1. VIJAI KRISHNAN V
M. Tech
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology
Kottayam, Kerala
2. Issues in Transportation..?
Increased number of vehicles
Congestion – pollution, travel time and cost
Increased accident rates – driver, road, weather,
vehicle
Real time and accurate data collection
Lack of co-ordination b/w transportation systems
Emergency assistance
3. Possible solutions...?
1. Construct new roads
Expensive – 8-9Cr./km for NH
Land
Political issues
2. Reduce traffic
Alternate transports – Railways, Metro, Mono-rail
Expensive
3. Increase existing infrastructure capacity
ITS
4. Intelligent Transportation System
(ITS)
Application of Internet of Things (IoT)
ITS
Integrated application of advanced technologies using
electronics, computers, communication & sensing devices in
transportation system in order to improve efficiency & safety.
5. Benefits of ITS
Secure, safe and comfortable movement of road users
Reduce - Delay and congestion
- Travel time
- Waiting time at signals
- Queue length at signals
- Fuel consumption
- Air pollution
Increase convenience and road user satisfaction
Parking information, guidance & alerts to drivers
6.
7. 1. Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS)
2. Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)
3. Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)
4. Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS)
5. Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)
6. Emergency Management Systems (EMS)
7. Electronic Payment (EP)
8. Advanced Traffic Management
System (ATMS)
Strategy Description Requirement
Incident
Management
Early detection & response to
unscheduled events
• Incident detection / confirmation
• Emergency response / motorist
assistance
• Pre-trip and en-route advisory
Corridor
Management
Balancing level of service
among alternate parallel
routes within a corridor
• Event and travel time monitoring
• Pre-trip and en-route advisory
Network
Management
Balancing level of service
within the network as a
function of current conditions
• Event and travel time monitoring
• Pre-trip and en-route advisory
Travel Demand
Management
Improving traffic flow by
managing travel demand
• Congestion pricing
• Ramp metering
Congestion
Management
Mitigating the impacts of
recurring and non-recurring
congestion
• Congestion monitoring
• Pre-trip and en-route advisory
• Lane & Ramp metering
9. Objectives of ATMS
i. Increase average travel speed
ii. Reduce vehicle delays
iii. Decrease average travel time
iv. Reduce number of collisions
v. Improve incident detection system
vi. Reduce incident duration
vii. Increase field equipment utilization
viii. Reduce secondary incidents
ix. Improve driver response
10. Advanced Traveler Information
System (ATIS)
Pre-trip Information
Provides - Real flow condition
- Alternate routes
- Scheduled road construction &
maintenance
Helps to decide - Time of departure
- Mode & route to be used
Economical & comfortable planning of the journey
27. Pre-Crash Restraint Deployment
Hold people in their seat and prevent from being injured
during collision
Automatic seat-belts:- pre-tensioners
Airbags:– thin nylon fabric – inflate on impact – 80 ms
28. Safety Readiness
Provide information on the vehicle condition
Coolant level
Engine oil and brake fluid levels
Tyre pressure
Malfunction warnings
Seat-belt warning
Door open warnings
Over speed warnings
29. Advanced Public Transport System
(APTS)
Public Transport Management
Provide real time analysis of vehicles and facilities
GPS-based Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
Identifies deviation from schedules
Assure transfer connection between vehicles and modes
Computer-aided dispatch (CAD)
Automatic Passenger counting
Real-time & Web-based passenger information
Traffic Signal Priority integration
Next stop automated vehicle annunciation
30.
31. Benefits
Enhance operating efficiency
Increase service reliability
Reduce commute time
32. Shared Transport Management
Share the vehicle and cost for journey
Hybrid b/w private vehicle and mass transit
Car and van pooling
Shared taxis
Reduce GHG emissions
33. Commercial Vehicle Operations
(CVO)
• Enhance safety and efficiency of goods vehicle
• Control or prevent theft of goods
• Monitor movement of vehicles
• Automatic vehicle clearance at check-post/toll plazas
34. CV Pre-clearance
Safety status, vehicle credentials, size and weight
Only illegal vehicles separated for inspection
Automatic Vehicle Identification
RFID
WIM
ANPR Camera
GST
VAAHAN Portal, MoRTH
35. CV On-board Safety Monitoring
Monitor speed, acceleration, braking force
Forward Collision Warning system to avoid tailgating
Roll Stability Advisor (RSA) records high lateral forces
on curves to avoid rollover
Lane change/departure warning
ABS
Autonomous Emergency Braking
“Intelli-seat” by IIT Madras
Driver drowsiness warning system
CCTV camera to avoid blind spot
Cruise control
36. CV On-board Fleet Management
GPS tracking
Mileage and fuel consumption
Driver behavior – training to dangerous & inefficient
drivers
Remote Vehicle Disabling System – prevent stealing
37.
38. Automated Roadside Safety Inspection
Weigh-in-Motion
Automated thermal imaging system
Under vehicle area scanning
Tyre Anomaly and Classification System
39.
40. Emergency Management System
(EMS)
Emergency Notification and Personal Security
Notify appropriate emergency response personnel
regarding the need for assistance in case of emergency
Driver & Personal Security – user initiated
Automated Collision Notification
41.
