Madhvi Sharma, One year Residential Interior Design Diploma Portfolio

PORTFOLIO
RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
Design By - Madhvi Sharma,1st Year Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College,www.dezyneecole.com

Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer – 305001, Rajasthan
This Project Report Of Madhvi Sharma Of Interior Designing Has Been Graded
As ……………..
Thanking You
Principal
(Seal & Signature)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Person Residential Space Planning Has Enlighten Me About Various Aspects Of Planning
Of Residential Building.
I Extend My Special Thanks To My Mentors Who Have Helped
Me For My Project Portfolio. I Give My Sincere Thanks To Dezyne E’cole College And
Mentors Who Gave Me To Know About The Various Aspect. I Worked Hard And With More
Efficiency By My Side. Now I Can Submit My Project.
Madhvi Sharma

Project Report On
Residential Space Planning
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College Towards
The Partial Fulfillment Of The
1 Year Diploma In
Residential Design
BY
Madhvi Sharma
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel – 0145 – 2624679
Www.Dezyneecole.Com
2015 - 16

SYNOPSIS
Planning Of My Project Is Done According To The Various Bye Laws, Louis Kahn’s
Principle And The Concept Of Green Building , Orientation, Daylighting Etc. Where The
Planning Begins From The Entrance Of Northern Side Then Parking Area. The Whole
Area Is Surrounded By Landscaping. In My Plan There Are A Living Room And A Guest
Room And The Others For Family. According To Louis Kahn Principle There’s
Connectivity Between Living, Kitchen, Dining. Bedroom As A Loner. Kitchen Act As
Worker And Powder Room Act As A Servant Area The Living Room Act As A Watcher
IN THE DACK AREA SWIMMING POOL WITH A VIEW IS MADE.
And The Ground Floor Is Connected With Upper Floor . On The Upper Floor
There Is A Children Bedroom, One Master Bedroom With Sit-out And View, One Terries
Garden On The Top Floor Is Made By Me.

MADHVI SHARMA
INTERIOR DESIGNER
Email: dezyneecole@gmail.com
Phone: 9829024839
0145-2629679
PROFILE
I always wanted to be a successful interior
designer. I appreciate the skills I learnt from
Dezyne E’cole College which made me
industry ready.
SKILLS
• Drafting
• Anthropometric
• Good Aesthetic Sense
• Google Sketch up
• AutoCAD
INTERESTS
• Reading
• Surfing
• Innovative
• Music
LANGUAGE
• English
• Hindi
EXPERIENCE
• Explanation in Annual Exhibition
• Design Development Project
• Portfolio Project Handling
EDUCATION
• One year Residential
Design Diploma –
Dezyne E’cole
College, Ajmer –
[2015-2016]
• Bachelor of Arts-
Govt, College,
Beawar [2009-2012]
• High School – Govt.
Girls School,
Beawar.

CONTENT
1. Interior Design Industry
2. The Work Of Interior Designer
3. Residential Design
4. My Skills & Knowledge
5. Case Study
6. Location Of Site
7 .Site Consideration
8. Climatology
9. Site map
10. Building Orientation
11. Ventilation
12. Bio-climatic Design
13 day Lighting
14. Universal Design
15. Green Building
16. Planning Consideration
17. Architectural Layout
18. Case Study Of Living Room
19. Design Process
20 Mood Board
21. My Assignments
22. Conclusion
23. Bibliography

INTERIOR DESIGN INDUSTRY
A House Is A Place Where A Person Behaves In His Natural Form And Is Mainly For
Providing Shelter. Since Prehistoric Times, Human Beings Looked For Shelter, For
Example, The Caves Or The Meticulously Planned Towns Of Mohenjo-Daro Harappa. To
The Present Day Houses Which Have Grown Up More Luxurious And Beautiful. For A
Man's House Is His Castle, Wrote Sir Edward Coke. This Sentence Was Coined By Him
In The 17th Century And Since Then We Have A Beautiful Heritage Of Something
Known As A Period House, Starting From Or Beginning With The Tudor And The
Jacobean Style From The Year 1485 To 1625. This Period Let Towards The
Development Of Sophisticated Structure And Classicized Decoration. This Period Saw
The Development Of The Increased Specialization Of How A Room Functions Within A
House. In The Middle Ages, The King Would Live In One Big Room Where He Would
Eat, Sleep And Conduct Affairs Of State. Fabric Hangings Was Considered Inappropriate
For The Rooms In Which People Ate, As They Tended To Retain The Smell Of The Food.
During This Time Timber, Bricks And Stones Were Used. The Stone Houses Had Less
Decoration Than The Timber One's, As Stone Was More Difficult And Expensive To
Carve. During This Period The Bay Window Came Into Being Along With The Oriel
Windows. People Used Built In Furniture During This Time. The Tudor And Jacobean
Period Was Followed By Baroque Period (1625-1714).This Period Had The
Development Of Courtly Style, This Style Had The Development Of Rooms The Piano
Nobile Had Pediment Windows And Very High Height. It Was The Area Where The
Ceremonial Works Were Taken Up. This Period Had Grand Carved Entrance With The
Use Of Acanthus Leaves And Bulging Fruits. This Time Period Had The Designs Created
By Famous Artist Michelangelo. This Period Was Followed By Early Georgian, Colonial,
British Victorian, Edwardian, Art Noveau, The Modern Movement (1920-1950). The
Modern Movement Played An Important Role In The Design Industry With Designers
Like Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn And Frank Lloyd Wright.

There Contribution Lead To Meticulously Designed Houses With Proper Planning And
Consideration To Functionality With Well Developed Clean Uncluttered Spaces,
Electrical Wirings Buried In The Structure Along With The Proper Plumbing And Water
Disposal. Metal Windows With Large Glass Panes, Healthy, Hygienic And Efficient
Homes Were Developed. Sullivan‟s Disciple Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Designed
Buildings Which Relied More On Spaces And Form. This Kind Of Design Made The
Great Impression On Walter Gropius (1883-1969), Ludwig Mies Vander Rohe (1886-
1969). They Defined The Doctrine Of Modernism In The 1920‟s. Louis Kahn Came Up
With The Idea Of Design Development Of Interior Spaces Focusing More On Served
And Servant Spaces. He Believed That The Served Space Should Have The Servant
Areas Near To It So That The Functionality Of The Room Increases.
For Example:-the Living Room Having The Servant Areas As Kitchens And Toilets

Interior Design Is A Practice Of Bringing In Best Visual Appeal And Best Utilization Of A
Space Keeping The Clients Views And Needs In Mind. The Work Of Interior Designer Is
Manipulation Of Spaces Keeping In Mind The Orientation Of The Building, The
Environment, Making A Green Building So As It Can Contribute To The Environment.
An Interior Designer Implies That There Is More Emphasis On Planning, Functional
Design And Effective Use Of Space. It Sees To The Connectivity Between The Spaces,
Proper Utilization Of Space, Circulation And A Space Which Increases The Efficiency Of
A Human Being. It Also Focuses On Working Drawings, Specification, Orthographic
Projections, Axonometric Views, Perspective Drawings, Etc.
THE WORK OF INTERIOR DESIGNER

INTRODUCTION OF INTERIOR DESIGNING
Interior Designing Is The Art And The Science Of Understanding Peoples Behavior To
Create Functional Spaces Within A Building. Interior Designer Apply Creative And
Technical Solution Within A Structure That Are Functional Attractive And Beneficial To
The Occupants Quality Of Life And Culture. Design Respond To End Coordinate With
The Building Shell And Acknowledge The Physical Location And Social Context Of The
Projects.
Interior Design Is A Multifaceted Profession In Which Creative And
Technical Solution Are Applied Within A Structure To Achieve A Built Interior
Environment. The Interior Design Process Follows A Systemic And Coordinated
Methodology. Interior Design Includes A Scope Of Services Performed By A
Professional Design Practitioner, Qualified By Means Of Education, Experience And
Examination To Protect And Enhance The Health Life, Safety Welfare Of The Public.
The Best Interior Designer Makes It Look Easy Crafting Spaces That Anticipate Our
Need And Appeal To Our Emotions But In Reality A Board Set Of Skill And Technical
Knowledge Is Required. Interior Design Has Changed Dramatically. Good Interior
Designer Adds A New Dimension To A Space. It Can Increase Our Efficiency In The Way
We Go About Our Daily Lives And It Adds Depth. Understanding And Meaning To The
Built Environment. Beautiful Spaces Betray It Logical And Rational Questioning Of The
Status.
Why Interior Designing:- As The Time Change The Need And Wants Of The People
Increase By Increasing The Money Flow In The Market. Interior Designing Demands
High Energy And Passion. It Has Been A Broad Based Service Profession. Interior
Designing Work By Nature, Requires That Those Who Practice It Learn To Temper Their
Innate Idealism With The Practical Demand Of Reality. A Design Protect Undertakes
And Willing To The Strike A Balance Between What You Envision As The Ideal What
Can Be Achieved Within Projects Practical Constraints.

INTRODUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL DESIGNING
Residential Design Requires A Knowledge Of Human Behavior Within Living Spaces,
An Understanding Of And Ability To Communicate With People . When Designer Work
With Other Designer, There Is A Chance To Test Each Other’s Design, To Determine
What Will Work. A Design Gives The Quality Design When Many People Look At A
Design And Says That “I Don’t See Any Problem” Then The Chance Of Producing A
Design Successfully Is Much Greater Than Done In Isolation. “Residential Design
Should Be Something Which Facilitates Our Living And Makes Our Life Easier.”
As Space Is Becoming More Expensive And People Are Living And
Working Closer Together, Therefore The Way Of Living Has Become Luxurious. A
Residential Design With An Interest Understands The Space And The Designers Know
How To Place And Where To Place The Component Of A Design. This Is A Major Asset
For An Designer Because The Design Can Be Sold Only When It Can Be Envisioned Or
Placed In Interior Properly. Residential Design Is A Challenge To Direct And Focus The
Creativity. Residential Design Is Coming Up With New Ideas In Choosing Which One
Have Priority And Therefore Setting And Active On Priorities Requires Mental And
Behavioured Discipline. A Person Relax After A Days Hard Work And Wants To Be
Fresh And Confident For The Next Day.
“Louis Kahn” (He Designed The IIM Ahmedabad) Said That Every Space
Has Its Own Personality With Several Spatial Characters That Differ By Projects. These
Characters Causes The Space In A Certain Manner. These Can Be Characterized As
Seven Expressions Of Human Behavior Like Bedroom As A Loner. Loner Needs To Be
Relaxed. Who Preferred More Privacy And Avoids Social Interaction And Stay Away
From The Crowd. The Living Room Act As A Watcher Or Outreaching Because It Is The
Place That Serves. The Purpose Of The Main Room In A Particular House. Kitchen Act
As Worker And Powder Room Act As A Servant Area. All These Spaces Are Need To Be
Grouped Together As To Create A Space Which Has Maximum Amount Of Connection
Between Them Like Servant Area Should Be Near Served Placed. Example – Living +
Dinning + Kitchen.

Some Other Things Should Also Be Kept In Our Mind Which Are :-
• Where The Building Will Be Located.
• What Is The Surrounding And Environment Of The Building Because Exteriors
Depends On Building’s Surroundings And Environment.
• Set Backs Must Be Kept In Our Houses.
• Check That Building Byelaws Must Be Followed By Us.
The Orientation Of The Building Depends Upon The Orientation Of
The Sun. Check The Sunlight And Take It Into House. Ventilation Is One More
Important Element Because It Helps To Protect Our Health And Our Homes. A Good
Ventilation Protect Us From Potentially Dangerous Gases Like Carbon Monoxide
Which Can Cause Allergic Reaction. The Other Important Thing That We Need To Pay
Attention On Is Day Lighting. It Is An Essential Natural Asset It Is Proved In Research
That A Clear Correlation Between Classrooms With Good Natural Light Improves
Students Performance Just Because Of Concentration Day Light Has Been Shown To
Have A Significant Impact On Productivity.
They Are The Structure Of Work And Can Carry Away A Variety Of
Message. After That One More Important Element We Need To Pay Attention To Is :-
“The Element And Principle Of Design” Line, Point, Shape, Form, Colour, Texture And
Movement. Balance Rythem Harmony Are The Principle Of Designing Which Makes
Our Design Better. We Can Create A Better And Comfortable Living Space For The
People.
Also Interior Landscaping In A Residential Adds An Aesthetic Value To A
Place Because Plant Adds A Natural Quality To Even The Most Static Environment As
An Interior Designers Landscaping Increase The Atmosphere Of Building.

PICS RELATED TO RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

PICS RELATED TO COMMERCIAL DESIGN

MY SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE
Components Of A Building- I Also Studied About Components Of A Building. A Building
Can Be Divided In Two Parts.
(I) Sub- Structure
(Ii) Super Structure
The Portion Of The Building Below The Surrounding Ground Is Known As Sub Structure
And The Portion Above The Ground Is Termed As Super Structure. The Components Of
A Building Are- Foundation, Plinth, Walls, Doors And Windows, Stairs, Roof Etc.
Foundation- Foundation Is The Lowest Part Of A Structure Below The Ground Level
Which Is In Direct Contact With The Ground And Transmits All The Dead, Live And
Other Loads To The Soil On Which The Structure Rests.

 Plinth- I Have Also Study About The Plinth, The Portion Of The Building Between
The Ground Surrounding The Building And The Top Of The Floor Immediately Above
The Ground Is Known As Plinth.
 Walls - I Have Also Studied About Walls, The Cavity Walls Which Act As A Thermal
Insulation As Well As The Sound Insulation. It Consists Of Two Walls With A 5cm To 8cm
Cavity Between Them.
Cavity Wall
Insulation
Exterior
Wall
Interior
Wall

KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MATERIAL
BRICKS- I Have Studied About Different Types Of Brick Bonds Like English Bond,
Flemish Bond, Stretcher Bond, Header Bond Etc. I Have Made Several Assignments On
Brick Masonry Of Different Bonds With Different Thickness Of Walls.
Cement- I Have Also Studied About Cement, Types Of Cement , Uses Of Cement.
“Cement Is Considered As The Best Binding Material.” Cement Is Available In Various
Types Which Are Used For Different Purposes. These Are :-
(I) Ordinary Portland Or Normal Setting Cement
(Ii) Rapid Hardening Or High Early Strength Portland Cement
(Iii) Low Heat Cement
(Iv) Quick Setting Cement
(V) High Alumina Cement
(Vi) White Cement
(Vii) Coloured Cement
(Viii) Calcium Chloride Cement
(Ix) Portland Pozzolan Cement
(X) Supper Sulphated Cement.
Mortars – I Have Also Studied About Mortars, The Engineering Structures Like Walls,
Columns, Arches, Retaining Walls, Etc. Are Usually Constructed Of Stone Blocks Or
Bricks Laid With Suitable Binding Agent, Known As Mortar. Mortars Are Usually Named
According To The Binding Material Used In Their Preparation. They Are Essentially
Required For Masonry Work, Plastering And Pointing Etc.

CONCRETE - I Have Also Studied About Concrete , An Artificial Stone Resulting
From Hardening Of A Mixture Of A Binding Material, Fine Aggregate , Coarse
Aggregate And Water In Suitable Proportions Is Called Concrete.
A Good Portland Cement Or Lime, Clean Sand And Strong Coarse Aggregates Are
Necessary For Making A Good Concrete.
Concretes Are Classified As Given Below:-
(I) According To Binding Material,
(Ii) According To Design,
(Iii) According To Purpose.
DRAINAGE – I Have Also Studied About Drainage System, Rainwater Harvesting
System.

STYLE OF INTERIOR DESIGN
During My Studies I Read About The History Of Furniture And About Different Styles And
I Studied About Different Types Of Interior Style. They Are Renaissance, Baroque,
Rococo, Tudor, Jacobean. Tudor ,Jacobean Period Were Seen As Turning Point Towards
Classicized Decoration. Timber Framed House Were Replaced By Reconstruction With
Stone And Brick. They Had Flat Plaster Work On Bricks And Stone And Then They Were
Lime Washed. In Some Grand Houses The Walls Had Paneling Of Timber.
ROCOCO INTERIOR STYLE: BAROQUE INTERIOR STYLE
ROCOCO INTERIOR STYLE`

OTHER KNOWLEDGE
ROOF- I Have Also Studied About Roof , It Is The Upper Most Components Of A
Building And Its Main Function Is To Cover The Space Below And Protect It From
Rain, Snow , Sun , Wind Etc.
PITCHED ROOFSLANT ROOF
PLAIN ROOF

CASE STUDY
I Have To Devise A Plane Of A House Which Is The Land Area Is 50’-0”x60’-0”.For A Small
Family Of 4 Person (Example:- One Couple And Two Children) Facilities Like Garden Area,
Parking, Required Rooms, Vestibule, Staircase Etc.

SITE CONSIDERATION
All Buildings Exert Direct & Indirect Influence On The People Who Use The Buildings As
Well As The One’s Who See The Building. The Direct Influence Is Judged From The
Feedback As To How Far The Building Help In Making Its Occupant Comfortable; Healthy
& Cheerful. The Direct Influence Is Far Reaching As It Is Not Only Affects The Occupants
Of The Building Who Are Influenced By What They See Of Outside From Inside, But Also
The People Who See The Building From Outside As It Forms A Part Of Overall
Development And Landscape. The Relation Of Site With Its Environment And The Site
Itself Would Influence The Architect’s Scheme. The Topographical Features Of The Site
With Natural & Artificial Surrounding Are To Be Taken Into Account While Planning And
Designing The Building.
Before Devising Any Plan On The Plot It Is Necessary To Study The Details
About The Site I.E. Location Of The Site, Topography Of Land, Neighboring Areas And
Also To Know The Impact Of Sunlight On A Particular Plot.
The Site Which Reacts Its Occupants Is The Site One Can Live Happily And Can Feel
Relaxed.

MAP OF INDIA
To Start With My Project There Are Few Consideration To Be First Kept And Then The
Project Begin They Are:-
Location Of India:-the Location Of India In The Word Is “North-east” Direction.
Latitude of India:
68o E To 98o E
Longitude of India:
8o N To 37oN
Climate Of India: The Whole Of India Has Tropical Monsoon Climate. Since, The
Greater Part Of The Country Lies Within The Tropics And Climate Is Influenced By The
Monsoon

MAP OF RAJASTHAN
Latitude: 23o N To 30o N.
Longitude: 69o 5’ E To 48o E.
Climate Of Rajasthan: Rajasthan has a tropical desert climate. Since Rajasthan
lies within the tropics and climate is influenced by the deserts. It is extremely cold
from October to February while the sun’s heat is very much from march to
September.

MAP OF AJMER
Latitude of Ajmer: 26o 27’ to 74o 38’E.
Longitude of Ajmer: 69o 5’ to 78o E.
CLIMATE:
Ajmer has a hot semi-arid climate. Hot and dry climate is seen throughout the year.

MAP OF SITE
SPECIFICATION:
Distance from Bus stand: 1km.
Distance from Railway station: 2.5km
Distance from Shopping mall: 1.2km
Distance from School: 500m
Distance from Hospital: 350m
The Connectivity to Main Roads and Other Sub Roads
Savitri
College
1
R.T.D.C
2
Site
4
Ajmer
Hospital
5
Residential zone
6
Residentialzone
6
Main Road
3
MainRoad3

ORIENTATION
Orientation Refers To The Study Of Directions. It Provides An Interior Designer
To Study The Directions And Use It In His Plan So As He Can Increase The Working
Efficiency And Make A Life Comfort.
Orientation Simply Means Study Of Directions I.E. North, South, East & West.
Major Points Of Orientation To Be Considered Before Planning Any Space:
 Always Use The Compass Before Starting Any Planning Process.
 From These We Get The Proper Directions I.E. North, South, East, West.
 Now From Compass Check The Sunlight On The Plot.
 Locate The Activities Which Requires Energy And Happiness Between East, South
Direction.
 The Zone Which Requires Less Sunlight Needs To Be Positioned Towards The North
Direction.
 The Orientation Of Residence Should Be North To South Because These
Orientation Allows More Sunlight In The House. East To West Orientation Is Not
That Effective While Devising Any Plan.
Following Positions Should Be Made For A Plot:
 Cheerful Zone: EAST
 Activity Zone: SOUTH
 Relaxing Zone: NORTH
 Windward Area: SOUTH-WEST
 Leeward Area: NORTH-EAST

MACRO CLIMATE
Macro Climate Refers To The Climate Of An Geographical Area As A Whole.
Geographical Area Includes Climate Of An Ocean, River, Mountain, State & Territory
Etc.

