Garima Sharma B.Sc. Interior Design (Residential Design portfolio)

Garima Sharma
B.SC. INTERIOR DESIGN
1ST Year Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College, India
www.dezyneecole.com
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN
PORTFOLIO
RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

Project report on
Residential Design
Submitted to
Dezyne E’cole college
towards the partial fulfillment for
the award of Diploma in
Interior Design as
Technical Knowledge Development of
Residential Space Planning
included with the
Bachelor Degree program of Interior Design
By
Garima Sharma
Dezyne E’cole College
Civil lines, Ajmer
www.dezyneecole.com
2014-2017

The Project of Ms. Garima Sharma has been checked and has been graded as
Thanking You
Principal
(Seal & Signature)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project “Residential Space Planning” has enlightened me about various aspects of planning a
residential building.
I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E'Cole College and to my mentors who gave me the opportunity to
know about the various aspects of residential space planning and helped me in preparing my project.
Garima Sharma B.Sc. - Interior design

INTRODUCTION
To Be Creative Is A Part Of Human Psyche. It Is One Of Those Traits That Set Us Apart From Other Animal
Species And We Have Practiced It For Millennia. Even When Our Prime Need Was To Find Food And
Shelter, We Felt A Desire To Leave Our Mark On The Environment That We Inhabited. Whether This Was
To Satisfy Some Deep Spiritual Calling Or A Method Of Passing On A Vital Knowledge To Fellow Group
Members, Or Whether It Was Simply A Way For An Individual To Satisfy An Urge To Leave His Mark For
Future Generations, We Will Never Know. For Just As Long, People Have Turned Inquisitive Minds To
Ways Of Solving Problems Such As How To Work More Efficiently, How To Live More Comfortably And
How To Be Safe From Danger.
Today, These Primitive And Fundamental Indicators Of Human Nature May Be Expressed In More
Sophisticated And Developed Ways, But The Primal Simplicity Of Our Human Desire To Make A “Better”
And More Comfortable World For Ourselves Is Evidenced Through, Amongst Other Things., How We
Organize The Space That We Inhabit, And The Aesthetic That We Make For Them. As We Have Become
More Affluent And Blessed With More Leisure Time, Style Has Become More Important To Us And Is
Something With Which We Want To Imbue Our Homes. But ‘Style’ Is A Very Personal Notion, So Why
Should Anyone Look To Employ Someone Else, An Interior Designer, To Tell Them What Is Right? Why, For
That Matter, Should We As A Designer Presume To Impose Our Ideas Upon A Space That Isn’t Our Own?

The Answer Of This Interior Design Is All About So Much More Than ‘What Looks Right’. It Is About Taking
Holistic View Of The Way That Individuals Use And Enjoy The Spaces That They Inhabit. It Is About Finding
And Crating A Cohesive Answer To A Set Of Problems And Dressing The Solutions So As To Unify And
Strengthen Our Experience Of The Space. Many People Understand This And That They Do Not Have The
Necessary Skills To Tackle The Job Themselves. And So There Is The Need For Professional Interior Designers.
Good Interior Design Adds A New Dimension To A Space. It Can Increase Our Efficiency In The Way We Go
About Our Daily Lives And It Adds Depth Understanding And Meaning Of The Built Environment. Thoughtful
And Well-crafted Design Makes A Space Easier To Understand And Experiencing Such A Space Lifts The Spirit.
It Is, Therefore, Not Just About Aesthetic, It Is A Practical And Philosophical Design.
Beautiful Spaces Betray A Logical And Rational Questioning Of The Status Quo And Can Be An Honest
Attempt To Find New And Exciting Way To Lead Our Lives. Planners Are Often Asked To Make Estimates Of
Space Needs Before Having An Opportunity To Make Policies Or Detailed Plans For Operations. Here The
Interior Designer Studies About The Space And Its Surrounding Influences On It , Like Orientation Of The
Space ,Day Lighting, Ventilation, HVAC ,Lighting, Landscaping All Depending On The Personality Of The
Space. These Then Lead To Development Of The Structural Features Of The Building As It Influences The
Utilization Of The Space.

Interior Decorators On The Other Hand Generally Work With Existing Spaces That Do Not Require Physical
Alteration. Through The Use Of Color ,Light And Surface Finish , They Will Transform The Look Of The Space,
Perhaps Making It Suitable To Function In A Different Way From That For Which It Was Originally Designed ,
But With Very Little Or No Change To The Structure Of The Building. The Scope Of The Projects Undertaken
Will Vary From The Purely Decorative . To Ones Where A Great Deal Of Structural Change Is Required To
Meet The Brief. An Interior Designer Will Completely Handle The Space Planning And Creation Of Decorative
Scheme At The Same Time As Considering Major Structural Changes.
Lets Understand The Work Of An Interior Designer.
1. Interior Design As A Skill Branch:
Building Engineering Was A Pioneer Design Field Out Of Which Many Specialties Like Architecture, Civil
Engineering And Interior Designing Have Separated . All These Skills Deal With Buildings Using Many
Common Materials And Techniques . Interior Design As A Result Has Certain Affinity To Architecture . In
Recent Years Many Other Design Skills Like Urban Design, Town Planning, Mass Or Public Housing, Landscape
Architecture Etc. Have Merged From Architecture . In Future Many Other Skills May Also Emerge From
Interior Design.

2.Building And Design Interventions:
A Building Once Constructed Is Initially Readied For Occupation By The Original Designer . However Buildings
Last For Ages And During The Lifespan , Must Be Altered And Updated Several Times. Architects Or Building
Engineers Are Unavailable , Or Have No Income Incentive For Such ‘Frivolity’. During Early Middle Ages Or
Perhaps Even Earlier , Low-skilled ‘Art-painters’ Were Hired To Paint And Decorate Old Buildings Inside And
Outside . The Painters Known As Decorators , Worked Along With Associates , To Not Only Paint But
Undertake Repairs, Make Furniture And Update Furnishings. Many Crafts-persons Like , Iron-smiths,
Guilders, Glass Blowers , Weavers, Embroiders, Rug And Carpet Makers, Sculptors, Mural Makers Were
Associated With The Decorator As Jobbers And Suppliers . Later All These Services Were Handled By A Person
, The Interior Decoration Was A Service For The Building But Always Was Distinct From The Architect From
The Architecture Or Building Engineering. Interior Decorator Was Neither A Variant, Nor Subservient To The
Architect.
3. Interior Decorator To Interior Designer:
Interior Decorator Worked As A Facilitator, Scheduling And Coordinating The Activities While Supervising The
Quality Of Various Vendors. The Interior Decorator Now Even Offered Comprehensive Design Solutions With
Alternative To Their Clients. Interior Decoration Became A Well- Documented Strategy, Serving Two Basic
Purpose.
• It Helped Creation Of A Functional System By Coordinating Skills, Materials And Objects Sourced From
Different Agencies.

• It Showed The User Of Client, In Advance, The Solution, In A Respective Form A Surrogate
Once The First Objective Was Achieved Without Being Continuously Present On The Site It Was Possible For
The Interior In Charge Person To Devote More Tome And Attention To The Second Objective. The Interior
Decorator Began To Play A Very Active Role Of A Professional Interior Designer Rather Than Being Simply A
Site Bound Interior Contractor.
4. Design Studio-
The Interior Designer Now Operated From A Design Office Or Studio, Usually Located In An Urban Area. The
Studio Was Used For Creating Drawings, Sketches, Other Presentations, Models, Prototypes, Dummies,
Cartoon (Replicas Of Artwork In Full Size), Samples Etc. It Contained Samples Of Materials And Catalogues.
The Studio Was A Fixed Location Facility Where Interior Designer Was Able To Meet Clients, Suppliers And
Crafts- Persons.
5. Design+ Execution Practice-
Schematic Documentation Of Design Has Been Very Difficult. And The Most Irritating Aspect Of Business.
Amateur Interior Designers ( Formally Untrained Hobbyists) Lack The Capacity To Document Their Design
Intentions, So Prefer To Work On The Site, Providing Oral Instructions To Contractor Or Their Workers. Many
Interior Designers, Even Today Where Practicable Would Like To Execute Their Work By Themselves. The
Tradition Of Combining Design+ Execution Persists For Many Reasons.

• Interior Components Require Complex Details And Materials For Their Sensorial Qualities. These Are
Difficult To Present Through Formal Design Documentation, And Must Be Effected Only Through Personal
Involvement.
• Interior Designing Involves Improvisation. The Coordinated Effect Can Be Achieved Only When
Components Or Systems Are Substantially Produced By The Designers Themselves.
• Amateur Or Untrained Interior Designers Do Not Have Such Proficiencies.
6. Forms Of Interior Design Practices:
Today Many Different Forms Of Interior Design Practices Exist Ranging From:
PURE DESIGN (Design Only).
DESIGN + SUPPLY.
DESIGN + SUPPLY + EXECUTION.
7. Interior Design and other Design Professions:
Interior Design Like Any Other Design Profession, Is An Interdependent Profession. Interior Designers Work In
Conjunction With Other Design Professionals, Who Need Interior Design Contribution In Their Work, Such As
Architects, Building Engineers, Landscape Designers , Furniture And Product Designers, Exhibition And Event
Managers. Interior Designers Also Use Expertise Of Other Professionals For Their Work. These Include
Environmental Engineers, Ecologists, Furnishing Experts, Textile Designers, Painters, Sculptors, And An Array
Of Crafts Persons.

8. Specialization in Interior Design:
Interior Designers Like Other Professionals Also Face A Dilemma, Should They Specialize Or Be A Generalist?
To Become A Specialist One Needs To Limit The Work To Projects Of Particular Nature. But It Is Very Difficult
To Get Projects To Suit A Predefined Field Of Specialization. In Reality, As And When Opportunities Arise, A
Designer Preferences Project That Builds Up The Specific Sphere Of Experience. The Refined Capability Can
Then Be Used For Handling Similar But Complex Jobs.
Acute Specialization In A Particular Field Also Leads To Generalization, As One Handles Only One Or Few
Types Of Projects. Interior Designers By Handling Only Specific Projects Achieve An Expertise In The Field, But
Gradually Lose The Capacity To Handle Other Projects. Whereas A Generalist , By Handling All Sorts Of
Projects, Perhaps Gains A Wider Experience, Economics Of Scale (Turnover), But At Compromised Quality.
Some Degree Of Specialization Is Becoming Apparent In Interior Design. Some Of The Major Fields To Have
Distinct Identities Within The Ambit Of Interior Designers Beyond Their Role Of Furnishers Are Also Ideal As
Maintenance, Persons And Operators Of Buildings.
Large Organizations (Hotels, Guest Houses, Corporate Head Offices, Museums, Showrooms, Departmental
Stores) Have Estates, Substantially Consisting Of Buildings, Furniture, Furnishings, Plants, Equipment,
Utilities, Gardens And Landscaped Lands.