42. Emergency Vehicle Management
Reduce time b/w notification & arrival at incident
location
Identify most closest & appropriate response vehicle
Route guidance
Signal priority & pre-emption
Traffitizer
47. 1. Wireless Communications
2. Computational Technologies
3. Floating Car/Floating Cellular Data
4. Sensing Technologies
5. Inductive Loop Detection
6. Video Vehicle Detection
7. Bluetooth Detection
48. Wireless Communication
Radio Modem Communication
UHF and VHF
Range: 10-40 miles
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)
V2V & V2I communication
Range: 350m
Fast & high reliability
RFID in ETC
49. Long Range Communication
Provide continuous communication
WiMAX – 30 miles (50km)
GSM or 3G
Requires extensive and expensive infrastructure
eCall
50. Computational Technologies
Use model-based process control & AI
Requires real time operating systems, costly micro-
processors, memory and hardware – installed in
vehicles
Eg:- Advance Driver Assistance Systems
51. Floating Car Data/Floating Cellular
Data
To determine traffic speed
Uses cellular data, to detect :
Direction of travel
Speed
Travel time
Congestion
No additional hardware required on road
52. Sensing Technologies
Sensors include
Seismic, thermal, IR, acoustic, magnetic etc
Capable to monitor
Temperature, humidity, pressure, vehicle movement,
noise, speed, direction etc
Low cost and low power
Enhance safety
Eg:- RFID, micro-chips
53. Inductive Loop Detection
Change in magnetic flux induce electric current in a
wire
Cost-effective technique
Used to
Vehicle count
Speed
Length
Class of vehicle
Detect the presence of vehicles
54. Video Vehicle Detection
Used for
Traffic-flow Measurement
Automatic Incident Detection
Vehicle Counting
Lane occupancy measurement
Gap & headway
Detecting wrong-way vehicles
Lane-by-lane vehicle speed measurement
Reduces cost for data collection
Eg:- ANPR Camera, CCTVs
55. Bluetooth Detection
Short range communication
Accurate & inexpensive
Used for
Travel time measurement
OD Matrix data collection
56.
57.
58.
59. 1. Video Surveillance System (CCTV)
2. Video Incident Detection System (VDIS)
3. Vehicle Actuated Speed Display
4. Emergency Road Side Telephone System
5. Variable Message Sign
6. Meteorological Data System (MET)
7. Weigh-in-Motion System
8. Automatic Traffic Counter-cum-Classifier
(ATCC)
9. Network/Communication Infrastructure
10. Mobile Radio Communication System
11. ATMS Control Centre
60. Video Surveillance System (CCTV)
Monitor vehicular & road related activity
Colour, shape and vehicle class – 1000m ahead
IR filter & Internal heater
Communication – Wired Ethernet/OFC/WiFi
61. Video Incident Detection System
(VIDS)
Automatic detection of incidents and generation of
visual alerts or alarms
Warning to nearby travelers / road-users
Detect incidents like:-
Vehicle in wrong directions
Stalled vehicles
Queuing up of vehicles
Obstructing objects on roads
Poor visibility (smog/dust/fog)
63. Emergency Roadside Telephone
System
To make emergency calls to report incidents
Hands-free operation – built in speaker & mic
Activate/Call button to initiate call
Dial each number in sequence
Record message, if lines are busy
2km interval
64. Variable Message Signs (VMS)
Advance information of road conditions ahead
Road incidents
Special events
Construction or maintenance activities on road
Advises to opt alternate route
Not for advertising
1 - 1.5km prior to decision point
65.
66. Weigh-in-Motion
To log, monitor & enforce load criteria
ANPR Camera
Indicate - vehicle class
- breach of length & weight
67. Meteorological Data System (MET)
Wind sensors – velocity & direction
Visibility sensors – precipitation, fog, dust storm
Atmospheric sensors – ambient temperature & relative
humidity
Road condition sensors – road surface temperature
68. Automatic Traffic Counter-cum-
Classifier (ATCC)
Identify, classify & record all types of vehicles
Informs current traffic conditions – VMS & Mob. Apps
To perform statistical analysis
Piezo-electric sensors & inductive loops
Time/date
Speed
Direction
No. of axles
Axle spacing
69. Mobile Radio Communication
System
Wireless communication b/w ATMS Control Centre &
Vehicle Mounted Units for Emergency response
Ambulances, Cranes & Patrolling vehicles
Vehicle mounted unit integrated with GPS
70. Travel Time Estimation System
To estimate travel time b/w two defined locations on a
highway segment
Matching RFID read at source(start) with that at
destination(end of segment) and calculating the time
difference
Toll plazas – 500 m either side
71. Network Infrastructure for Data
Communication
Connectivity b/w ATMS Control Centre and outdoor
equipment
72. ATMS Control Centre
All activities of ATMS are controlled
Safety/Enforcement related alerts & reports
Equipment related alerts / reports
Sub-system related alerts & events
Displayed on Video wall
App for road users, enforcement, route patrol agencies
73. Components:
Central Computer Server
Emergency call management equipment & software
Integrated Traffic Management console
ATMS Software
Mobile radio operator & configuration equipment &
software
Communication equipment & Network Management
System
Uninterrupted power supply
74.
75.
76.
77. Red Light Violation Detection
(RLVD)
Detect and store red light jumping vehicle
Reduce accident at intersection by enforcement
ANPR Camera
Integrated with RTO Database
Offended vehicle’s driver is booked for punishment
78.
79. Safety features in new vehicles
Hill descent & ascent control
ABS with EBD
TCS
ESP
Airbags
Automatic /AMT Transmission
Emergency Braking
Reverse Park Assist
Auto-dim & dynamic cornering headlights
80. Contd...
Rain sensing wipers
Speed sensing door locks
Navigation systems
Voice recognition
Speed governors
81. Issues in Implementing ITS in India
Resistance from professional drivers and unions
Hacking
Terrorism
High equipment and maintenance cost
Lack of interest & user awareness