MICRO CLIMATE
Micro Climate Refers To A Climate Of A Particular Area Or A Plot. Micro
Climate Includes A Climate Inside A Boundary Wall. One Can Control Micro Climate By
Various Methods In Order To Minimize The Wastage Of Depleting Energy Resources.
Micro Climate Can Be Controlled By Various Techniques Such As:
1. One Can Construct The Cavity Walls In Order To Control The Exterior Temperature.
2. Plant More Deciduous Trees Towards The South Side As It Acts As A Barrier And
Controls The Direct Suns Heat In The House.
3. Also Carry The Landscaping On The Ground. Do Not Concrete The Land As It
Radiates The Heat. If Proper Landscaping Is Carried On The Ground One Can
Control The Temperature For Up To 5o
4. Also Plant Hedges Beyond The Exterior Wall As It Acts As A Barrier And Prolongs
The Heat To Transfer In The Room.
5. Place Water Body Towards The South As Wind Blows Over It Carries Cool Air And
Moisture In The Room.
6. Use Low-e-emissivity Glass Towards The South As It Controls The Direct Sunlight
And Heat In The Room.
7. Place Windows At The South-west And North-east Direction As It Acts As A Proper
Ventilation.

VENTILATION
Ventilation May Be Defined As Supply Of Fresh Air Of Outside Into An
Enclosed Space Or The Removal Of Inside Air From Enclosed Space. In Other Words,
Ventilation Is The Removal Of All Vitiated Air From A Building And Its Replacement
With The Fresh Air. Ventilation May Be Achieved Either By The Natural Or By Artificial
(Mechanical) Means.
 Necessity Of Ventilation:
• Creation Of Air Movement.
• Prevention Of Undue Accumulation Of Carbon Dioxide.
• Prevention Of Flammable Concentration Of Gas Vapor.
• Prevention Of Accumulation Of Dust And Bacteria Carrying Partides.
• Removal Of Body Heat Generated By The Occupants.
• Prevention Of Suffocation Conditions In Conference Room, Committee Hall,
Cinema Hall Etc.

Functional Requirements Of Ventilation.
1. Air Changes And Rate Of Supply Of Fresh Air.
2. Humidity.
3. Quality Of Air.
4. Effective Temperature.
o Systems Of Ventilation:
 NATURAL VENTILATION: Natural Ventilation Is The One In Which
Ventilation Is Affected By The Elaborated Use Of Doors, Windows,
Ventilators And Skylights. It Is Usually Considered Suitable For Residential
Buildings And Small Houses. In Natural Ventilation, Cross Ventilation Is
Normally Relied To Secure Air Movement. It Is Economical Since No
Equipment Is Required For Keeping The Room Ventilated.

Natural Ventilation:
a. Ventilation Due To Wind Effect: The Rate Of Ventilation Depends Upon The
Direction And The Velocity Of The Wind Outside And Sizes And Positions Of
Openings. Such An Effect Is Known As ‘Ventilation Due To Wind Action’. When
Wind Blows At Right Angles To One Face Of Building, The Pressure Differences
Are Created. Positive Pressure Is Produced On Wind-ward Side (I.E. South-west)
& Negative Pressure Is Produced On The Leeward Side (I.E. North-east).
In Designing A System Of Natural Ventilation, The Aim Should
Be To Make Effective Use Of Wind Forces. Since These Are Not Constant, Being
Dependent On The Speed And Direction Of The Wind, It Is Obvious That The
Ventilation Is Likely To Be Variable In Quantity. For Design Purposes, The Wind May
Be Assumed To Come From Any Direction With 45o Of The Direction Of The Wind
Prevailing The Room.
In Case Of Pitched Roof, The Pressure Will Depend Upon The Pitch Of The
Roof. It Is Seen That The Roof Pressures In General Are Negative, Except An
Windward Side Of The Roof With Shape Greater Than 30o . Wind Will Blow From
Windward Side To The Other Side If There Is Opening
WIND
WIND
WIND
Movement of the wind through windows

B. Ventilation Due To Stack Effect: The Rate Of Ventilation Is Affected By The
Convection Effects Arising From Temperature Or Vapor Pressure Difference Between
Inside And Outside Of The Room And The Difference In The Height Between The
Outlet And Inlet Openings. When Air Temperature Inside Is Higher Than Outside,
Warm Air Rises And Passes Through Openings Located In The Upper Part Of The
Room, Whereas Incoming Cool Air Enters From The Lower Openings.
Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Is The One In Which Some
Mechanical Arrangements Are Made To Increase The Rate Of Air Flow. The System Is
Useful For Large Buildings, Halls, Factories, Theaters Etc. Though The System Is More
Costly, Its Results Are Considered Effectively For The Person Living In The Building.

BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN AND STRATEGIES.
Bioclimatic Design Is Based On The Natural Flows Of Energy In Air Around The
Building Created By The Interaction Of Sun, Wind, Precipitation, Vegetation,
Temperature And Humidity In The Ground.
 Bioclimatic Design Strategies:
I. In Winter The Objective Of Bioclimatic Design Is To Resist Loss Of Heat From
Building Envelope And To Promote Gain Of Solar Heat.
II.In Summer These Objectives Are Reversed. It Is To Resist Solar Gain And To Promote
Loss Of Heat From The Building.

 These Can Be Done By:
• Plant Deciduous Trees At The South Side.
• Place A Water Body At The South Area, As The Wind Entering In The House Will Be
Cold.
• Place More Of Windows Towards The South And West, As This Is A Windward Area.
• Do Not Concrete More On Landscape. Try Using Ground Cover (Grass) On The
Landscape Area. It Helps To Maintain The Temperature And Increase The Ground
Water Level.
• Make A Rain Water Harvesting Tank On The Site Which Is Connected With The Water
Collected On The Terrace During The Rainy Season.

• Always Taper The Parapet Wall. We Need To Design The Pitch Roofs Towards The
Southern Side, These Will Lead To Lesser Heating On The Roof.
• Promote The Construction Of Cavity Walls. The Dimension Of It Are 6” Thick
External Wall And Then A Gap Of 5 To 8 Cm Is Given, Than Another Wall Of 4”
Thickness Is Made. These Will Prolong The Heating Process.

DAYLIGHT DESIGN.
People Like Daylight. We Like Interior Spaces To Have Plenty Of Daylight. The Variety
And Range Of Light And Color That We Experience In Forest Groves Engages All Of
Our Senses. Daylight Design Could Aspire To The Same Inspirational Effect. Day
Lighting Can Be Employed To Conserve Energy And Can Enhance Visibility.
 Many Factors Are Involved With The Use Of Daylight In Buildings:
 Aesthetics
 Psychological Response
 Health
 Energy/Cost
Physiological Benefits Of Daylighting
 Full-spectrum Lighting: It Helps To Prevent From Rickets, Helps Keep Skin In A
Healthy Condition, Is Responsible For Production Of Vitamin D In The Body (Thus
Reducing The Incidences Of Broken Bones In The Elderly), And It Destroys Germs.
 Orientation: People Inside Building Who Lose Contact With The Exterior May Feel
Insecure About Possible Escape From Fire. People Are Frustrated And Distracted
When Not Able To Sense What The Weather Is Outside And To Have Some Sense
Of Nature’s Time.
Psychological Benefits Of Daylighting
 Sunshine: The Presence Of Direct Sunshine In The Exterior Environment Is One Of
The Strongest Psychological Benefits. The Evidence Of A Desire By Most People For
Some Direct Sun Is Strong. Day Lighting Design Can Often Include Direct Sun
Without Destroying Visual Acuity.
 View: A View To Exterior Is Another Psychological Benefit To Building Occupants.
What Constitutes A Valuable View Is Generally Related To The Information Content
In The View And The Distance Between Occupant And The Window. The Best
Views Are Those That Include Some Sky Horizon And Foreground. The Closer Is The
Occupant To The Window The More The Satisfaction Will Be.

Time- 10:00 AM Time- 2:00 PM
Time- 12:00 PM Time- 4:00 PM
 Brightness Gradient And Color Constancy: Color Seen With Daylight Will Appear
Real And Appropriate Through Something Called Color Constancy Even Tough The
Color Produced By Daylight Will Vary From Dawn To Noon To Dusk, As Well As By
Color Reflection From Adjacent Surfaces.
 Contrast And Glare: Contrast Is Necessary For Good Visual Perception, The Result
Of Luminous (Or Brightness) Differences That In Turn Are Dependent Upon
Illuminance Falling On The Task And The Reflectivity Of The Task.
Glare Is Usually Associated With Brightness Differences (Too Much
Light In The Field Of View) Or With Reflected Light.

UNIVERSAL DESIGN.
The Goal Of UNIVERSAL DESIGN Could Be Said Is To Create Buildings, Places And Details
That Provide A Supportive Environment To The Largest Number Of Individuals
Throughout Life’s Variety Of Changing Circumstances. All People Experience Changes In
The Mobility, Agility And Perpetual Acuity Throughout Their Life Spans, From Childhood
To Adulthood. At Any Time In Our Lives, We May Experience Temporary Or Permanent
Physical Or Psychological Impairments Which May Be Disabling And Which May Increase
Our Dependence Upon Certain Aspects Of The Physical Environment. In Addition People
Are Diverse In Size, Preference And Abilities.
Universal Design Makes A Designer, User & Building Owner More Sensitive
To What Can Be Done To Improve The Long Term Quality Of What We Build. Design &
Long Term Quality Is Improved By Designing For Easier Access, Reduced Accidents, Easier
Way Finding And Transit Of People And Goods And Design For Details For All Age, Size
And Capacities And Increase The Working Efficiency Of People And Environment They
Live In.