Interior Design Turning Today Includes Design Drafting And Presentation Technologies In Digital Media.
Interior Designers With Competence In Computerized Drafting (AUTOCAD) 3D Modelling, Animation, Walk
Through, Rendering, Etc. Find Employment In Many Other Design Fields. Interior Design Training Consists Of
Color, Rendering, Graphics And Presentation Techniques, Preparing Them For The Diversion To Graphics
Related Fields, Like Artworks, Advertising, Cinematography, Exhibitions, Publicity, Etc.

A knowledge about building material help us to design better houses . Presenting my learning skill
in subsequent
My Working

During the visit of construction
site of a flat

I have participated in Identity Exhibition based on the concept of

Residential Design
A Home Is A Personal Space And Excellent Residential
Interior Design Personalize The Designing Of Home.

SOME OF THE STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED FOR GOOGLE MAPS
Google map is a desktop and mobile web mapping service application provided by Google. It helps us to
determine the required site location.
Locate your site on the Google maps

SITE CONTOURS
The outline of mass of land or the shape of a surface is called site contouring. It is very essential to
consider the site contouring while doing any project. It shows the ups and downs of a particular part of
land.

ll
LOCATION OF THE SITE
• Distance from Bus Stop- 650 m
• Distance from Railway Station- 1200 m
Savitri college
Road
Proposed Site
Ajmer Hospital
Residential Zone
Parking Area
R.T.D.C
ll
LOCATION OF THE SITE
Ajmer Hospital
Savitri College
Residential Zone
Proposed Site
Main Road
• Distance from Bus Stop- 650 m
• Distance from Railway Station- 1200 m
Savitri college
Road
Proposed Site
Ajmer Hospital
Residential Zone
Parking Area
R.T.D.CR.T.D.C
Specification

ACCESSIBILTY TO THE SITE
The main entrances and the main road abutting the site is very important for any kind of project.
N

CONNECTIVITY TO MAIN ROAD AND SUB-ROADS
DISTANCE FROM THE MAJOR LANDMARKS SUCH AS :
• Shopping centers (1.2km)
• Railway stations (2.5km)
• Hospital (350m)
• Bus stand (1km)
• Dimensions of the site (54’x50’)

MAJOR LANDMARKS
Major landmarks helps us to see the near by facilities available to our location of the site for example
hospitals, schools, colleges, railway stations etc.

v2.Building And Design Interventions:
A Building Once Constructed Is Initially Readied For Occupation By The Original Designer .
However Buildings Last For Ages And During The Lifespan , Must Be Altered And Updated
Several Times . Architects Or Building Engineers Are Unavailable , Or Have No Income
Incentive For Such ‘Frivolity’ . During Early Middle Ages Or Perhaps Even Earlier , Low-
skilled ‘Art-painters’ Were Hired To Paint And Decorate Old Buildings Inside And Outside .
The Painters Known As Decorators , Worked Along With Associates , To Not Only Paint But
Undertake Repairs, Make Furniture And Update Furnishings. Many Crafts-persons Like ,
Iron-smiths, Guilders, Glass Blowers , Weavers, Embroiders, Rug And Carpet Makers,
Sculptors, Mural Makers Were Associated With The Decorator As Jobbers And Suppliers .
Later All These Services Were Handled By A Person , The
ORIENTATION OF THE SITE
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST EAST
WINTER SUN
SUMMER SUN
INTENSE SUN
Preferred
Zone For
Building
Orientation
Acceptable
QUADRANT
Of Windows
orientation
TOTAL SHADE
First Of All We Need To Pay Attention To The Direction Of The Sun And Its Movement In The Four Directions.
If We Ay Attention To The Diagram Of Sun’s Movement We See The Sun Rises From East And The Color Of
The Sun’s Light At That Time Is Tender Yellow, The Whole South Direction Is Completely Lighted Up
Throughout The Day And Is The Most Hot Direction But At The Same Time The Cool Wind Blows From West
Direction Too. So It Is Very Important To Have The Building Oriented From East To West Because Then The
House Will Have More Sunlight And Air.

ORIENTATION OF THE SITE
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST EAST
As an interior designer it is very important to pay attention
to the orientation of the site. Sun rises from east direction.
The whole south direction is completely lighted up through
out the day and is the most hot direction. But at the same
time the cool breeze flow from this direction. The wind
flows from west direction too so most of the windows
should be placed in this direction. Proper day lighting and
ventilation helps to reduce use of artificial light. Hence it is
very important to have the building oriented from east to
west. North direction has only sun’s light not the actual
heat rays.
According to my client orientation of my site is north
direction.

CLIMATOLOGY FACTORS
Climatology Is The Branch Which Deals With The
Climate And Changes Throughout The Year Of The
Weather.
Macro Climate Of India:
• Location Of India In The World Is “Northeast”
Direction .
• Longitude Of India 88° To 90°
• Latitude Of India 8° To 37°
• The Whole India Has A Tropical Monsoon
Climate, Since The Greater Part Of The Country
Lies Within The Tropics.
Climate can be sub-divided into two
major divisions :
1. Macro climate
2. Micro climate
We have to study the micro
climate and macro climate structure .

MACRO CLIMATE
Climate And Temperature Of Ajmer:
• Ajmer Has A Typical Desert Climate And Hot And Arid.
• Summers Are Hot With Maximum Temperature Near 40°c While The Minimum Is Nearly 28°c.
• Winters Are Chilly With Minimum Temperature Of 5°c.
• Longitude Of Ajmer 74°42’ North.
• Latitude Of Ajmer 26°27’ East.

MICRO CLIMATE
Setting And Site Layout Followed By
Landscaping Can Improve The
Microclimate Around A Building, Taking
Advantage Of Existing Topographical
Feature, Adjacent Buildings And
Vegetation For Solar Protection. Good
Site Layout Can Also Take Grater
Advantage Of Local Breezes By The
Formation Of Air Funnels And Also Aid
Natural Ventilation By Staggering Oh The
Building Layout.
The Presence Of Water And Vegetation
On The Site Can Also Be Used For Natural
Cooling. Good Site Layout Can Reduce
Cooling Loads Appreciably By Optimizing
Natural Solar Protection And Local
Breezes.
Elements Of Site Design That Can Be
Used For Efficient Natural Cooling
Include Landscaping, Orientation To Sun
And Wind, Building Shape And Planning
And Natural Ventilation.
22 ½ 22 ½

SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Material efficiency
For any design to be efficient we need to focus on following parameters

DAYLIGHT
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Day lighting is a practice of placing windows or other openings and reflective surfaces so that during the
day natural light provides effective internal lighting.
Benefits of day lighting:
• It is a full spectrum source of light.
• It increases productivity and decreases sick time.
• It reduces electrical consumption and reduces cavity.
• Mirrors can be used to create illusion to make a room/area look big.
Principles of good daylight practice:
Level & distribution of light depends on
• Geometry of space.
• Location.
• Orientation of windows and other openings.
• Characteristics of internal surface.

North
North
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The main purpose of making a window in a rooms is to
bring more daylight without compromising other energy.
North direction happens to be darker zone where there
will be only light of the sun not the actual sun rays. So for
bringing maximum light in this zone there should be
placement of tall windows which are used to have sun’s
rays more.
The south direction is that zone which is well lighted up
throughout the day. Therefore it is more heated up zone
too. So in this direction wide windows should be used.
Such type of windows are used for viewing purpose. At the
same time wide windows reduce the heat rays coming
inside the house.

VENTILATION
VENTILATION may be defined as supply of fresh outside air into an enclosed space or the removal of
inside air from the enclosed space. In other words, ventilation is the removal of all vitiated air from a
building and its replacement with fresh air.
Ventilation may be achieved either by natural or artificial(or mechanical) means.
In a room air exchange takes place minimum 1 time and maximum 60 times.
The rate of natural ventilation depends on two effects:
• Wind effect
• Stack effect
Movement of wind through windowsWind
Wind
Wind
ENERGY EFFICIENCY

VENTILATION
Suction
zone
Pressure
zone
Pressure
zone
Suction
zone
Pressur
e zone
Wind Pressure and suction zone
ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Floor
Roof
Wall
Outlet OutletRoof
Outlet
InletInlet
Outlet
Floor
VENTILATION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY

RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rain water harvesting : It is also another important factor of building envelope. Landscaping, water body,
heat insulated material, cavity wall are use to control air and heat. Rainwater harvesting is a technique
used for collecting, storing and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses.
Water Efficiency
Rain Water
Rain Water Tank
Solid floor
Soil
Ground water level increases due to rain water harvesting

in subsequent
LANDSCAPING
Landscaping can improve the microclimate in both
summer and winter, providing shading, evaporate
cooling and wind channeling in summer, or shelter in
winter. Vegetation absorbs large amounts of solar
radiation in summer helping to keep the air and ground
beneath cool while evapotranspiration can further
reduce temperatures.

in subsequent
Collage of landscaping

BRICK AND STONE
A knowledge about building material help us to design
better houses . Presenting my learning skill in
subsequent.

