus (NDV)

4. - Virus strains :
+ Lentogenic NDV
+ Mesogenic NDV
+ Velogenic NDV (The strongest strain )
- It is a pantropic virus which has more than one
tropism
( Nervous system and respiratory system )

5. Transmission occurs by exposure to faecal
and other excretions from infected birds, and
through contact with contaminated
food, water, equipment and clothing.
High concentrations of the NDV are found in
birds' bodily discharges; therefore, the
disease can be spread easily by mechanical
means. Virus-bearing material can be picked
up on shoes and clothing and carried from an
infected flock to a healthy one.

7. -Newcastle disease is a contagious bird disease affecting
many domestic and wild avian species; it is transmissible to
humans.
Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high
susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epizootic on the
poultry industries. It is endemic to many countries.
Exposure of humans to infected birds (for example in
poultry processing plants) can cause mild conjunctivitis
and influenza-like symptoms, but the Newcastle disease
virus (NDV) otherwise poses no hazard to human health.
Interest in the use of NDV as an anticancer agent has
arisen from the ability of NDV to selectively kill human
tumour cells with limited toxicity to normal cells.

8. Field diagnosis
Clinical
symptoms
Laboratory diagnosis
Post-mortem
symptoms

9. + It depend on the strain of the NDV , health , age
and species of the poultry
+ It includes respiratory and nervous symptoms
+The incubation period for the disease ranges
from two to 15 days

10. 1-Gasping
2-Coughing

13. swelling of the tissues around the eyes
and neck

14. Watery greenish diarrhea
Normal
Feaces in case of
diarrhea

15. -Reduce in egg production
-Thin egg shell

16. -Sudden death

17. -Multifocal petechial hemorrhage in
The trachea (mild hemorrhage)

18. -Pulmonary congestion and edema

19. -Edema and petechial hemorrhage
in proventriculus
proventriculus
Gizzard

20. -Hemorrhage in the whole intestine

21. -Hemorrhage in liver
Normal liver

22. 1-Serological tests:
ELISA- FAT – HI
2-Detection of virus nucleic acid:
PCR-Hybridization
3-Isolation of the virus:
Tissue culture –Embryonic Chicken Egg

26. samples are obtained by swabbing the
trachea and the cloaca. Cotton swabs can
be used. The virus can also be isolated from
the lungs, brain, spleen, liver, and kidneys.

27. Any animals showing symptoms of
Newcastle disease should be quarantined
immediately. New birds should also be
vaccinated before being introduced to a
flock. An inactivated viral vaccine is
available, as well as various combination
vaccines.
Antibiotic can be given to prevent bacterial
infection.