“Accessible Design” Is A Design That Meets The Standards That Allow People With
Disabilities To Enjoy A Minimum Level Of Access To Environment & Products.
Accessibility Standards Has Simplified These Overwhelming Diversity Down To 3 Main
Groups Of Conditions:

I. SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS: This Includes Vision, Hearing And Speech Impairments
Including Total And Partial Loss Of Function And Leads To Design Recommendation
For Redundancy Of Communication Media To Insure That Everyone Can Receive
Information And Express Themselves Over Communication System.
II. Dexterity Impairments: This Includes People With Limitations In The Use Of Their
Hands & Fingers And Suggests The Closed Fist Rule, Testing Selection Of Equipment's
Controls & Hardware By Operating It With The Closed Fist. This Addresses The
Location Of Equipment & Controls So That They Are Within The Range Of Reach Of
People Who Use Wheelchairs & Those Who Are Short Stature.
III. Mobility Impairments: This Includes People Who Use Walkers, Crutches, Canes And
Wheelchairs Plus Those Who Have Difficulty Climbing Stairs Or Going Long Distances.
The T-turn And 5feet Diameter Turning Area Provide Key Plan Elevation.
Principles Of Universal Design:
1. Equitable Use.
2. Flexibility In Use.
3. Simple And Intuitive Use.
4. Perceptible Information.
5. Tolerance For Error.
6. Low Physical Effort.
7. Size And Space For Approach And Use.

GREEN BUILDING DESIGN AS PER L.E.E.D CERTIFICATION
 The Term Green Building And Sustainable Design Are Used
Interchangeably To Describe Any Building Designed In An Environmentally Sensitive
Manner.
 Green Building Provides Healthy Environment.
 Green Building Is Governed By Standards Such As “Leadership In Energy And
Environmental Design” (Leed)
 This Provides A Set Of Measurable Criteria That Promotes Environmentally
Sustainable Construction And Design.
 This System Was Developed By ’U.S. Green Building Council’ (UNGBC).
 The Leed Rating System For Any New Construction Addresses; The Following Major
Areas:
1. Sustainable Sites:
• Deals With Reducing Pollution Associated Construction Activity.
• Protects Natural Sensitive Areas Of Land & Restored Habitats.
2. Water Efficiency:
• Capturing Rain Water & Gray Water For Conveying Sewage And Treating
Waste Water.
3. Energy And Atmosphere:
• Encourages Efficiency Of Using Energy.
• Increasing Non-renewable Sources, Non Polluting Energy Sources To
Reduce The Environmental Impact.
• Less Use Of Fossil Fuels And Contribute To Nature To Reduce Ozone Layer
Depletion & Global Warming.

4. Material And Resources:
• We Should Maximize Locally Available Materials, Recycled Materials And Reduce
Waste.
5. Indoor Environmentally Quality:
• The Design Should Promote Enhanced Comfort, Productivity And Well Being Of
Building Occupants By Improving Indoor Air Quality, Maximizing Day Lighting Of
Interior Space And Ventilation Of Space.
• We Should Minimize The Use Of Chemical Pollutant, Volatile Organic Compounds
Used In Adhesives And Coatings Used On Wood, Wall Floor.
6. Innovation And Design Process:
• When Any Design Has Been Made As Per The Requirement Set By LEED And
Demonstrates Innovative Performance Is Acceptable.
• If Any Design Comes Up With A Design Which Exceeds The Requirements Of Leed, It
Is Called Innovation In Design Process.

PLANNING CONSIDERATION
The Main Objective Of Planning A Building Is To Ensure That The Different Components
Of A Building Are So Arranged That The Occupants Can Perform The Desire Function
With Ease & Comfort. Good Planning Requires The Total Area Available With Minimum
Circulations.
In The India Who Has A Climate Which Is Hot And Dry The Year And Sunshine
Brightly The Whole Year With Winter Month Bring Less. It Is In This Surrounding That
A Residence Of A Person Access To Device A Proper Interior Design One Most See
The Outside Building Envelope Along With Interior Space So That We Can Achieve
The Client Requirement A Room Which Is Sun Field Makes A Person Happy Then
Space Which Is Dull And Dark.
The Various Factors Should Be Kept In View While Planning Of A Building Like:
1. Aspect.
2. Prospect.
3. Circulation.
1. Aspect: Aspect Refers To Proper Arrangement Of Doors And Windows To The
Exterior Walls In Order One Can Enjoy The Natural Climate And Fell Comfortable
And Also Provides Hygienic Comfort.
2. Prospect: While Prospect Refers To The Outer Surrounding. One Can Enjoy The
Outer Landscaping Or Exterior Environment By Interconnecting Through The
Window With A View And Also With The Doors.
3. Circulation: Circulation Means Internal Space Or Access Provided Between One
Room To The Other Through Passage, Stairs, Ramps Etc.
Proper Circulation Provides Comfort And Convenience. Circulation
Should Be Short, Straight & Properly Ventilated. Circulation Space Can Also Be
Made Within The Room. Normally At Least 3’ Circulation Space Should Be Left
Between The Things In The Room.

After Considering All Planning Principles We Also Need To Keep In Mind About Various
Factors Of Planning Like:
 Orientation
 Building Byelaws
 Principles Of Louis Kahn
 Anthropometric And Ergonomics
 Topography Of Land
 Daylighting
 Ventilation
 Landscaping
 Windows And Doors
 Entrance And Approach

 ORIENTATION: Orientation Of A Building Is The Term Used To Define The
Setting Or Fixing The Direction Of The Layout Plan Of A Building. The Orientation
Of Building Is Termed As Optimum When The Building Is Designed And Laid Out In
Such A Manner That It Is Able To Achieve Indoor Comfort Conditions By Gainfully
Utilizing The Beneficial Effects Of The Elements Of Nature Like Sun, Wind And
Rain. After Following The Concept Of Orientation In A Plot One Can Place The
Rooms According To Its Needs And Utility. Such As The Room Which Requires Less
Sunlight Are To Be Placed At The North Side I.E. Master Bedroom Can Be Placed At
The North Side. Kitchen Can Be Positions Towards The South/West As The Early
Morning Direct Sunlight Destroys The Germs And Dirt Left Over. Living Room Can
Be Placed Towards West As These Direction Is The Most Cheerful Direction.
Orientation Too Helps In Reducing The Depleting Energy Resources And Use Of
Proper Daylight In The Room.

 BUILDING BYE-LAWS: It Is Necessary For One To Know And Follow The
Byelaws As Governed. Building Byelaws Consist Of Certain Rules And Regulations
Framed By The Municipal Of Town Planning Or Urban Development Board To
Control The Development Of Area Under Its Jurisdiction. The Aim Of Framing The
Bye-laws Is To Ensure The Provision Of Reasonable Minimum Requirements And
Standards In Planning, Designing And Construction Activities Of Buildings In The
Zone. The Bye-laws Are Framed Paying Due Regard To The Weather Conditions,
Local Construction Practice, Availability Of Materials, Labour And Other Similar
Factor
 Objectives:
a. It Prevents Construction Of Building In Haphazard Manner.
b. It Helps To Plan The Development Of Area As A Whole.
c. It Specifies About Leaving Proper Space At The Back, Front And Sideways As A
Proper Setbacks.

LOUIS KAHN PRINCIPLES: Every Human Being Has A Different Personality That
Consist Of One Or More Characteristics. Their Personalities React Differently In Different
Environment Or With Different People. Every Space Has Its Own Personality With Several
Spatial Characters That Differ By Projects. These Characters Cause The Space To Interact
With Other Spaces In A Certain Manner. These Characteristics Can Be Categorized As
Seven Expressions Oh Human Behavior.
1. Leader/Following: Leader Means A Person Who Leads And Forms Group Of
Following. In Planning Living Room Can Be Characterized As Leader.
2. Grouping: The Space Which Carry The Same Character With Other Spaces Is Called
Grouping. In Planning Living Room, Kitchen And Dining Are Grouped Together As
They Have The Same Character.

3. LONER: Loner Is A Place Which Requires More Privacy Of Sound And Site & Avoids
Social Interactions. This Character Is Preferred By The Master Bedroom. So It Needs
To Be Distanced From Living, Kitchen And Dining.
4. Servant: A Space Which Serves Other Spaces In Someway Needs To Be Adjacent To
Them. Servant Needs To Be Near The Master. Rest Room Plays A Servant Character.
5. Worker: A Space That Often Supplies Other Spaces Is Called As Worker. It Is Not
Necessary That The Space Should Be Adjacent To The Other Spaces. A Service Area
Usually Has A Worker Character As A Janitor Room.

6. Watcher: This Space Needs To Be Located Beside The Boundary Of Project For
Environmental Attraction. The Attractions Can Be Different Types Of Environmental
Conditions Like View, Park Etc.
7. Outreaching: This Space Character Is Located Near The Entrance Or Corridor For
Meeting Or Activities That Relate To Outreaching. This Type Of Space Represent As
A Welcome Space.

ANTHROPOMETRICS: Interior Design Is All About Space And People. To Make
A Building Architecturally Successful, The Link Between The Space And Inhabitant Of
That Space Is Very Important. No Space Can Be Designed Without The Information
Oh Human Dimensions. The Link Has To Be Established In Many Ways – Physical,
Psychological, Emotional And Much More. Physical Link Related To Physical Comfort
And The Need Of The Inhabitants To Fulfill Various Activities In A Certain Space.
If We Take Various Units In Residential Buildings We Can Start Applying
Those Anthropometric Data And Find Out The Space Required For Various Units Like
Sofa Seating, Wall Unit Access, Dining, Kitchen, Beds And Powder Room Etc.
 Ergonomics: Ergonomics Is The Scientific Discipline Concerned With The
Understanding Of Interactions Among Human And Other Elements Of System &
Profession That Applies Theory, Principles, Data & Methods To Design In Order To
Optimize Well Being And Overall System Performance.