Constructionof brick units
bondedtogether with
mortar is termed as brick
masonry.
Brick bonding: on account
of their uniform size and
shape, the bricks can be
arrangedin a variety of
patternsgiving rise to
differenttypes of bonds
Different types of brick
bonding are as follows:
1.English bond: This bond
consists of alternate course
of headers and stretchers.
2.Flemish bond: In this
arrangementof bonding
brick work, each course
consists of alternate headers
and stretchers.
3.Header bond: In this
arrangementof bonding,all
the bricks are laid as
headers.
Residential Design Project
Brick Masonry
1.ENGLISH BOND
3. HEADER BOND2.FLEMISH BOND

Herring -bone bond
Residential Design Project
Brick Masonry
4. Stretcher bond: In this
type of bonding, all the bricks
are laid as stretchers. This
bond is also known as running
bond.
5.Diagonal bond :In this
bondthe bricks are placed end
to end in such a way that
extreme corners of the series
remain in contact with
stretchers.
6.Herring -bone bond: In
this bricks are laid in course
inclined at 45⁰ in two
directionsfrom center.
7.Zig – zag bond: This is
similar to herring – bon bond
with the only difference that in
the case the bricks are laid in a
zig-zagfashion. This is
commonly adoptedin brick
paved flooring.
Stretcher bond Diagonal bond
Zig – Zag bond

FRONT VIEW
ISOMETRICVIEW
STRIPPEDPOINTING
In the above picture a wall made up of stretcher bond is shown. Differentshapes are created by placing bricks differently.Diamond shape is also made
by
colouringbricks with red and grey colour. Striped pointingis used to make wall look more better.

SITE SERVICES
Study of services on site is also very important they are
• Water supply
• Electricity lines
• Drainage lines
I have included them in later project

BUILDING BYELAWS
Building Bye Laws Consist Of Certain Rules And Regulation Framed By A Municipal Or Town Planning Or
Urban Development Board To Control The Development Of Area Under Its Jurisdiction.
• All Mandatory Plan Regulation Regarding Use, Land Use, Coverage, Set-back And Open Space. The
Minimum Set Backs To Be Leave In A Building Should Be From Front Is 10’ From Both The Side And
Back 3’ To 5’.
• Number Of Stories And Number Of Dwelling Units.
• Parking Standards, Lighting And Ventilation Of Room.
• Distances From Electric Lines And Structural Safety Requirement.
• Size And Height Of Room And Other Requirement Of The Building.
• Fire Protection Requirements Like Fire Proof Door, Emergency Alarm System, Fire Pump, Fire Lift And
Fire Resistance Materials.
• Building Services Which Include Electrical Installations, Air Conditioning, Heating And Plumbing
System Etc.
To Follow Building Bye Laws, We Can Make A Building Which Has Proper Ventilation, Good Day lighting,
Air Circulation, Open Space And Many Other Advantage.

BUILDING BYELAWS
In my case study I have followed these byelaws .
According to that I have left set back of 3’ from each
side and 10’ from front. Leaving set back is important
because It is very essential for a house to be well lighted
up and there should be proper ventilation .

SPECIFICATIONS
• Plot area - 300 sq. yards. ( 54’*50’)
• Parking area - 17’*15’.
• Covered area – 45’*34’.
• Walls – 6”.
• Pillars – 1’6”*1’6”.
• - Parking area.
• - Uncovered area.
• - covered area.
• . pillars

PLANNING METHODOLOGY
To plan any building we need to focus is main things
they are:
• Space planning
• Anthropometrics
• Ergonomics

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
Every human being has a different personality that consists of one or more characteristics. Their
personalities react differently in different environment or with different people.
Consider a space as a person. Every space has its own personality with several special characteristics that
differ by project, these characteristics cause the space to interact with other spaces in a certain manner,
these characteristics can be categorized as 6 expressions of human behavior.
• Leading/ Following
• Grouping
• Loner
• Servant
• Watcher
• Outreaching

LEADING/FOLLOWING
LEADER
FO
FO
FO
FO
LIVING
ROOM
POWDER
RROM
KITCHEN
RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURAL
FIRM
BANK THEATRE
LEADING LIVING ROOM PRINCIPAL’S
OFFICE
WAITING
SPACE
LOBBY,
THEATRE

GROUPING
People gather for a certain purpose, same objective , interest or goal. By imitating this characteristics the
spaces that carry the same “GROUPING” character gather as a group these spaces are related to each
other
For example – A living room will prefer a kitchen to be next to it because will discussing or doing any
other leisure activity a person love to eat food or drink coffee/tea. So this space needs to be next to the
living room. The kitchen is generally known as the worker space.
Gr Gr
Gr

LONER ( BEDROOM )
This character affects the space with response to distance from group. A person who prefers more
privacy and avoids social conversation and stays away from a crowd is known as a loner(LONER) in
residential projects some clients may prefers more privacy for their master bedroom. So the Loner can be
set to be a character which keep distance away from certain spaces , living room , dining room and other
bedrooms.
LO

SERVANT ( TOILET ZONE)
A space that serves other spaces needs to be adjacent to them but prefers not to appeal visually which is
in reality , servant needs to be near to a master while stay out of the site. As depicted in a figure a toilet
space play the role of a servant with the master bedroom.
SERVANT
LIVING
ROOM
BED ROOM

WATCHER
This type of character causes a space to locate beside a boundary of the project foe attractions in the
environment. It is based on the human nature that people like to watch or get close to certain incidences
the attraction can be different type of environmental conditions like views, parks, lakes or parking, this
character is useful for many different spaces in design.
For Example : Waiting Space, Dinning Space Or Café.
WA
WA
WA

Incentive During Early Middle Ages Or Perhaps Even Earlier , Low-skilled ‘Art-painters’
Were Hired To Paint And Decorate Old Buildings Inside And Outside . The Painters Known
As Decorators , Worked. Many Crafts-persons Like , Iron-smiths, Guilders, Glass Blowers ,
Weavers, Embroiders, Rug And Carpet Makers, Sculptors, Mural Makers Were Associated
With The Decorator As Jobbers
OUTREACHING
The space with this character locates near the entrance or corridor for meeting or activities that relates
to outreaching quality, this type of space represents an outgoing or sociable behavior like human that
can represent a welcome space in a residential unit.
For Example : Living Room.
OR
ENTRANCE

ANTHROPOMETRICS
Anthropometrics is a study of human dimension without paying attention to human body measurement
and developing or creating a design will not end up in the comfort zone for a client. These dimension
need to be considered for the following categories:
Male , female , child , teenagers , old age and handicapped.
The requirement of all these people as per the dimension varies because of which the layout of the plan
and space planning done is also different. For example if we have to design for bling person, a person on
a wheel chair, a toilet facility for an old person, a bedroom for a teenager etc. all these points addressed
have to attended as differently as all these people require different measurement of space utilization.

ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics means designing of space with the use of anthropometrics data for useable zones.
For example : Devising of proper relaxation chairs while watching television, selection of door handles
for opening doors & selection of many other things based on anthropometric data

LIVING ROOMAnthropometric Planning Papers

Fig1 -Minimum Clearances , Circulation , and Conversation area for Living Rooms
Living Areas
typical furniture group in the living and or
family rooms are as follows:
1. Primary conversation group: chairs
and sofa grouped around a fireplace,
window or view
2. Secondary conversation group: chairs
and love seat at the end of room or
an the corner
3. Reading groups: chair, ottoman, lamp
table
4. Writing or study group: desk, lamp,
one or two chairs bookcases
5. Music group: piano, bench storage
space
6. Game group: game table and four
chairs
7. Media group: home entertainment
center and seating for several people

Main Traffic Through Living Area
To Kitchen
10' diameter
conversation
area
36" traffic way
36" for main traffic way
30" to use desk
To sleeping
To
kitchen
Entrance
Entrance
Main Traffic by Passes Living Area Main Traffic Through Living Area
10' diameter
conversation
area
36" traffic way
30" to use desk 36" traffic way
30" to use desk
closet
To
kitchen
Secondary Activities
Space Function
Primary and Secondary Activities
that usually take place in Living
Rooms or Space are Follows:
Primary Activities
1. Entertainment
2. Watching television
3. Listening music
4. Reading
5. Writing
6. Studying
7. Relaxing
8. Resting
9. Children's play area
1. Dancing
2. Hobbies and craft
3. Eating
4. Sewing
5. Playing music
6. Parting
7. Using home computer
internet

Fig5 –Recommended Clearances for general
access (2 to 10 Feet) and Limited Access ( 2
Feet)
Fig6 –Recommended Clearances for limited
access between a table and furniture(2 feet)
Fig8 – space for television viewing. The television set
should be place where the section will not reflect light
and where it can be seen from the main seating group
windows should not be in this direction
Fig7 –Recommended Clearances for grouping of
seats for social interaction(8to 10 feet)
Furniture Clearances
To issue adequate space for
convenient use of
furniture in the living area
the following clearances
should be observed:
1. 60 inches between facing
seating
2. 24 inches where
circulation occurs
between furniture
3. 30 inches for desk area
4. 36 inches for main
circulation
5. 60 inches between home
entertainment center
and seating
Seating arranged around a
10- foot diameter circle fig
no. 1 makes a comfortable
grouping for conversation.
Fig no. 2 indicates
clearances, circulation and
conversation areas.

KITCHENAnthropometric Planning Papers

Knee Level 20”
Outward Reach
Left Hand 33””
Waist Level 421/2”
Shoulder Level 54”
Eye Level 62”
Height 66 1/2
Maximum
upward reach 78”
Comfortable
upward reach 75”
Shelves visible
from eye level 62”
Reach downward 28”
(one hand)
Range 36”
bottom of sink 32 1/2
Ironing board 35”
The height of a kitchen workcounter,
the proper clearance between
cabinets or appliances for circulation,
the accessibility to overhead or
undercounter storage, and proper
visibility are among the primary
considerations in the design of
cooking spaces. All must be
responsive to human dimension and
body size if the quality of interface
between the user and the
components of the interior space are
to be adequate. In establishing
clearances between counters, the
maximum body breadth and the
depth of the user of large body size
must be taken into account as well as
the projections of appliances.
Refrigerator doors, cabinet drawers,
dish washing machine doors and
cabinet doors all project to some
degree in their open position into the
space within which the user must
circulate and must be
accommodated. Standard kitchen
counter heights manufactured are all
about 36” or 91.4cm.
Figure 1
provides some general
anthropometrics data for establishing
basic height of cabinetry and
appliances above the floor.

T and C
D and C
S S
R
P
Perimeter 18’
STORGE
U kitchen. L kitchen.
Corridor kitchen. Broken U kitchen.
FIG. Different types of kitchen plans.

zero bedroom kitchenette. Two bedroom living unit kitchens.
Two bedroom living unit kitchens. Two bedroom living unit kitchens.
FIG. minimum frontage for various kitchens.

FIG. minimum frontage for various kitchens.
Three bedroom unit.
Four bedroom unit. Minimum edge distance.
One bedroom kitchenette.

