DC MACHINE-Motoring and generation, Armature circuit equation
Unit 1 part-1
1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS
Computer
Network
Computer Networks
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3. CONTENT
Networks
Network Types
Internet History
Standards and Administration
Protocol Layering
ISO Model
TCP/IP protocol Suite
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4. NETWORKS
Interconnection of an object is called a network
Interconnection of a computer is called a computer
networks
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes)
connected by communication links.
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device
capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by
other nodes on the network.
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5. NETWORK TYPES
Based on the way we connect
Based on the Geographical Area
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6. TYPES OF CONNECTIONS:
POINT-TO-POINT AND MULTIPOINT
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8. A FULLY CONNECTED MESH TOPOLOGY (FIVE DEVICES)
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9. A STAR TOPOLOGY CONNECTING FOUR STATIONS
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10. A BUS TOPOLOGY CONNECTING THREE STATIONS
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11. A RING TOPOLOGY CONNECTING SIX STATIONS
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12. A HYBRID TOPOLOGY: A STAR BACKBONE WITH THREE
BUS NETWORKS
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13. AN ISOLATED LAN CONNECTING 12 COMPUTERS TO A
HUB IN A CLOSET
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14. WANS: A SWITCHED WAN AND A POINT-TO-POINT WAN
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15. A HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK MADE OF FOUR WANS
AND TWO LANS
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16. INTERNET HISTORY
The Internet has revolutionized many aspects of our
daily lives.
It has affected the way we do business as well as the
way we spend our leisure time.
The Internet is a communication system that has
brought a wealth of information to our fingertips and
organized it for our use.
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17. HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE INTERNET
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18. STANDARDS AND PROTOCOL
First, we define protocol, which
is synonymous with rule.
Then we discuss standards,
which are agreed-upon rules.
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19. PROTOCOL LAYERING
We use the concept of layers in our daily life.
As an example, let us consider two friends who
communicate through postal mail.
The process of sending a letter to a friend would be
complex if there were no services available from the
post office.
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21. ISO MODEL
Established in 1947, the International Standards
Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to
worldwide agreement on international standards.
An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network
communications is the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model. It was first introduced in the late 1970s.
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23. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL
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24. AN EXCHANGE USING THE OSI MODEL
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25. PHYSICAL LAYER
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The physical layer is responsible for movements of
individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.
26. DATA LINK LAYER
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The data link layer is responsible for moving
frames from one hop (node) to the next.
28. NETWORK LAYER
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The network layer is responsible for the
delivery of individual packets from
the source host to the destination host.
29. SOURCE TO DESTINATION DELIVERY
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30. TRANSPORT LAYER
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The transport layer is responsible for the delivery
of a message from one process to another.
31. RELIABLE PROCESS-TO-PROCESS DELIVERY OF A
MESSAGE
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32. SESSION LAYER
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The session layer is responsible for dialog
control and synchronization.
33. PRESENTATION LAYER
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The presentation layer is responsible for translation,
compression, and encryption.
34. APPLICATION LAYER
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The application layer is responsible for
providing services to the user.
36. TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly
match those in the OSI model.
The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having
four layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and
application.
However, when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say that
the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers: physical,
data link, network, transport, and application.
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37. TCP/IP AND OSI MODEL
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38. SUMMARY
Networks
Network Types
Internet History
Standards and Administration
Protocol Layering
ISO Model
TCP/IP protocol Suite
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