TOPOGRAPHY OF LAND: Topography Refers To The Configuration Of Surface
Features Of A Plot Of Land, Which Influences Where And How To Build And Develop A
Site. To Study The Response Of Building Design To The Topography Of Site, We Can Use A
Series Of Site Sections Or Site Plan With Contour Lines.
Contour Lines Are Imaginary Lines Joining Points Of Equal Elevation About A Dactum And
A Benchmark. Contour Land Indicates Shape Line Formation. Contour Lands Are Always
Continuous And Never Cross Each Other.
For Aesthetic And Economic As Well As Ecological Reasons The General Intent In
Developing A Site Should Be To Minimize The Disturbance Of Existing Landforms And Also
The Microclimate Of The Plot.
 Site Development And Construction Should Minimize Disrupting The Natural Drainage
Pattern Of Site.
 When Modifying Landforms, Include Provisions For Drainage Of Surface Water And
Ground Water.
 Pay Particular Attention To Building Restrictions On Site Located On Or Near A Flood
Plan.

VENTILATION: Ventilation May Be Defined As Supply Of Fresh Air Of Outside Into
Enclosed Space Or The Removal Of Inside Air From An Enclosed Space. Ventilation May
Be Achieved Either By Natural Or By Artificial Means. Natural Ventilation In Buildings Is
Intended To Cool The Body Directly By Convection Across The Skin And Body, And
Absorption Perspiration. The Air Must Be Directed Towards The Living Or Occupied
Zones Of Building. Openings In The Building Can Be Manipulated To Increase Or
Decrease The Speed Of The Air Movement. Natural Ventilation Is Effective For Cooling
Buildings That Are Properly Shaded And Otherwise Designed To Suit Local Climatic
Conditions Such As Air, Earth Temperature, Relative Humidity And Breeze Direction.

DAYLIGHT: Every Human Being And Every Person Likes Daylight. Day Lighting
Provides A Person A Warmth And Cheerful Climate Which Enables Him To Work More
Efficiently. Day Lighting Also Helps In Minimizing The Wastage Of Depleting Energy
Resources. Daylight Provides A Person To Protect From Skin Disorders, Infections And
Cardiovascular Impairments. Daylight Also Creates A Mood As The Light Play From
Window On Surface And Textures Which Creates Interesting Shadows. Daylight Can Be
Employed To Conserve Energy And Can Enhance Visibility

LANDSCAPING: Landscape Design Is The Art Of Arranging Or Modifying The
Features Of Landscape, An Urban Area Etc. For Aesthetic Or Practical Purpose. The
Profession Of Landscape Architecture Has Been Built On The Principles Od Dedication
To The Public Safety, Health And Welfare, And Recognition And Protection Of Land
And Its Resources.
Landscaping Is Natural And Beautiful Way To Shade Your Home And
Block The Sun. A Well Placed Tree, Bush, Or Vine Can Deliver Effective Shade And To
Add The Aesthetic Value Of Your Property. When Designing Your Landscaping, Use
Plants Native To Your Area That Survive With Minimal Care.
Trees That Lose Their Leaves In The Fall Help Cut Cooling Energy Costs
The Most. They Provide Excellent Protection From The Summer Sun And Permit
Winter Sunlight To Reach And Warm Your House.
Landscape Design Creates Practical And Pleasing Outdoor Living Space.
Landscape Design Develops A Series Of Outdoor Room.

WALL PLANES: Wall Planes Defines About The Space Organization Where Space
Organization Includes:
 BASE PLANE: A Horizontal Plane Laying As A Figure On A Contrasting
Background Defines A Simple Field Of Space. This Field Can Be Visually
Reinforced In Following Ways.
 ELEVATED BASE PLANE: A Horizontal Base Plane Elevated Above The
Ground Plane Establishes Vertical Surfaces Along Its Edges That Reinforce
The Visual Separation Between Its Field And The Surrounding Ground.
 DEPRESSED BASE PLANE: A Horizontal Plane Depressed In The Ground
Plane Utilizes The Vertical Surface Of The Lowered Area To Define A Volume
Of Space.
 OVERHEAD PLANE: A Horizontal Plane Located Overhead Defines A Volume
Of Space Between Itself And Ground Plane.
FURTHER PLANES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 3:
I. PARALLEL AND VERTICAL PLANES: A Pair Of Parallel Vertical Planes
Defines A Field Of Space Between Them. The Open End Of Field,
Established By The Vertical Edges Of The Planes, Give The Space A Strong
Directional Quality, Its Primary Orientation Is Along The Axis About Which
The Planes Are Symmetrical. Since Parallel Planes Do Not Meet The Form
Corners And Fully Enclose The Field. The Space Is Extroverted In Nature

II. L- SHAPED PLANES: An L-shaped Configuration Of Vertical Planes Defines
A Field Of Space Along A Diagonal From Its Corner Outward. While This
Field Is Strongly Defined And Enclosed At The Corner Of The
Configuration, It Dissipates Rapidly As It Moves Away From The Corner.
III. U- SHAPED PLANES: A U-shape Configuration Of Vertical Planes Defines A
Field Of Space That Has An Inward As Well As Outward Orientation. At
The Closed End Of The Configuration The Field Is Well Defined. Towards
The Open End Of The Configuration The Field Becomes Extroverted In
Nature.

STAIRS: A stairs may be defined as a structure comprising of a number of step
connecting one floor to another. The stairs must be constructed in such a manner that it
is safe and comfortable to use and it should be located as to permit easy
communication.

STAIRS CAN BE:-
BIFURCATED
CIRCULAR

STAIRS CAN BE:-
STRAIGHT
SPIRAL

OPENINGS (WINDOWS AND DOORS): Openings Are An Medium Which Are
Used To Interconnect The Outside View With The Inside Space. Openings Also Provide
Natural Air, Day Lighting And Also A Beautiful View.
Openings Can Be Of Two Types:
1. Doors.
2. Windows.
1. Doors: Door Is An Opening Wall In Which One Can Enter In And Exit From.
A Door May Be Defined As A Framework Of Wood, Steel, Aluminum, Glass
Or A Combination Of These Materials Secured In An Opening Left In A
Wall For The Purpose Of Providing Access To The Users Of The Structures.
A Door Is A Moveable Structure Used For Opening And Closing An
Entrance Or For Giving Access To Any Thing. It Basically Consist Of Two
Parts:
 A Frame
 Shutter (leaf)

 TYPES OF DOORS:
 FLUSH DOOR
REVOLVING DOOR

 TYPES OF DOORS:
BATTENED &LEDGED
AND FRAMED DOOR
BATTENED, LEDGED , BRACED
& FRAMED DOORS

2. WINDOW:- A Window May Be Defined As An Opening Left In A Wall For The
Purpose Of Providing Day Light, Vision And Ventilation. The Size And Number Of
Windows Should Be Sufficient To Provide Adequate Light And Ventilation In The
Room. Example:- Vertical Window, Off Center Window, Horizontal Window,
Corner Window.

WINDOWS CAN BE:
BAY WINDOW
GABLE WINDOW

WINDOWS CAN BE:
DORMERV WINDOW
PIVOTED WINDOW

ENTRANCE: Entrance Refers To The Main Gate Where A Person Can Enter Into His
Plot Or House. Entrance Also Helps A Person To Know The Proper Entry And Exit In The
Plot. It Is An Opening Where There Are Various Details Provided Of The House Owner
Like The Name Of Owner, Plot Number, Locality Etc.

APPROACH: APPROACH REFERS TO THE WAY WHICH DESCRIBES THE
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN THE MAIN ENTRANCE (I.E. ENTRY FROM THE BOUNDARY
WALL) AND THE ENTRY IN THE HOUSE. THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF APPROACH.
 STRAIGHT APPROACH: STRAIGHT APPROACH REFERS TO THE WAY WHICH IS
STRAIGHT FROM THE MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE ENTRANCE OF THE HOUSE.
 SPIRAL APPROACH: The Spiral Approach Refers To The Zigzag Way From The
Main Entrance To The Entrance Of The House.

 CIRCULAR APPROACH: Circular Approach Refers To The Way Which Is Round To
Enter In The House From Its Boundary Wall.
 PERPENDICULAR APPROACH: Perpendicular Approach Refers To The Way Which
Is Mostly At The 90o. It Gives Out The Formal Look.

ARCHITACTURAL
LAYOUTS OF HOUSE

YOU WERE SUPPOSE TO MAKE A PLAN OF A HOUSE. THE LAND AREA OF 50’BY 60’
FAMILY OF FOUR PEOPLE AND THE REQUIREMENT BEING LIVING ROOM , KITCHEN ,
MASTER BEDROOM,
CHILDREN BEDROOM, SPACE FOR THE LADY OF THE HOUSE TO WORK WITH PLANTS
AND DISPLAY OF THE SAME.
THEY REQUIRE A TERRACE GARDEN AND THEY LOVE MORE OF LIGHTED UP SPACE
WHICH ARE BRIGHT UP AND LIVELY
YOU HAVE TO DO SPACE PLANNING FOR A CLIENT. HE HAS A FAMILY OF TWO
CHILDREN . ONE BOY AGE GROUP 15 AND SECOND GIRL AGE 13 AND MR. KUMAR IS
WIFE WHO LOVE MAKING FOOD .
CASE STUDY

ARCHITACTURAL
LAYOUTS OF LIVING ROOM

ELEMEMTS AND PRINCIPLE
OF DESIGN

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
The elements are components or parts which can be isolated and defined in any
visual design or work of art. They are the structure of the work ,and can carry a wide
variety of messages. The elements are-
• Point
• Line
• Shape ,form and space
• Movement
• Color
• Pattern
• Texture
 POINT
Even if there is only one point or one mark on a blank page there is something built
into the brain that will meaning for it and it seeks some kind of relationship or order.
If there are two points, immediately the eve will make a connection and see a line. If
there is three points it is unavoidable to interpret them as a triangle the mind
supplies the connections

 LINE
A Line Is A Mark Made By A Moving Point And Having Psychological Impact According
To Its Direction, Weight And The Variation In Its Direction And Weight. It Is
Enormously Useful And Versatile Graphic Device That Is Made To Function Is Both
Visual And Verbal Ways

 FORMS AND SHAPE
Forms And Shape Are Areas Or Masses Which Define Objects In Space. Forms And
Shape Imply Space; Indeed They Cannot Exist Without Space. Form And Shape Can Be
Thought Of As Either Two-dimensional Or Three-dimensional. Two-dimensional Form
Has Width And Height. It Can Also Create The Illusion Of Three-dimensional Object.
Three-dimensional Shapes Has Depth As Well As Width And Height.