Kitchen for small single family houses or apartment units.
Typical cabinet dimensionsMinimum Distances from appliances
To inside corners of base cabinets.
Flow of work in food preparation.

9’’ either side
(if storage nearby)
At Opening
side
Left side Right side
At either .
side

Wall Oven
Bottom of
sink
Fig. Comfortable working heights
Maximum height of
Window for
supervision of yard
Lap Table
Mix center counterMaximum reach for
Vertical storage

Fig- Minimum counter width dimensions
Sink
Range
Minimum width of passes
Minimum clearance
Wherever 2 people
May be working at
same time.
Counter Counter
Space in front drawer
Counter
Sink
Adjacent to Sink
Sink Sink Counter
Range

SINK
Above sink
RANGE
Above range
BASE-CAB
Above base cabinet Kitchen lighting
Fig – Storage and Cabinets

DINING ROOMAnthropometric Planning Papers

Fig. 1. Size of place eating Fig. 2. Passage behindchairs Fig. 3. leaving the table
Fig. 4. limited access behinda chair in corner
circulation space
Fig. 5. Access behinda chair in
throughcirculation space
Space Function
Primary and Secondary Activities that
usually
take place in Living Rooms or Space are
Follows:
Primary Activities
1.Settingthe table
2.Serving food
3.Eating
4.Cleaning up after meals
5.Storing dishes
Secondary Activities
1.Children’s play
2.Reading
3.Writing
4.Studyingand homework
5.Entertainment
The principal factors to be
considered in
planning the dining
Area are as follows:
Numberof persons to be seated
Space for chairs and for passage
behindthem
Space used at the table.
Storage space for china, glassware’
silver ,
and linen.

Fig. 7 dining rom for 8 person household
Fig. 8 minimum clearance for dining area (A) One
of the table against wall(B) serving from one end
side of the table
Fig.9 minimum clearance for dining area (A)
One of the table against wall(B) serving
from one end side of the table
Fig. 6 dining rom for 5 person household
Space Planning
Size of place setting :
The minimum width needed for
each
place setting is 21 inches. How ever a
width of up of 29 inches is desirable for
greater freedom of movement. A 25- inch
width is usually adequate; this permits
chairs 19 inches wide to be placed 6
inches apart. The minimum depth for
place setting is 14 ½ inches. These
glassware, silver, and elbow extension(
see Fig:1)
Passage Behind Chairs:
The minimum space recommended for
passage behind chairs in 22 inches, a
satisfactory range is 22 to 25 inches. If
passage behind the chairs is not required,
a minimum of 5 inches plus the depth of
the chair must be provided for pushing
back chair when leaving the table( see Fig;
2 to 4)
Size of Table:
The minimum width recommended is 36
inches: a satisfactory width is 36 inches
to 44 inches. If 25 inch-wide place
settings are provided and if one person is
seated at each end of the table, then
minimum and recommended lengths are
as follows:

Person
s
4
6
8
10
12
W X L,
Feet
10 ½ X 12
10 ½ X 14
10 ½ X 16
10 ½ X 18
10 ½ X 20
=Area,Square
Feet
=126
=147
=168
=189
=210
Persons
Minimum
inches
54
79
104
129
154
Recommended
, inches
If no one is seated at either end
of the table,
the length may be reduced by
approximately 4 inches.
Space for total dining area
previously and with an ample 42
inch
space for passage on all sides of a 42
inch
4
6
8
10
12
60
84
108
132
156
Fig8 – Recommended net area for 8 persons
household(13.87
square meters)
Fig7 – Access behinda chair and cabinets or
appliances
Fig6 – Access behindthe table and wall
Fig8 – Recommended net person household
household ( 8.84 square meters)

BEDROOM
Anthropometric Planning Papers

Bedroom
Space function-
Primary and secondary
activities
that usually take place in
bedrooms
are as follows:
Primary Activities:
Sleeping
Dressing
Storing Clothes
Personal Care
Secondary Activities:
Reading
Writing
Studying
Working
Watching Television
Home computing/ Internet
Listening to music
Children’s play
Caring for infants
Ironing
Telephoning
Drawing and Painting
Sitting and Entertaining
Exercising
Resting and convalescing
Hobbies and craft
Storing bulky items and
seasonal clothes

Furniture Requirement
There are minimum
requirements for furniture
and space if occupants are to
able to carry out their
normal bedroom activities
There are two basic types of
bedrooms:
1. Single-occupancy
bedrooms, which will
accommodate on
single bed.
2. Double-occupancy
bedrooms , which will
accommodate on
double bed or two
single beds.
Clearances
Clearances should be
provided in front of and
around furniture of
bedrooms so that primary
activities can take place
efficiently comfort(Figs. 1 to
11). In some cases , greater
clearances are required to
satisfy the needs of elderly
people , wheelchair users ,
and with disabilities.
Fig5 . Access between bed and closet and
between bed and wall.
Fig4 .Access between bed and dresser and
between bed and desk
Fig6 .Access between beds.
Fig7 .Space for making beds.

Fig. Space for making beds Fig. single occupancy bedroom(netarea 8.5metres).The most likely
occupants of this bedroom are elderly people, adults, teenagers and
preadultchildren(i.e.school age children 9 to 12 years).
Fig. single occupancy bedroom in combination with
another space(net area5 square meters). Adults are
most likely to be found in this type of bedroom.
Fig. Double occupancy bedroom(netare a 160sq.ft). The most likely
occupants of this type of bedroom are adults , school-age children of the
same gender , children of differentgenders who are less than 9 years old
, and preschoolers.
Space Planning
Furniture Requirement
There are minimum
requirements for
furniture and space if
occupants are to able to
carry out their normal
bedroom activities
There are two basic types
of bedrooms:
1.
2.
Single-occupancy
bedrooms,
which will
accommodate on
single bed.
Double-occupancy
bedrooms ,
which will
accommodate on
double bed or
two single beds.

BATH ROOMAnthropometric Planning Papers

J
L
M
Vanity
storage
Lavatory
Mirror
Light fixture
Mirror and
medicine
cabinet
Lavatory
Vanity
storage
C
H
Fig1- lavatory male anthropometric considerations.
Fig:2- lavatory female and child anthropometric considerations.
IN CM
A 48 121.9
B 30 76.2
C 19-24 48.3-
61.0
D 27 MIN 68.6 min
E 18 45.7
F 37-43 94-
109.2
G 72 MAX. 182.9
max
H 32-36 81.3-
91.4
I 69 MAX. 175.3
max
J 16-18 40.6-
45.7
K 36-32 66.0-
81.3
L 32 81.3
M 20-24 50.8-
61.0

Minimum shower clearancesDouble lavatory clearances
In cm
A 15-18 38.1-45.7
B 28-30 71.1-76.2
C 37-43 94.0-109.2
D 32-36 81.3-91.4
E 26-32 66.0-81.3
F 14-16 35.6-40.6
G 30 76.2
H 18 45.7
I 21-26 53.3-66.0
In cm
A 54 137.2
B 12 30.5
C 42 min 106.7 min
D 18 45.7
E 36 min 91.4 min
F 30 76.2
G 24 61.0
H 12 min 30.5 min
I 15 38.1
J 40-48 101.6-121.9
K 40-50 101.6-127.0
L 72 min 182.9 min
Activity
Zone
H
Circulation
Zone
G
Varies
F
Shower
Head
controls
Circulation/
Access zone
Vertical
grab
Horizontal
grab bar
Temporary
storage
F
G
E
D

VariesAE
C
FVaries
IHVaries
AAAVaries
Varies
Varies
In cm
A 12 min 30.5 min
B 28 min 71.1 min
C 24 min 61.0 min
D 52 min 132.1
min
E 12-18 30.5-45.7
F 12 30.5
G 40 101.6
H 18 45.7
I 30 76.2
Water closet Bidet and water closet

1. Shower curtain rod: keep within
inside of tub or shower.1a.
Enclosure doors: if swinging
doors are used, place hinges on
the side opposite control valves.
2. Shower head: see elevation of
tub and shower stall for
recommended heights.
3. Grab bars shall be manufactured
of shatter- resistant material,
free from burrs, sharp edges and
pinch points. Knurling or slip-
resistant surface is desirable.
4. Recessed soap dish shall be free
from burrs and sharp edges
where grab bar is an integral part
of the soap dish, it may have
minimum length of 6 inches.
5. Faucet shall be manufactured of
shatter-resistant material, free
from burrs and sharp edges. All
faucet sets in showers, tubs and
lavatories shall be equipped with
the water mixing valve delivering
a maximum water temperature.
6. Showers stall light: shall be of a
vapor proof fixture with the
electrical light switch a minimum
of 72 inches away from shower
stall.

A B
DC
Fig. Minimum half bath.
16 sq. ft is about minimum for standard fixtures; 4’-6” X 4’-6” gives
a more spacious feeling.
Fig. Corner toilet in a half bath.
A corner toilet and a small lavatory fit 13.5 sq. ft. consider this idea for
installing a half-bath in a closet or under a stairway.
Fig. Corner shower.
A corner shower, toilet and lavatory fit in 33 sq. ft. very little storage
space available.
Fig Generous half bath 22.5 sq. ft is a generous half bath. A wall – hung
lavatory instead of a vanity squeezes into 2’-6” width and 16.3 sq. ft.

Activities commonly performed
in the bathroom include
washing of hands, face and hair,
bathing, elimination and
grooming, and also such
activities as hand laundering
and infant care. Often it is also
used as a dressing room. Major
problems in bathroom design
includes planning for optimum
convenience and privacy of all
bathroom functions for all
members of the household,
adequate provision for storage
of supplies and equipment, and
ease of cleaning.
Some general planning guides
are as follows:
Arrangement
Facilities should be conveniently
arranged, with special attention
given to clearances. The room
arrangement should permit
more than one family member
to use its facilities at a same
time.
Fig. Minimum half bath.
16 sq. ft is about minimum for standard fixtures;
4’-6” X 4’-6” gives a more spacious feeling.
Fig Generous half bath.
22.5 sq. ft is a generous half bath. A wall – hung lavatory
instead of a vanity squeezes into 2’-6” width and 16.3 sq. ft.
Fig Generous half bath.
22.5 sq. ft is a generous half bath. A wall – hung lavatory
instead of a vanity squeezes into 2’-6” width and 16.3 sq.
ft.
Fig. Corner toilet in a half bath.
A corner toilet and a small lavatory fit 13.5 sq. ft.
consider this idea for installing a half-bath in a
closet or under a stairway.

Fig. small,3-fixture bathroom. A small 3-fixture bathroom with limited
storage in a built-in vanity meets basic bathroom requirements in a space
37.5 sq. ft. The door is 32” wide for a person with a cane or crutches.
Fig. Two lavatory bathroom. A 2- lavatory bathroom with adequate room at
the toilet and each lavatory . Note storage space under the lavatories and
in a floor-to-ceiling unit. Area:63 sq. ft..
Fig. separate tub and shower. This plan also includes a bidet. Storage is in
the 48” long vanity. Area:75.3 sq. ft.
Fig. large shower. A generous 33”x 48” shower is featured in this 32 sq. ft
bathroom. Storage is under the 30” vanity and on shelves over the toilet.

Fig. corner square tub. Although not usually a space saver, a square tub fits
some situations better than a rectangular one. This 3-4 fixture bathroom has
excellent storage but is only 59.5 sq.ft.
Fig. large 3-fixtures bathroom. With fixtures in separate compartments, this
layout can replace a second bath by accommodating more than one person
at a time. Area 106 sq. Ft. plus hallway storage.
Fig. four fixture, two compartments. Three people can use this bathroom at
the same time. Consider a pocket door between the compartments. Even
with generous storage space it takes only the same space about 80.5 sq.ft.
Fig. five fixtures, three compartments. This bathroom serves as two full
bathrooms in 87 sq.ft. two doors to each compartment are undesirable.
Limited storage space available.

RESIDENTIAL SPACE PLANNING
Interior Design
To design any residential space with designing and
effective space planning , we need to pay attention to
all aspects needed to design any residential space, say
it aspect , prospect , anthropometrics and ergonomics,
ventilation , daylighting , orientation.
Here is my design of a “residential space”.

CASE STUDY
We Have To Do A Space Planning For A Client Mr. Bose Who Is A Marketing Manager Of One Of The
Fashion Brands Levi’s.
He Has A Family Of 2 Children In The Age Group 10 & 16 Years Both Boys, Wife Who Loves Gardening And
Is Very Fond Of Creating Bonsai Plants.
We Are Suppose To Design A Open Plan For This Family Where The Plot Size Given Is 300sq Yards And The
Requirements Been:
• Living Room
• Kitchen
• Master Bedroom
• Children’s Bedroom
• A Space For The Lady Of The House To Work With Plants And Display The Same.
• They Require Terrace Garden & They Love More Of Lighted Up Spaces Which Are Bright And Lively.
• A Small Office Zone Needs To Be Provided For Mr. Bose In Master Bedroom
• We Need To Pay Extra Attention To The Space Planning For Mrs. Bose For Doing Gardening Work

During my 1 year of Degree Program I have studied about how to do a Residential Space Planning, Louise
Kahn's principles. I have designed a residential space for my client Mr. Bose, keeping into mind his
requirement and juxtaposed it with standard space required for doing space planning of every particular
place according to the activities performed there.
Considering all the principles and elements of designed I have done space planning for every space. I have
also paid attention to the
 orientation of the site
 Location of the plot
 Building envelope
 Day Lighting
 Ventilation
 Aspects prospects
 Approach
 Proximity of the things
 Louise Kahn's principle of space plan
We have to focus to design a house where Form Follows Function and the humans does not have to
adjust themselves according to the house but a space where house will adjust according to the wish of
humans and the space should act as A Machine For Living. Said by the famous designer Leh Corbusier.
Synopsis of plan

Water body
Garden area
primary living
room
secondary
living room
kitchen
Main
entrance
stair
Powder room
Specification
Specifications:
Location of the site- Dezyne E’cole
College,Civil lines, Ajmer.
Direction- North facing.
Total plot size- L x B= 50’ x 54’
=2700 sq. feet.
Total covered area =1082.1826
sq. ft.
Total uncovered area =1413.8714
sq. ft.
exterior cavity wall 1’ thick.
interior wall 6” thick.
Window
S
N
2D ground floor plan

Google sketch up file my working process
Top view

Isometric view
Isometric view
3D Rendered view

bed
Walking
closet
Sitting area Garden area
Master
room
soho
Walking
closet Walking
closet
bed
soho
stairsduplay
Children
bedroom
S
N
2D first floor plan
Location of the site- Dezyne E’cole
College,Civil lines, Ajmer.
Direction- North facing.
Total plot size- L x B= 50’ x 54’
=2700 sq. feet.
Total covered area = 1134. 8318
sq. ft.
exterior cavity wall 1’ thick.
interior wall 6” thick.
Window
Specification

Isometric view
Isometric view
Top view

3D Rendered view
House isometric view
House isometric view

RESIDENTIAL SPACE PLANNING
Interior Design
To design any residential space with designing and effective
space planning , we need to pay attention to all aspects needed
to design any residential space, say it aspect , prospect ,
anthropometrics and ergonomics, ventilation , daylighting ,
orientation.
Here is my design of a “residential space”.

To design any residential space
with designing and effective
space planning , we need to pay
attention to all aspects needed
to design any residential space,
say it aspect , prospect ,
anthropometrics and
ergonomics, ventilation ,
daylighting , orientation.
Here is my design of a
“residential space”
Total Plot Size:- 54’x63’
Plot Area:- 3402 sq.ft
Direction:- North Facing Top view
2014-2017
Name Garima Sharma
B.Sc.- Interior Design
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
NTERIORIArchitecture & Space Planning
2D House Plan

To design any
residential space with
designing and effective
space planning , we
need to pay attention to
all aspects needed to
design any residential
space, say it aspect ,
prospect ,
anthropometrics and
ergonomics, ventilation
, daylighting ,
orientation.
Direction:- North Facing
Top view
2D House Plan

To design any residential
space with designing and
effective space planning ,
we need to pay attention
to all aspects needed to
prospect, anthropometrics
and ergonomics,
ventilation , daylighting ,
orientation.
isometric view
2D House Plan

To design any residential
space with designing and
effective space planning ,
we need to pay attention
to all aspects needed to
prospect , anthropometrics
and ergonomics,
ventilation , daylighting ,
orientation.
isometric view

WARDROBE SPACE PLANNING
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE AND SPACE PLANNING

CASE STUDY
I am suppose to design a wardrobe for a hypothetical client.
Requirements of my client:
 Number of shoes (6 pairs of flat shoes).
The other materials with shoes are socks, shoe polish, brushes.
Mirror for dressing.
Place for keeping cosmetics and perfumes.
Place for keeping daily use clothes like salwar suits(10 ), jeans, t-shirts in hanging position
(approximately 20 clothes).
Place for keeping woolen clothes(8 cardigans).
Place for keeping party wear or special occasion clothes.
Place for keeping lingerie.

Space Required For Stocking Those Requirements
According to the space provided, minimum space our requirement will take are :-
 Space required for 1 salwar suit - 1.6”
and the requirement of my client happens to be of 10 salwar suits
if 1 salwar suit takes 1.6” then 10 salwar suit will take – 1.6” x 10 = 16”
and the height require for it will be - 4’6”.
 Space required for 1 party wear dress- 1.6”
and the requirement of my client happens to be of 10 party wear dresses
if 1 dress takes 1.6” then 10 dresses will take – 1.6” x 10= 16”
and the height require for it will be – 2’10”.
 Space required for 1 daily wear toppers - 1”
and the requirement of my client happens to be of 20 daily wear toppers
if 1 topper takes 1” then 20 toppers will take – 1” x 20 = 20”
and the height require for it will be – 2’10”.

Space Required For Stocking Those Requirements
 Space required for cardigan after folding is - 2”
and the requirement of my client happens to be of 8 cardigans
if 1 cardigan takes h = 2” then 8 cardigans will take –2” x 8= 16”
in one drawer there are 2 partitions of 10.5” where 2 cardigans can come above each other
and the height require for it will be – 4.6”.
 Space required for 1 pair of shoes is – 9”
and the requirement of my client happens to be of 6 pair of shoes
if 1 pair of shoe takes 9” then 6 pair of shoes will take – 9” x 6 = 54”
there are 4 racks of total area of 1056 sq. ft
and the total height require for it will be – 2’10”.
3 racks for keeping shoes with the height of 9”
and another racks is for keeping shoe polish and socks of height of 4”

Standard Space Required
Refer to the standard space requirement to be followed for fulfilling the client’s
requirements are as follows :-
 Space required by a hanger = 16- 18 inches.
 Space required for folded 6 soft shirts and 4 dress shirts = 6 inches (h)
 Space required for keeping soft shirts and dress shirt is 10 inches or 20 inches.
 Space required for 1 pair of shoes is = 9 inches

Space Available For Space Planning
Linear space provided is 6 feet and depth is 2 feet with the height of 72 inches.
LxBxH = 6’x2’x6’
= 72”x24”x72”
= 72 cu. ft

Elements And Principles
To create any design I need to focus on the principles and elements of design.
For the space planning over here I mainly focused on balance in a design with the basic
element, shape which I very rightly said Form Follows Function. In the subsequent slides you
will come across the space planning created by me for my client.

Space Available For Space Planning
For any adult user for a wardrobe the standard size required is 5 linear feet. Keeping into
mind the requirement of my client and the space provided I created an elevation for my
design.