 MOVEMENT
Movement Is The Design Element That Operates In Fourth Dimension- Time.
Movement Is The Process Of Relocation Of Object In Space Over Time. We Can Speak
Of Movement As Literal Or Compositional. The Physical Fact Of Movement Is Part Of
Certain Designed Objects; We Are Speaking Here Of Literal Movement.

 COLOUR
Color Is One Of The Most Power Full Element. It Has Tremendous Expressive
Qualities. Understanding The Use Of Color Is Cr4ucial To Effective Composition In
Design And The Fine Art. The Word Color Is General Term Which Applies To The
Whole Subject- Red Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Black And White And All
Possible Combinations Therefore.

 PATTERN
Pattern Is An Underlying Structure That Organizes Surface Or Structure In A
Consistent, Regular Manner4. Pattern Can Be Describe As A Repeating Unit Of Shape
Or Form, But It Can Also Be Thought Of As The “Skeleton” That Organizes The Part Of
Composition.

 TEXTURE
Texture Is The Quality Of An Object Which We Sense Through Touch. It Exists As A
Literal Surface We Can Feel, But Also As A Surface We Can See, And Imagine The
Sensation Might Have If We Felt It. Texture Can Also Be Portrayed In An Image,
Suggested To The Eye Which Can Refer To Our Memories Of Surface We Have
Touched. So A Texture Can Be Imaginary.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The Principles Are Concepts Used To Organize Or Arrange THE Structural Elements Of
Design. The Way In Which These Principles Are Applied Affects The Expressive
Content, Or The Messages Of The Work. The Principles Are-
 Balance
 Proportion
 Rhythm
 Emphasis
 Unity
 Balance
It Is The Concept Of Visual Equilibrium And Relates To Our Physical Sense Of Balance.
It Is A Reconciliation Of Opposing Forces In A Composition That Results In Visual
Stability. Most Successful Composition Achieves Balance In One Of Two Ways:
Symmetrically Or Asymmetrically Balance In A Three Dimensional Object Is Easy To
Understand If Balance Isn’t Achieved, The Object Tips Over. To Understand Balance In
A Two Dimensional Composition, We Must Use Our Imagination To Carry This Three
Dimensional Analogy Forward To The Flat Surface.

 PROPORTION
It Refers To The Relative Size And Scale Of The Various Elements In A Design. This
Issue The Relationship Between Object And Part Of Whole. This Means That It Is
Necessary To Discuss Proportion In Term Of The Context Or Standard Used To
Determine Proportions. A Surprising Aspect Of Proportion Is Way Ideal Proportion
Can Vary For The Human Body Itself.

 RHYTHM
It Can Be Described As Timed Movement Though Space; An Easy, Connected Path Along
Which The Eye Follows A Regular Arrangement Of Motifs. The Presence Of Rhythm Creates
Predictability And Order In A Composition. Rhythm Depends Largely On Sound/ Music Are
Very Exact To The Idea Of Rhythm Is A Visual Composition. The Different Is That The Timed
“Beat” Is Sensed By Eyes Rather Than The Ears.

 EMPHASIS
It Is Also Referred To As A Point Focus Or Interruption. It Marks The Locations In A
Composition Which Most Strongly Draw The Viewers Attention. Usually There Is A
Primary, Or Main, Point Of Emphasis, With Perhaps Secondary Emphases In Other
Parts Of The Composition. The Emphasis Is Usually An Interruption In The
Fundamental Pattern Or Movement Of The Viewers Eyes Though The Composition, Or
A Break In The Rhythm.

 UNITY
It Is The Underlying Principle That Summarizes All Of The Principles And Elements Od
Design. It Refer To The Coherence Of The Whole, The Sense That All Of The Parts Are
Working Together To Achieve A Common Result; A Harmony Of All The Parts. Unity
Can Also Be A Matter Of Concept. The Elements And Principles Can Be Selected To
Support The Intended Function Of The Designed Object; The Purpose Of The Object
Unifies The Design.

DESIGN PROCESS
The Design Process Is A Term That Covers A Set Of Operations Which, When Carefully
Undertaken By The Designer, Result In Thoroughly Considered And Well Crafted
Design Solutions That Meets The Needs Of The Client. The Process Is Not Exclusive To
Interior Design And, In One Form Or Another, Applies To All Fields Of Design. Design
Must Be Seen As A Largely Linear Activity, With A Start Point (At Which The Client
Makes First Contact With The Designer) , And An End Point, When The Project Has
Been Implemented (That Is, Constructed Or Built). However, The Reality Is That Within
The Process Many Individual Tasks Are Interrelated And Highly Dependent Upon One
Another, So Changes To One Element Of A Design Solution Will Often Require That
Earlier Parts Of The Process Are Revisited And Revised As Appropriate. You Should Try
To See The Design Process As A Malleable One Where The Different Tasks Are
Adaptable To The Unique Nature Of Each Project. The Design Process Is Not A
Standard ‘One Set Fits All’ Solution, And You Will Need To Develop Your
Understanding Of It So That You Can See How It Might Be Used To Meet The Needs Of
Individual Projects That You Work On.
Further The Design Process Is Classified Into 4 Broad Categories:
1. Analysis
2. Development
3. Implementations
4. Evaluation

ANALYSIS: Analysis Is Relevant At Two Related But Distinct Parts Of The Project
Cycle: In The Very Earliest Stages, Before In Depth Design Work Takes Place, The
Designer Will Need To Assess The Scale And Complexity Of The Project Work To Be
Undertaken. This Will Allow Preliminary Estimates To Be Made Of The Time And
Resources Needed To Complete The Project, And These Will In Turn Provide A
Foundation Upon Which The Designer Can Base A Free Proposal. Part Of The Work At
This Stage Will Involve In Determining The Scope Of The Project And The Likely Format
And Content Of The Presentation, As This Will Control, To A Large Degree, The Amount
Of Drawings And Visuals That Are Prepared, All Of Which Take Time That Will Need To
Be Charged To The Client. Following This And Once The Client Has Agreed To The
Proposed Design Work Being Undertaken To Reach The First Presentation Stage, The
Designer Can Take A In-depth Brief From The Client. Initial Examination Of The Brief ,
Applied To A General Understanding Of The Project, Will Give The Designer A Starting
Point For Further Research. All Of This Work Will Lead To The Second Tranche Of
Analysis, In Which The Designer Is Aiming To Edit, Distil And Ultimately Make Sense Of
All The Information That Has Been Gathered. Some Of The Information Will Relate To
The Practical Aspects Of The Brief, Some To The Aesthetic, Some Of Which Could Be
Contradictory In Nature. Once Analysis Is Complete , Conclusions Regarding Style And
Content Of The Project Can Be Summarized By Creating A Concept. This Will Then Be
Used To Generate Ideas And Drive The Project.

DEVELOPMENT: During these stage, many different strands of the finished design
will be coming together. Since planning will be a major priority . Taking account of
ergonomics needs, the designer will seek to create a balanced and effective furniture
layout that meets the functional needs, as the designer will seek to create a balanced
and effective furniture layout that meets the functional needs of the users . The
designer will be sourcing furniture, finishes and fabrics which will be chosen for their
aesthetic and practical fit with the concept, with space planning constraints also
informing furniture choices .The development stage of the project is one of the most
Interesting for the designer . It is where the natural talents of most designers find
their expressive outlet, and where the individual can really make their mark on a
project. This is the stage where the needs of the client are taken and transformed into
a workable, practical and aesthetic design solution. It is where ideas are generated
and given life, where ‘flights of fancy’ are captured and turned into feasible and
stunning reality. Development work can sometimes be hard, requiring a great deal of
thought and re-working until the result is as perfect as is practicable, but the pleasure
and pride that the designer experiences when it goes well are worth the effort. How
much development work needs to be undertaken depends very much upon exactly
what the client requires from the designer. Drawing is crucial to the development of
design, an extremely powerful tool in the designer’s arsenal .sketching and hand
drawing plays a part in the life of almost all designers , even those who use computers
on daily basis to turn their ideas into the drawings used for construction purposes.
Plans are usually the first technical drawings to be made, but as soon as the first
planning options are being explored, the designer should be thinking in three
dimensions, so elevations, sections or perspective sketches will follow to show other
aspects of the space.

IMPLEMENTATION: After All The Design Work Hs Been Agreed And Signed Off By
The Client, Implementation Can Begin. Once Contractors Have Been Engaged To
Carryout The Work, The Involvement Of The Designer Could Be Minimal, With A
Number Of Site Visits To Check That Work Is Being Accomplished As Intended. The
Designer Could , On The Other Hand , Be Involved In A Very Hands On Supervisory
Role. The Term Project Management Is Sometimes Restricted To Those Who Have
Undertaken Specific Training In That Subject, So The Designer May Find Legal
Limitations On What They Are Able To Contribute To This Part Of The Process. Even If
This Is The Case , It Is Likely That The Designer’s Input Will Be Required To Resolve
Some Of The Issues That Are Bound To Arise As The Implementation Progresses. As
Part Of The Development Stage, You Will Have Tried To Anticipate All The Drawings
That Will Be Required For Various Trades Involved With The Project To Accurately
Interpret Your Instructions. This May Well Be A Much Greater Number Of Drawings
That Was Needed To Communicate Your Design Proposals To The Client. Even At The
Implementation Stage It May Be Necessary To Create New Drawings To Deal With
Some Of The Unexpected And Unforeseen Situation That Arise. Decisions Made And
Changes Agreed Need To Be Fully Documented And Recorded, As Disagreements
Could Be Costly And Cause Friction Between The Parties Involved.