Rack for
party wear
C
Rack for
traditional
wear
Rack for
jeans
Rack for
daily wear
Rack for
lingerie
Rack for
woollens
shoe rack
Basket for
dirty clothes
B
A
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
C

BA
Space for hanging salwar suits
LxB= 1’5” x 2’= 2.9696 sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 1’5x 2’x 4’6”
= 13.5 cu.ft
No. of dresses can come = 10
Space for hanging belts and scarfs
LxB= 5” x 2’= 113.6028 sq. in(area)
LxBxH= 10”x2’x2’10” = 4.7222 cu.ft

Space for cosmetics and racks for it
.
LxB= 5(7” x 1’9”)= 5.1195sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= (7”x1’9”x9”)= 0.7626 cu.ft
LxBxH= (7”x1’9”x4”)= 0.3402cu.ft
LxBxH= 2 (7”x1’9”x4”)= 0.6805 cu.ft
LxBxH= (7”x1’9”x10”)= 0.8506 cu.ft
C
Space for racks for keeping jeans
and trousers
LxB= 4(1’ x 2’)= 1152 sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 4(1’x2’x8”) = 5.333cu.ft
No. of jeans = 8 ( 2 in each rack)
D

Space for hanging daily wear dresses
LxB= 1’10”x 2’=3.5682sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 1’10”x2’x2’10” = 10.38cu.ft
No. of daily wear dresses = 20 toppers
Space for shoe rack .
LxB= 4(1’9”’x11”) = 1056 sq.ft(area)
LxBxH= 3(2’x11”x9”) +(2’x11”x4)=
792 +88 =4.736 sq.ft
No. of shoes = 6 pairs
F G

H
Space for keeping lingerie
LxB= 2(10”x 2’)= 3.183sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 2(10”x2’x5)= 1.388 cu Ft.
Space for keeping woollens
LxB= (1’8” x 1’10”)=6038sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 2(1’8” x 1’10’’x1’) = 3.055cu.ft
I

J K
Space for basket for dirty clothes.
LxB= 1’3”x 1’11”= 2.4892 sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 1’3”x1’11’’x 1’2”= 1.093cu.ft
Space for hanging part wear dresses
LxB= 1’5x 2’= 2.7529sq.ft (area)
LxBxH= 1’5”x2’x2’10= 8.027cu.ft

Top plan
Side elevation
Back elevation
Front elevation
Orthographic projection of wardrobe excluding doors.

Orthographic projection of wardrobe including doors.
Top plan
Left side elevation Right side elevation
Front elevation

Different concept of placement of doors
• Traditional concept
• Contemporary concept
Traditional concept:-
In traditional concept inset concept of door were used. In this concept the door were placed
inside the main frame and hinges were visible. It has been shown in below image.
Door was placed after the main frame.
This type of hinge was used.

Different concept of placement of doors
Contemporary concept:-
In contemporary concept full overlay and half overlay concept of door were used. hinges were not
visible from outside. In half overlay half space of the board was used to place that door and n the
other half space another door was placed. These concepts were also used in traditional concept
but the difference is use of hinges were different and in traditional concept hinges were visible
from outside which is not there in contemporary concept.
Hinges are not visible
In full over lay.
This type of hinge was used.

I have used contemporary concept of placement of
doors in my wardrobe.
Full overlay concept in both corner doors.
And half overlay concept in both middle
doors

Estimated Number Of Boards
 Top and bottom board = 2( Lxb )= 2(6’ x 2’) – 23.7566 sq. ft.
 Left and right side board = 2( LxB) = 2’(5’10’’x 1’11’’) – 23.5032 sq. ft.
 Horizontal Board for division between party wear dresses and space for keeping belt and
scarfs = LxB = 1’5”x 2’ – 2.7529 sq. ft.
 Internal Vertical Board for division = 2( LxB )= 5’10.5”x 1’11’’- 23.5032 sq. ft.
 Drawer for lingerie bottom board= LxB = 1’8” x1’10” = 3.208 sq. ft.
left and right side board= LxB = 2(5” x1’10’’) = 202.3966 sq. ft.
front and back board= LxB =5” x1’8” = 107.8392 sq. ft.
 2 Drawer for cardigans bottom board= 2( LxB) = 2(1’8” x1’10”) = 3.19 sq. ft.
left and right side board= 2( LxB )= 2(1’x 1’10’’) = 1.8833 sq. ft.
back board= ( LxB) = (1’ x1’8”) = 1.736 sq. ft.

Estimated Number Of Boards
 Shoe rack back board = LxB = 2’x 2’10” – 5.6284 sq. ft.
Top and bottom board = 2(LxB) = 2(2’x1”) – 3.875 sq. ft.
Front and Back board = 2LxB )= 2(1’x 2’10”) – 5.81 sq. ft.
Board for 4 racks= 4(LxB) =4(1’9”x11”) – 6.7576 sq. ft.
 Cosmetics rack back board = 2(LxB )= 2(2’x 2’10”) – 5.6054 sq. ft.
top and bottom board = 2(LxB ) = 2(8’’ x 2”) – 2.74 sq. ft.
Front and Back board = 2(LxB ) = 2(8”x 2’10”) – 4.1252 sq. ft.
Board for 5 racks= 4(LxB) = 5(7”x 1’9”) – 5.808 sq. ft.

Laminates Used In Making Wardrobe
Product Name: AMBER FLAMBE
Company Name: Greenlam Laminates
Sheet size: 4’x8” This laminate will be use as a frame of
wardrobe and on partitions.

Laminates Used In Making Wardrobe
Product Name: LUCENT ELM
This laminate will be used inside the wardrobe
Company Name: Greenlam Laminates
Sheet size: 4’x8”

As an interior designer this project on Space Planning has made me aware that a space of
6’x2’x6’ (LxBxH) has been made more functional by creating more space from the space
provided to us. I have created 55.932 cu.ft

in subsequent
Elements of Style
INTERIOR DESIGN

Today we are heirs to a legacy of fine building and to a continuing fascination with the details and stylistic
which give our houses their character. In Britain and US the interest in old houses has become something of
national obsession. Today the houses we live in have become a major concern and as houses are being
developed on human scale. Today the interiors of house effect our quality of life which we enjoy there.
I as a student of Interior Design doing my B.SC ID , present a brief presentation on Aspects of Style from
Gothic style, Baroque style, Rococo style, Neoclassical style, Eclectic style, Arts & Crafts style, Art Nouveau
style and Art Deco style. Interior decorating style are defined for the characteristics of their time.
Gothic Baroqu
e
Rococo Neoclassical Eclectic Arts &
Crafts
Art
Nouveau
Art
Deco
to
1620
1620-
1700
1700-
1760
1760-1830 1830-
1880
1880-
1900
1900-1920 1920-
1940
Elements of style
In the subsequent slides , three major styles are explained. These are:
• GOTHIC STYLE
• BAROQUE STYLE
• ROCOCO STYLE

Gothic Style
Today we are heirs to a legacy of fine buildings and to a continuing fascination
with the detail and stylistic which give our houses their character. In Britain and
US the interest in old houses has became something of national obsession.
Today the houses we live in have become a major concern and as houses are
being developed on human scale. Today the
interaction of houses effect our quality of life which we enjoy there. I as a
student
of Interior Design doing my B.Sc. ID present a brief presentation on respect of
style From Gothic Style, Baroque, Roccoco interior decorating styles are
defined for the characteristics of their time.

Gothic Period
Gothic period design was
influenced by Roman and Medieval
architecture. Its initial design period
was c.1150 to 1550, but saw a
revival in the 19th century by the
Victorians. Gothic design was the
first true ecclesiastical style and
was symbolic of the triumph Of the
Catholic church over paganism In
Europe.

Gothic Furnitures
Furniture was massive and oak, adorned
with Gothic motifs. Chairs, bed frames,
cabinets were sturdy and featured `in
dark colours.
Britain had Oak and Beech as it’s native
timber for furniture production, but with
the discovery of new land and the
establishment of overseas trade, other
timber species suddenly became
available:
Oak 1500-1600
Walnut 1660-1723
Mahogany 1715
Satinwood 1765

Gothic Color
Colors were rich and dark, of
the Victorian era. Purple, ruby, black,
ochre, forest green and gold added
complemented the heavy furniture
and rich design. Wallpaper was ornate
and heavily patterned in natural
flowers and foliage. Also popular was
trompe-l’oeil architectural features or
stenciled designs. Obviously stained
glass was a significant feature.

Gothic Influence
In architecture, tracery is the
stonework elements that support
the glass in a Gothic window. The
term probably derives from the
'tracing floors' on which the
complex patterns of late Gothic
windows were laid out.

Elements of Style
Tudor and Jacobean style
(1457-1509)

Tudor Style
This coincides with the rule of the
Tudor dynasty in England whose first
monarch was Henry VII. The term is
often used more broadly to include
Elizabeth I reign (1558 – 1603)
Characteristic of this style is the
enrichment of every surface with
flamboyant carved, turned,
inlaid, and painted decoration in the
spirit of the English Renaissance.

Tudor Roof
In this time period Top floor
roofs were pitched. Which
was called hammer beam
roof.

Tudor Furniture
Tudor furniture was made of oak or wood
which was obtained locally, highly ornate,
carved and heavy.
The Tudor period was one of beautiful
woodwork, though it was still heavy and
sparse by modern standards

Tudor Windows
Windows were simple, unglazed square
openings divided by series of wooden or
stone mullions. Many of the houses had
internal shutters .the grand houses had
glass usage in the 16th century. Smaller
houses has glass usage from 17th century.
Glass was very thin and rather grey in
colour as it was blown from the crown
glass and then made

During the 16th century the glass panes
were arranged diagonally later in 17th
century they were arranged in rectangles.
windows during this period could not open
as they were fixed and later they were made
open able because they could make the
mechanism for the hinges and windows to
open.

Tapestry were painted
cloth or made on looms
with techniques of weaving
.Carved decoration on
panels were of linen fold
pattern . These wall
hangings were painted too
for developing into a
tapestry .
Tapestry

Tudor ceiling
In Grand Homes Fireplaces and
Door Surrounds could be seen
as an elaborate feature.
Ceilings of upper floor were
coved or coffered
Floorings used were of brick,
granite, slate, painted wood
floor, cobblestones and the floor
was then covered with a rush
matting or carpets. Carpets were
generally a luxury.

Alcove
Alcove was a place jutting out as
a window which they used as a
sitting area and table and chair
were joined together and
connected with window. There
were no curtains in dining area.

Chest
Chest / Partly Framed Chest – This was
superseded by the partly framed chest. It
used dry pegged construction and panel
fitted into the frame allowed for
movement without the timber splitting.
Panels from riven boards were hand
moulded and sometimes carved to give
the “linenfold” effect. The board is cut
with a wedge and split.
Built In Seating – Early settles
accommodated up to six people with
simple linenfold panels and foot rest rail.

Elements of Style(1625-1714)
Baroque style

Baroque Style
Baroque was very very
ornamental type of style. It has
a higher end zone of carving.