EVALUATION: It Is Healthy For A Designer To Constantly Question The Chain Of
Decisions That Have Been Taken To That Point, And To Maintain A Self-critical Attitude
Towards Everything Throughout The Life Of A Project. Before Reaching The
Implementation Stage, Revising Work That Has Already Been Done Can Be A Healthy
Way To Work. From The Clients Point Of View , The Design Process Is Usually
Considered Complete After The Implementation Stage, But The Designer Should Also
Evaluate The Project In An Effort To Learn From It. A Time Of Reflection Will Be
Valuable Immediately After The Design Has Been Delivered, As Lessons Learned
During The Process Will Still Be Fresh In The Mind, And It Is Good Practice To Revisit
The Project After An Appropriate Period Has Be Elapsed , As Lesson Which Become
Apparent Only After A Space Has Been Occupied And Its Functional Can Be Learned.
While It May Or May Not Be Possible To Rectify Any Shortcomings That Are Identified
On Individual Project At This Stage, The Knowledge Acquired Can Be Fed Into
Subsequent Projects. Whatever The Extent Of The Work Undertaken To Try To
Visualise The Finished Outcome Of Project During Development, There Will Be Some
Instances Where You Can Only Properly Judge Some Of Your Aesthetic Decisions As
The Project Is Implemented. Although It May Be Possible To Make Changes At This
Stage, There Will Almost Certainly Be Cost Implications. It May Be More Appropriate
To Simply Learn The Lessons For Next Time, But Take No Action At The Site.

Modern Design Refers To A Period Of Time, It Is A Design Style That Was Created In
The 1920′s – 1950′s. It Doesn't Change, It Is A Defined Style, And Will Remain Such
For Ever. Contemporary Design Is Ever Changing. It Is Of The Moment. Well
Contemporary By Definition Means “Existing, Occurring, Or Living At The Same
Time; Belonging To The Same Time.” And That Is Exactly The Same For The Use Of
The Term In Interior Design. Contemporary Design Refers To What Is Popular Or
Used Right Now. Modern And Contemporary In Interior Design Are Not One In The
Same, As Many People Might Think. Modern Design Refers To A Period Of Time, It Is
A Design Style That Was Created In The 1920′s – 1950′s. It Doesn't Change, It Is A
Defined Style, And Will Remain Such For Ever. Contemporary Design Is Ever
Changing. Contemporary Style Encompasses A Range Of Styles Developed In The
Latter Half Of The 20th Century. Pieces Feature Softened And Rounded Lines As
Opposed To The Stark Lines Seen In Modern Design. Interiors Contain Neutral
Elements And Bold Color, And They Focus On The Basics Of Line, Shape And Form. It
Is A Fact That We Live In A Hectic Time And We All See How Various Objects
Change Their Shapes, Lines And Sizes And Reflect The Dynamics Of
Everyday Life – From Our Cars, The Appearance Of Our Houses, To The
Way We Perceive Our Surroundings.
Natural Light Has A Direct Impact Not Only On The Surrounding Area, But Also, On
Our Health. Science Has Proven That People Need Natural Light Just Like Plants Do.
The Importance Of Natural Light In Contemporary Home Interior Design Is Another
Major Principle Of Modern Interior Design. Large Windows, Skylights, Floor To
Ceiling Panorama Windows Not Only Allow Nature To Be A Background For The
Interior Design But Let In An Abundance Of Natural Light. The Separate Dark Rooms
Of The Past Have Been Transformed Into Light And Airy Rooms. Contemporary
Furniture Pieces Are Lighter, Not Only In Weight,
CONTEMPRARY STYLE

Contemporary Style Homes Are Modern-era
Houses And Became Popular In The 1960's
And 1970's. The Style Tends To Include Large
Plate Glass Windows, Metal Or Concrete.
Some May Have A More "Natural" Look Using
Wood Or Stone To Fit Into Surroundings. The
Shapes Are Often Geometric (Pyramid, Block
Or Round) In Ways That Would Not Have Been
Possible With Previous Building Techniques.
They Tend To Be Asymmetric. Large Windows
And Sliding Glass Doors Allowing For Much
Natural Lighting And A "Clean" Smooth Look
For Both. In Contrast To The "Natural"
Materials That Are Often Used, Are The
"Industrial" Materials And Style Components,

Rich, Warm ,And Full Of Vitality,
Earthy Color Combination Frequently
Use The Dark, Vivid Red-orange Called
Terra-cotta. Terra-cot Suggests Subtle
Warmth, Like Polished Copper. When
Used With White, It Projects A
Brilliant, Natural Combination. Earthy
Hues Reflect Fun-loving Youth, And
Call To Mind Leisure Living. As Part Of
An Analogous Scheme, These Warm,
Earthy Tones Generates Exciting
Combinations, Such As Those Seen In
The Décor Of The American West.

Asberry
7366
Mahogany
0R05
Armada
0u29
Spring Bud
9322
Coal Mine
8301
Tree Harvest
8566
Early Grey
8753
In This Colour Scheme, Instead Of
Colours Complementary, The Two
Colours On Each Side Of It Are Used.
This Offers More Variety Example –
Yellow With Blue Violet And Violet.

species: Maple
color: Natural
3” wide
1/2” engineered
eased edge
50 year finish warranty
MS3490
ADDITIONAL COLORS
Burgundy: MS3390 3” Width
Truffle: MS5290 5” Width
Toast: MS5190 5” Width
Honey: MS3790 3” Width
Designed for high traffic areas, Northern Maple Plank™
floors are ideal for homes that get a lot of living. With a
polyurethane coating infused with crystals almost as hard
as diamonds, the floors are guaranteed to stay beautiful for
years.

WALL - A
WALL
TEXTURE
WALL
CLOCK
CURTAIN
WALL
SHELVES
CARPET

CURTAIN
WALL ART
PAINTING
FLOWER
WASE
WALL - B
WALL SMOOTH
TEXTURE

4
1
5
3
1.Flowerpot 2.Cushion 3.Rugs
Papperfry.Com
4.Decorative Piece 5.Artefacts
ebay.Com
Accessories Are Furniture Item Which Are
Easy To Replace And Easy To Move.
Accessories As Movable Decorations,
Reflects The Owners Test And Create A
Personal Atmosphere Where They Are
Placed. Accessories Vary According To Size
And Shape Of Room Space. The Owner’s
Living Habits, Hobbies Tastes And Their
Economic Situation.

1
2
4
3
pepperfry
pepperfry
pepperfry
LED Lamps Have Been Advocated As The
Newest And Best Environmental Lighting
Method. Analysis Of Lighting Quality
Particularly Emphasizes Use Of Natural
Lighting, But Also Considers Spectral Content
If Artificial Light Is To Be Used Lighting Control
Systems Reduce Energy Usage And Cost By
Helping To Provide Light Only When And
Where It Is Needed.
1.Pendant light 2.WallBulb 3.CandelStand
Papperfry.Com
4. lamp
papperfry.Com
pepperfry

Karlee Sectional Come home to something
comfortable and cozy. This sectional
features plenty of back pillows
Ottoman (Taupe)
18.00” 18.00” 18.00”
Furniture is movable objects intended
to support various human activities
such as seating and sleeping.
Furniture is also used to hold objects at
a convenient height or to store things
There are Hardwood and softwood .
Both are used in furniture
manufacturing, and each have their
own specific uses Most commonly,
quality furniture is made out of
Hardwood which is made from oak,
maple, mahogany, teak, walnut, cherry
and birch. High quality wood will have
been air dried to rid it of its moisture.

A Ceiling Is An Overhead Interior Surface That Covers The Upper Limits Of A Room. It Is Not
Generally Considered A Structural Element, But A Finished Surface Concealing The Underside
Of The Roof Structure Or The Floor Of A Storey Above. Ceilings Can Be Decorated To Taste,
And There Are Many Fine Examples Of Frescoes And Artwork On Ceilings Especially In
Religious Building. Ceilings Are Classified According To Their Appearance Or Construction

WALL
TEXTURE
WALL
CLOCK
WALL ART
PAINTING
CURTAIN
CARPET
DECORATIVE
ARTIFACTS
WALL
MIRROR

Circulation
Zone
Activity
Zone 2
Activity
Zone 1
Conversation
Diameter 8’-10’
3
1
2
4
68
Living Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Living Room
Standard Dimensions
Madhvi Sharma
M.Sc.- Interior Design
I Year Residential Diploma
www.dezyneecole.com
S.no Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Lavish
Dimensions
1 Sofa ( 1 Seater) 2’4”X3’ (1 Seat) 3’X3’(1 Seat)
2 Sofa (2 Seater) 4’8’’ x 3’ (2 Seater) 6’ x 3’
3 Sofa ( 3 Seater) 6’8’’ x 3’ (3 Seater) 9’ x 3’
4 Side Table 2’ (Diameter) 4’(Diameter)
5 Relaxing chair 2’x2’ 3’x2’
6 TV Unit 5’X 1’ 6’X1’6”
7 Bay Window Varies 14’x 1’’
8 Door 4’ 4’
9 Center Table Varies 4’X4’
10 Activity zone 1 Varies 6’4’
11 Activity zone 2 Varies 6’1’’
12. Circulation zone 30’’ 36’’
Top Plan of the Living Room (24’10’’X 18) Area- 64388 Sq. in
Living Areas
Primary Activities
Entertainment
Watching Television
Listening to music
Reading
Writing
Studying
Relaxing
Resting
Children’s Play
Secondary Activities
Dancing
Hobbies and crafts
Eating
Parties
Using home
computer-Internet
Furniture Clearances
To assure adequate
space for convenient use
for furniture in the living
area, not less than the
following clearances
should be observed:
 60” between facing seat
 24” where circulation
occurs between furniture
 30” for use of desk
 36” for main circulation
 60” between home
entertainment center and
seating.
7
9
5