Baroque Period
Baroque period had elaborate
doors specially the front door.
These doors were positioned
on the top of the steps. They
were often canopied by a shell
or placed in a porch. Columns
were main expensive frames to
a door.

Staircases
Staircases was made of wood
commonly Oak and was closed
string form.
Balustrades were twisted.
Paneling and wainscoting was
present.

Doors
Doors were very large and had
only two panels. Later on 4-6
panels could be seen in their
design. The hinges on the
doors were very ornamental
along with the door locks and
their handles.

Windows
The windows of the Baroque
period were like door (front
door) styled very elaborately.
Curtains were very less.

Balcony
Balconies reflected the status
of the house and its owner.
Circular and oval windows were
a feature of this period. Balcony
was of iron work not of stone,
bricks etc.

Walls
Walls were patterned by means
of painted stencils. Later they
were replaced by block printed
papers (the 1st wallpaper)
Rich owners covered their walls
with woven or painted fabric
hangings.

Leather
Another pattern which we see
here is the usage of leather
attached to battens. They also
had leather taken up on wall.

Lightning
There were lights hanging out
from ceiling with candles which
contribute to the mood of place.

Ceiling
The ceiling of this time period
was not plasted and were of
more coffered style. Only the
rich people had plastered
ceiling from the under side of
wooden floor above. The
junction between the ceiling
and the wall were marked by
Cornice.

Flooring
Baroque houses has stone ,
flat floors, marble was used in
two or more colours so that
they produced illusionistic
pattern. The surface appeared
to vary in depth. The floor
patterns had parquet or even
marquetry patterns

Carpets
Woven carpets from east
Mediterranean was considered
very expensive and were used
in houses . Carpets were
luxury on wooden flooring.

Volts
Volts were also present
in Baroque time period.

Elements of Style (1700-1760)
Rococo style

Rococo Style
Late Baroque is an 18th century
artistic movement and style. It
developed in Paris, France as a
reaction against the grandeur and
strict designs of Baroque, as seen in
the Palace of Versailles.
Rococo style used light columns,
graceful approach, asymmetric
design.

Chairs
Lengthened cushioned back can be
seen on the chair. Mahogany wood
was used.

Sculptures
S and C scrolls were common in the
Rococo time period.
Acanthus leaves could be seen
during this time.

Elemen
Elements of Style(1714-1765)
Early Georgian

Doors
Doors are the principle ornamental
feature, paneled door were very tall
and later had a fan light. The front
doors were painted in dark colors or
they were grained to imitate wood.
They had handsome ring handles.

Five classical orders of pillars
The five orders of pillars used mainly
as a decorative detail around the
door cases and porches are Tuscan,
Dorick, Ionic, Corinthian and
Composite.

Windows
Casement windows we used mainly
double hung windows.
Mainly soft wood was used which
was protected by white lead paint.
This pain work was a typical
Georgian took.

Walls
Wooden paneling was seemed in 3
division Frieze, field and Dado and
they derived all this from the
proportions of architrave, column
and base of a classical order.
The walls were decorated with
tapestries.
Wallpapers were used.

Paneling
Wooden paneling was done full
height of the room so less expensive
wood was used and they were
painted with flat oil paint with very
fancy effect.

Ceiling
This period had elaborate paintings
on ceilings and these painted ceiling
had scenes from court of arms.
There were geometric patterns taken
up on to the ceilings.

Floor
Wood floor planks were mainly used
Oak, Elm, oriental carpets and
English Turkey and floor carpets
were fashionable floor covering.
People used floor clothes in dining
room. The patterns were mainly set
in diagonal and a times gave illusion
on the floor.

Staircases
The staircases during this time were
very simple and were more of open
string.

Lightning
Enclosed lantern were used with an
oil lamp inside.

Victorian Style
Honoring Queen Victoria Of England This Style Was The First To Be Mass Produced By
Machine In The Late 18th Century. The Architecture Of This Period Resembles That Of An
Elaborate Wedding Cake Several Stories Tall. Architectural Details Included Two- And Three-
story Buildings With Wood Shingled Roofs, Wrap-around Porches Supported With Turned
Porch Posts, Carved Wood Brackets Or Corbels And Fretwork Painted In Strong, Contrasting
Colors. This age was the revival of Gothic time period.

Wall
The walls had Islamic influence in complex
with wood work. Stained oak panel from
Tudor and Jacobean style can be seen
here. Paneled dado are generally seen
with walls being covered with fabrics

Flooring
Parquet, terrazzo flooring were
used mainly in halls and foyers.
These houses had plain floor
boards. They were all covered
with rugs and polished with bee’s
wax.

Doors
The front door were paneled and
sometimes arched in Gothic Style, the
were often green or wood grained.

windows
The bay windows was an essential feature
of a Victorian house. This type of window
allowed good view outside visitors. They
had glass panes. It was protected from
damaging effect of sunlight with the help of
blind boxes.

ceiling
The ceilings of large Victorian houses
have swags, ribs, festoons. They were
beautifully carved made of fibrous plasters.
.

Fireplace
Fire place was an essential feature of
Victorian houses.

Staircases
Dog legged staircases, open well and
straight run staircases were introduced.
Carpets were used with stair rods.

Art deco style spanned the period between World
Wars I and II, peaking in the late 1920s and early
'30s. It emphasized form as much as function and
focused on glamour and opulence.
The style takes its name from the Exposition
Internationale des Arts Decoratifs held in Paris in
1925 as a showcase for new inspiration.
Art deco style

flooring
Patterned flooring. Linoleum flooring
made an appearance in most
residential homes during this time.
Large, geometric rugs were also
widely used.

lightning
Glamorous lighting. The
lighting during the art deco
era was sleek and dramatic,
with bold but simple lines.

motifs
The style was essentially one of applied
decoration. Buildings were richly embellished
with hard-edged, low-relief designs: geometric
shapes, including chevrons and ziggurats; and
stylized floral and sunrise patterns.

After learning about space planning, anthropometrics and
ergonomics I have been given a case study and provided a plan in
which I have been given the main entrance lobby to design as per
style given to me.
Now before designing a space, first I have to do brainstorming what
I am designing and for whom I am designing for that I paid
attention to my client, his requirements , need and the space
provided for designing and what are those activities which a person
is going to perform there.
In the subsequent slides I am presenting my work on design.

Case Study
I am supposed to device this entrance lobby as per Art Deco style and I need to
co- relate the vestibule with the requirements with this place. I need to device the
kind of walls, paneling, finishes and the furniture for this time period.

Space available for designing
(Area)
Main entrance wall = 2( LxH )
= 2( 3’6” x 10’)
= 70 sq. ft.
or
= 2133.6 sq. cm.
Main entrance door = ( LxH )
= ( 4’3” x 10’)
= 3.541 sq. ft.
or
= 107.92 sq. cm.
Wall above main door = ( LxH )
= ( 4’3”x1’6”)
= 6.375 sq. ft.
or
= 194.21 sq. cm.
Main
entrance wall
Main entrance door
Wall above main door
Main
entrance wall

Drawing room wall = ( LxH )
= ( 2’3” x 10’)
= 1.875 sq. ft.
or
= 57.15 sq. cm.
Drawing room door = ( LxH )
= (3’x 8’6’’)
= 25.5 sq. ft.
or
= 777.24 sq. cm.
Wall above drawing room door = ( LxH )
= ( 3’x1’6”)
= 4.5 sq. ft.
or
= 617.22 sq. cm.
Flooring and ceiling = 59.0625 sq. ft.
(Area)
Drawing
room
wall
Drawing room
door
Wall above drawing
room door

Main entrance wall+ main door + wall
above main door= 2(35.0521) +
36.125 +6.3672 = 112.5964 sq. ft.
Side wall + wall above door = 22.5 +
4.4844 sq. ft.
Flooring = 59.0625 sq. ft.
Ceiling = 59.0625 sq. ft.
Side
wall

Needs
 Proper lightning
 Flooring
 Doors
 Ceiling
 Furniture

Possi ble options
Needs
Lightning
Task
Flooring
Decorative
Patterned
General
Ceiling
Carpets and rugs
Wooden
Plain
Walls Panelling
Wainscoting
Wallpaper
Tile

requirements
Requirements for an entrance lobby are
 Flooring
 Ceiling
 Walls
 Stand for keeping jackets, umbrella, raincoat
 Space for keeping helmet, keys
 Lightning
 Shoe rack
 Mirror
 Clock
 Fan

style
Doing something in a particular manner is called style. In interiors, for giving a look
to a space we need a style as Style enhance the look of a space . We should pay
more attention on the space available, its personalities and activities at that place
while selecting a style.
I have studied about various styles. Some of these are shown below
Gothic Baroque Rococo Neoclassical Eclectic Arts &
Crafts
Art
Nouveau
Art Deco
1600 -
1620
1620-
1700
1700-
1760
1760-1830 1830-
1880
1880-
1900
1900-1920 1920-1940

I was given a style Art Deco. In subsequent slides I have made
collages and explained what type of ceilings, flooring, lightning,
furniture etc. were used at that time period.

Patterned flooring. Linoleum flooring made an
appearance in most residential homes during this
time. Large, geometric rugs were also widely
used.
Glamorous lighting. The lighting during
the art deco era was sleek and
dramatic, with bold but simple lines.
The style was essentially one of applied
decoration. Buildings were richly embellished
with hard-edged, low-relief designs: geometric
shapes, including chevrons and ziggurats; and
stylized floral and sunrise patterns.

After considering the client’s requirement, needs and
selecting a particular style Now I have to see the personality
of the space and what types of activities performed there so
that my design should be more impactful and have a direct
effect on viewer’s mind

Personality of the space
Like human beings every space has its
own personality. The space I am
supposed to design is an entrance lobby.
A lobby is a room in a building which is
used for entry from the outside.
Sometimes referred to as a foyer or
an entrance hall.
The personality of an entrance lobby is
moving , at the same time it is welcoming
too. It creates an image of people living
inside it and shows their living standard,
in the mind of a person entering inside
the house.

Activities in that space
Several activities are performed in an entrance
lobby like
 the person going out of the house will see
himself in the mirror.
 Stand kept there act as an place for hanging
raincoats, umbrella etc.
 Key holder for keeping keys.
 Shoe rack.
 Clock should also be there.