Bedroom Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bedroom Area
Standard Dimensions
Madhvi Sharma
Top Plan of the Bedroom (13’ x 15’) Area – 195 sq. ft.
Bedroom Areas
Primary Activities
 Sleeping
 Dressing
 Storing Clothes
 Personal Care
 Reading
 Writing
 Studying
 Working
 Watching Television
 Home Computing/
Internet
 Listening to music
 Children’s play
 Caring for infants
 Ironing
 Telephoning
 Drawing and
Painting
 Sitting and
Entertaining
 Exercising
 Resting
 Hobbies and Craft
 Storing bulky items
and seasonal clothes
S.no. Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. King Size Bed 6’6”x7’ Varies
2. Side Table Varies 1’4”X1’6”
3. Chair 2’x1’6” 2’x2’
4. Coffee Table Varies R=1’
5. Window 1 Varies 4’x4’
6. Window 2 Varies 5’
5
Way to Walk-in
Closet
2
1
3
4
6
www.dezyneecole.com

Bedroom Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bedroom Area
Standard Dimensions
Furniture
Requirement
There are minimum
requirements for furniture
and space if occupants are
able to carry out their
normal bedroom
activities.
There are two types
of bedrooms-
1. Single occupancy
bedrooms, which will
accommodate on
single bed.
2. Double occupancy
bedrooms, which will
accommodate on
double bed or two
single beds.
Clearances
Clearances should be
provided in front of and
around furniture of bedrooms
so that primary activities can
take place efficiently comfort.
In some cases, greater
clearances are required to
satisfy the needs of elderly
people, wheelchair users and
with disabilities
S.no. Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. Twin Size Bed 3’3”x7’ Varies
2. Side Table Varies 2’x3’
3. Chair 2’x1’6” 2’x1’6”
4. Study Table 2’x1’6” 2’x1’6”
5. Window Varies 4’
Way to Walk-
in Closet
Top Plan of the Bedroom (13’ x 15’) Area – 195 sq. ft.
Way to Walk-
in Closet
Way to Walk
in Closet
Madhvi Sharma
www.dezyneecole.com

Dining Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Madhvi Sharma
www.dezyneecole.com
S.no Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. Chair 2’x1’6” (1 Seat) 1’8”X1’6”(1 Seat)
2. Dining Table Varies 4’X4’
3. Crockery Unit Varies 5’x1’6”
4. Powder Room 4’x4’ 4’x4’
Top Plan of the Dining Room (12’4” x 16’) Area – 197 sq. ft.
Dining Areas
Primary Activities
 Setting the table
 Serving food
 Eating
 Cleaning up after
meals
 Storing dishes
 Children’s Play
 Reading
 Writing
 Studying and Home
Work
 Entertainment
 Board Games
Principal factors-
o Numbers of person to
be seated.
o Space for chairs and
for passage behind
them.
o Space used for table.
o Storage space for
china, glassware’ silver
and linen.
o Size and Type of
Furniture.
o Seating Arrangement.
Powder
Room
Way to Living
Room
Way to Kitchen
Circulation Zone
Circulation Zone
Passage
Behind
Chair
21
3
4
5

Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Madhvi Sharma
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Dining Room (11’6” x 14’) Area – 161sq. ft.
Dining Areas
Size of place setting
The minimum width
needed for each place
setting is 21 inches. How
ever a width of up of 29
inches is desirable for
greater freedom of
movement. A 25-inch
width is usually adequate;
this permits chairs 19
inches wide to be placed
6 inches apart. The
minimum depth for place
setting is 14 ½ inches.
These dimensions allow
space for china,
glassware, silver and
elbow.
Passage Behind Chairs
The minimum space
recommended for passage
behind chairs is 22 inches, a
satisfactory range is 22 to 25
inches. If passage behind the
chairs is not required, a
minimum of 5 inches plus
the depth of the chair must
be provided for pushing
back chair while leaving the
table.
S.no Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
2. Dining Table 5’ Diameter 5’ Diameter
Powder
Room
Circulation Zone
Passage
Behind
Chair
Circulation Zone
Way to Living
Room
Way to Kitchen
1
2
3
4
5

Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Madhvi Sharma
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Dining Room (12’x 14’) Area – 168sq. ft.
Dining Areas
Size of Table
The minimum Width
recommended is 36 inches as
Satisfactory width is 36 to 44
inch if 25 inch-wide pace
setting are Provided and if one
Person is Seated at Each of
Table, then Minimum and
Recommended Table Lengths
are follows:
Space for Total Dining Area
With the same conditions
Noted previously and with
Ample 42 inch space for
passage on all sides of 42 inch-
wide table. Requires sizes are
as follows:
Persons Min,Inches Recommended
4 10-1/2x12 =126
6 10-1/2x14 =147
8 10-1/2x16 =168
10 10-1/2x18 =189
12 10-1/2x20 =210
Persons Min,Inches Recommended
4 54 60
6 79 84
8 104 108
10 129 132
12 154 156
S.no Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
2. Dining Table Varies 4’x7’6”
Powder
Room
Circulation Zone
Passage
Behind
Chair Circulation Zone
Way to Living
Room
Way to Kitchen
4
1
2
3
5

MADHVI SHARMA
Time- 10:00 AM Time- 12:00 PM Time- 02:00 PM Time- 04:00 PM
Floor Plane
CenteredWindow
Ceiling Plane
Center of
Window
CENTERED WINDOW
Interior spaces should have plenty of daylight. Day lighting
design could aspire to the same inspirational effect. Thus, day
lighting can be employed to conserve energy and can enhance
visibility, the principal values of day lighting are more intangible.

Time- 10:00 AM Time- 04:00 PM
Floor Plane
CenteredWindow
Ceiling Plane
Center of
Window
CENTERED WINDOW
Daylight Concept
Interior spaces should have plenty of daylight. Day lighting design
could aspire to the same inspirational effect. Thus, day lighting can be
employed to conserve energy and can enhance visibility, the principal
values of day lighting are more intangible.
Time- 12:00 PM Time- 02:00 PM
MADHVI SHARMA

India map
Date – 12 Aug.2015
Project Report –
Residential Design
Drawing Title
Floor Level
Madhvi Sharma
1 year Residential Design
Diploma
Dezyne E’ Cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Floor Level:- It is consider in
leveling part in our designing.
This is very important factor in
our Design.

Macro Climate
Madhvi Sharma
!st Year-Interior Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole College,Ajmer
www.dezyneecole.com
Macro Climate - Macro
Climate Refers To The Climate Of
An Geographical Area As A
Whole. Geographical Area
Includes Climate Of An Ocean,
River, Mountain, State &
Territory Etc.
Micro Climate - . Micro
Climate Includes A Climate
Inside A Boundary Wall. One Can
Control Micro Climate By Various
Methods In Order To Minimize
The Wastage Of Depleting
Energy Resources

CLIMATOLOGY FACTORS
Climate Can Be Sub-divided Into Two
Major Divisions
1. Macro Climate
2. Micro Climate
We Have To Study The Micro
Climate And Macro Climate Structure
Climatology Is The Branch Which Deals With The
Climate And Changes Throughout The Year Of The
Weather.
Macro Climate Of India:
Location Of India In The World Is “Northeast”
Direction .
Longitude Of India 88° To 90°
Latitude Of India 8° To 37°
The Whole India Has A Tropical Monsoon Climate,
Since The Greater Part Of The Country Lies Within
The Tropics.

DETACHED HOUSE
DETACHED HOUSE
Top Plan
3d View
DETACHED HOUSE
In Design Detached Houses
Sufficient Margins Are Left On
Sides, Front And Rear. If
Includes Amenities Like Private
Garden, Swimming Pooled . A
Detached House Permits
Highest Form Of Residence
And Is Applicable At Places
Where Land Prices Are
Comparatively Low.
Date – 12 Aug.2015
Project Report –
Residential Design
Drawing Title
Houses Types
Road
Plot
Detached House
Madhvi Sharma
!st Year interior Design Diploma
I Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole college
www.dezyneecolr.com

SEMI DETACHED HOUSE
Madhvi Sharma
!st Year interior Design Diploma
I Year Residential Design Diploma
Dezyne E’cole college
www.dezyneecolr.com
SEMI DETACHED HOUSE
SEMI DETACHED HOUSE
Top Plan
3d View
Plot
Plot
A Common Boundary Wall be
Form Of Structural Barrier
Divides An Independent Plot
Into Two Units.
Date – 12 Aug.2015
Project Report –
Residential Design
Drawing Title
Houses Types
Semi Detached
House
Semi Detached
House
Road

Madhvi Sharma
1 year Residential Design
Diploma
Dezyne E’ Cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
SITE PLAN
Date – 12 Aug.2015
Project Report –
Residential Design
Drawing Title
Houses Types
SITE PLAN
The Connectivity to Main Roads and Other Sub Roads
Savitri
College
1
R.T.D.C
2
Site
4
Ajmer
Hospital
5
Residential
zone
6
Residential
zone
6
Main Road 3
MainRoad3
 SPECIFICATION
3. Road
6. Residential Zone
4.Site
1. Savitri College
2. R.T.D.C.
5. Ajmer Hospital

The project would not have been successful the guidance of my Mentors and
reference book of various expert designer such as-
 Building Construction – Sushil Kumar
 Louis Kahn’s Principle
 Element of Style
 100 House
 50 Homes
 Color Harmony
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Madhvi Sharma, One year Residential Interior Design Diploma Portfolio

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Madhvi Sharma, One year Residential Interior Design Diploma Portfolio