Before starting up the design part I have to select a Mood
Board and a Color Scheme.
After doing a lot of thought process I selected Welcoming
mood for my space that I have to design and the color scheme
that I chose is complimentary color scheme.

Complimentary Colour Scheme
welcoming
C
O
L
O
U
R
B
O
A
R
D

After paying attention to the requirement of the space, style,
mood and color scheme I have used in creating my design, I
have selected many pictures related with them. It was a
challenge for me to design the space as per art deco time and
to reincarnate it in today’s time.
I am presenting this in my subsequent slides.

1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8 10
1- Cabinet
2- Wall Colour
(Raw Silk - Asian
paints 0351)
3- Table
4- Chair
5- Table fan
6- Table Clock
7- pendant light
8- Flooring
9- Drawing room
door
10- Main door (velvet
diva – Asian paints
4223)
11- Mirror
9
10

Cornice
Mirror
Table fan
Table
clock
Door
TableChairMain entrance door
Cabinet
Pendant light
Flooring
skirting
Wall colour

Wall colour
Door
Cabinet
Pendant light
FlooringDrawing room door
skirting

Types of roofs
Butterfly Roof Lean to Roof Pitched Roof

Lean to Roof Lean to Roof Butterfly Roof

Shapes
The characteristics out line or
surface configuration of
a particular form. Shape is the
principal aspect by which we
identify and categorize forms.
Size
The physical dimensions of
length, width and depth of a
form. While these dimensions
determine the proportions of
a form, its scale is determined
by its size relative to other
forms in its context.
Shapes
Size
Colour
Colour
A phenomenon of light and
visual perception that may be
described in terms of an
individual’s perception of hue,
saturation and tonal value.
Colour is the attribute that
most clearly distinguishes a
form from its environment. It
also affects the visual weight
of a form.
Shapes and forms

The direction of a form relative to
the ground plane, the compass
points, other forms, or to the
person viewing the form.
The location form relative to its
environment or the visual feid
within which it is seen.
the degree of concerntration and
stability of a form the visual inertia
of a form depends on its geometry
as well as its orientation relative to
the ground plane, the pull of
gravity and our line of sight.
Orientation
Visual Inertia
Orientation
Visual Inertia

Base Plane-
Base Plane- A horizontal
plane laying as figure on a
contrasting background
defines a simple field of space.
This field can be visually
reinforced in following ways.
Elevated Base Plane- A
horizontal plane elevated
above the ground plane
.Establishes vertical surface
along its edges that reinforced
the visual separation between
its field and surrounding
ground.
isometric Top view isometric
isometricTop viewisometric

Depressed Base
Plane-A horizontal plane
depressed into the
ground plane utilizes the
vertical surface
isometric Top view
isometricTop view
isometric

Top View Isometric View
OBLIQUE : An oblique approach enhances the effect of perspective on the front facade and form of
a building. The path can be redirected one or more time to delay and prolong the sequence of the
approach. If a building is approached at an extreme angle , its entrance can project beyond its facade
to be more clearly visible.
Types of approaches

FRONTAL : A Frontal approach leads directly to the entrance of a building along a straight ,axial path . The
visual goal that terminates the approach is clear ,it may be the entire front façade of a building or a
elaborated entrance within the plane.
Types of approaches

SPIRAL : A spiral path prolongs the sequence of the approach and emphasizes the three dimensional form
of a building as we move around its perimeter. The building entrance might be viewed intermittently during
the approach to clarify its position or it may be hidden until the point of arrival.
Types of approaches

Door Frame
Door frame is made up of two typical members known as jambs or posts and
flat member connecting the jambs at top called head. The cross-sectional
dimensions of the jamb and the head are normally kept same. The size of
door frame is worked out after allowing a clearance of 5 mm. All-round for
convenience of fixing the frame in the opening. Frames made from timber
Steel are described below
Location of Doors
(i) From consideration of adequate air circulation within
the room, the doors should be provided in opposite
walls facing each other.
(ii) From consideration of proper space utilization and
privacy, doors should as for as possible be located
near the corner of a room (say about 20 cm away
from the corner).
(iii) The location of the door should meet the functional
requirements of the room.
(iv) The numbers of doors in a room should be kept in
minimum to achieve optimum utilization of space.
1.Battened Ledged Door
2 Battened Ledged And Braced Door
3.Battened Ledged Braced And Framed Door
4. Framed And Panel Door
5.Glazed or sash door
Types of Door:-

ELEVATION
Panelled Door
x
Fly Proof Door
900
SECTION X X
Frame
60x125
Top Rail
100X 35
Panelled
door
Wire
Mesh
Lock
Rail
150X 35
Bottom
Rail
200X 35
Fly Proof Door-
This type of door is used to check the entry of flies, mosquitoes, insects etc.
into the room and to allow free circulation of air at the same time. The door
consist of timber frame work of vertical stiles and horizontal rails and the
opening of the panels are fitted with fine-mesh galvanized
ENLARGE VIEW
Frame Hinge 100 mm TH.
Wooden Panel
Hinge
Style 100x35

Shape
The characteristic outline
or surface configuration
of a particular form.
Shape is the principal
aspect by which we
identify and categorize
form.
Size
This is physical dimension
of length, width and
depth of a form. While
these dimension
determines the
proportion of a form ,its
scale id determined by its
size relative to other
forms in its context.
Yogendra chhaparwal
BSc. – ID 1sem
Dezyne E’cole collage
www.dezyneecole.com
Shapes
Size
Colour
A phenomenon of light
and visual perception that
may be described in terms
of an individual’s
perception of hue,
saturation, and tonal
value. Colour is the
attribute that most clearly
distinguishes a form from
its environment. It also
affects the visual weight
of a form.
Colour
Interior Design
Topic – Ventilation Due to Stack Effect.
Date - 16. 9. 14
FRAME 60x100
TOP LEDGE
100x30
30mmTHICK
BATTEN
MIDDLE LEDGE
200x30
BOTTOM LEDGE
200x30
INOUT
ELEVATION
x
x
Hinge
Definition:-
This is the simplest form of door commonly used for narrow openings. The
door consists of vertical battens or boards usually tongued and grooved and
fixed together with horizontal battens known as ledges. There are three
fixed in the middle of the shutter. The middle ledges is also known as lock
ledges.
Hold fast
60x100 FRAME
200x30 LEDGES
IN
SCOTCH TE HINGE
30mm TH BATTENSPLASTERBRICK WALL
OUT
DETAIL AT_A
Plan
Geeta FulwaniGarima Sharma
HORIZONTAL SECTION
VERTICAL SECTION
Battened and Ledged Door

Battened, ledged, braced,&
framed Door Detail Plan
Frame
Top Rail
Thick Batten
Bracing
Lock Rail
Bracing
Bottom Rail
Garima Sharma
Definition:-
This type of door is considered to the superior in
strength, durability and appearance. The frame work
of this type of door consists of two vertical members
called stiles, three horizontal members known as
ledges or rails, vertical battens and two inclined
braces. The rails positioned near the top, middle and
the bottom of the shutter are morticed and tenoned
into the stiles. The battens are generally tongued and
grooved and V-jointed. At their upper end, the battens
are let into the top rail while at mid rail while at mid
height and lower ends they go right over the middle
and bottom rails.
Hold fast
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Brick Wall
Batten
20 mm
Frame(125X75)
Hinge
Vertical SECTIONELEVATION

Frame
60x100 Top rail
100x35
Panel
15mm
Freeze rail
100x35
Panel
Lock rail
150x35
Panel
Bottom rail
200x35
X
X900
B
A
Elevation
Plan
EQ EQ
Panelled Door:-
This type of door is commonly
provided in all types of buildings . This
door consists of timber frame work of
stiles and rails which are grooved on
the inside to receive one or more
panels . The door may be single,
double, three, four or six paneled also
. The panels can be timber, plywood,
block board or hard board.
Section
Six panelled door
GGarima sharma
Panelled Door Vertical And Horiontal Section

Top rail
Panel
Stile
Bottom rail
One Pannel
Top rail
Panel
Stile
Lock rail
Panel
Bottom rail
Two Pannel
Top rail
Mullion
Stile
Panel
Lock rail
Panel
Bottom rail
Three Pannel
Panelled Door Elevation
Garima Sharma

Top rail
Panel
Stile
Bottom rail
Four Pannel
Top rail
Panel
Stile
Panel
Bottom rail
Five Pannel
Top rail
Stile
Freeze rail
Lock rail
Panel
Bottom rail
Six Pannel
Mullion
Lock rail
Panel
Intermediat
e rails
Panelled Door
Elevation
Garima Sharma

ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
Frame
60×100mm
Bottom
rail
35×200
Wooden
Panel
Lock
Rail
35X150
Wooden
Bead
Glass
Top Rail
35×100
Hold Fast Brick Wall
Frame(60×100)
Style
35×100
Wooden
Beading
10×20
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Glass
Definition:-
This type of door is used in residential as
well as public buildings like hospitals,
schools or colleges etc. Glazed or sash
doors are made in several designs. They
can be glazed fully or partly.
In case of partly glazed doors normally the
bottom 1/3rd height of the door is panelled
and remaining 2/3rd height is glazed. In
case of partly glazed doors, the stiles are
sometimes diminished at the lock rail to
improve the elevation and to permit more
area of glazing in the process.
B.SC ID 1ST Year
Glazed or Sash Door
Garima Sharma

Top Rail
Stile
Solid core
of Particle
Board
A
Cross Band
Face Veneer
or Plywood
Bottom Rail
ELEVATION
Solid core type Flush Door :-
Flush doors have pleasing appearance , simple
construction ,high strength and durability and
cost less as compared with panelled doors.
Flush door shutter consists of a solid or
semisolid framed skeleton covered on both
faces with either plywood or a combination of
cross bands and face veneers giving perfectly
flush and joint less surface .
In solid core type flush doors the wooden frame
used for holding the core consists of stiles, top
rails and bottom rails , width of each member
being not less than 5 cm.
Frame
Stile
Face Veneer
or Plywood
Solid core of
Particle Board
Edge of hard wood
or lipping
Solid core type Flush DoorSolid core type Flush Door
Garima Sharma

Garima Sharma B.Sc. Interior Design (Residential Design portfolio)

Garima Sharma B.Sc. Interior Design (Residential Design portfolio)

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Garima Sharma B.Sc. Interior Design (Residential Design portfolio)