1.
“AEROSOL”
Presented by
Vishal D Shelke
M Pharm Sem-I
Guided By :- Dr. S.R Hardikar
Department of Pharmaceutics
Pune District Education Association’s
Seth Govind Raghunath Sable College Of
Pharmacy, Saswad.
Presentation
on

2.
Contents
 Introduction
 Formulation of Aerosol
 Delivery Systems
- Metered Dose Inhalers
- Dry Powder Inhalers
 Applications of Aerosol
 Marketed Preparations
 References

3.
INTRODUCTION
• Aerosol or Pressurized package is defined as “A system that
depends on the power of a compressed gas or liquefied gas to
expel the contents from the container.”[1]
• Pharmaceutical Aerosol is defined as aerosol product
containing active ingredients dissolved , suspended or
emulsified in a propellant or a mixture of solvent or
propellant and intended for oral or topical administration.[1]

4.
Formulation of Aerosol
It consist of three essential components :-
1. Product concentrate
2. Propellant
3. Delivery System

5.
 Product concentrate :-
Active ingredient or mixture of active ingredients and other
necessary agents such as solvents, anti oxidants and surfactants.[1]
Aerodynamic Diameter :-
- the diameter of the spherical particle with a density of
1000 kg/m3 and the same settling velocity as the irregular particle.
- In many situations, while developing aerosols; we don’t need to
know the true size, shape factor, and density if we know its
aerodynamic diameter. [2]

6.
 Propellant :-
• Single or blend of various propellants is used.
• Blend of solvents is used to achieve desired solubility
characteristics.
• Various surfactants are mixed to give the proper HLB value for
emulsion system.
• The propellants are selected to give the desired vapor pressure,
solubility and particle size.

7.
• Pharmaceutical aerosol may be dispensed as fine mist, wet spray,
quick breaking foam, stable foam, semi solid etc.
Type of system selected depends on,
1. Physical, chemical and pharmacological properties of drug.
2. Site of application.[1]

8.
Delivery Systems
 Metered-Dose Inhalers
 Dry Powder Inhalers
Pharmaceutical aerosols including metered-dose inhalers
(MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are devices that
deliver a specific quantity of drug to the lungs. The particle
size distribution and shape of the delivered dose is more
critical for inhalation aerosols than for most other
conventional drug products because these factors greatly
influence the deposition profile in the lungs of the patient.
The optimum aerodynamic particle size distribution for most
inhalation aerosols has generally been recognized as being in
the range of 1-5 µm.

9.
Metered-Dose Inhalers :-

10.
A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a
specific amount of medication to the lungs, in the form of
a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-
administered by the patient via inhalation. It is the most
commonly used delivery system for
treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases. The
medication in a metered dose inhaler is most commonly
a bronchodilator, corticosteroid or a combination of both
for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Other
medications less commonly used.

11.
The MDI device consists of a canister, and actuator, and
sometimes a spacer. The canister itself consists of a
metering dose valve with an actuating stem. The
formulation resides within the canister and is made up
of the drug, a liquefied gas propellant, and often
stabilizing excipients. Actuation of the device releases a
single metered dose of liquid propellant that contains
the medication. The volatile propellant breaks up into
droplets which then evaporate, creating an aerosol
containing micronized drug that is inhaled into the
lungs.

12.
Dry Powder Inhalers :-
A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to
the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to
treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, COPD &
diabetes mellitus

13.
DPIs are an alternative to the aerosol-based inhalers commonly
called metered-dose inhaler (or MDI). The DPIs may require
some procedure to allow a measured dose of powder to be
ready for the patient to take. The medication is commonly held
either in a capsule for manual loading or a proprietary from
inside the inhaler. Once loaded or actuated, the operator puts
the mouthpiece of the inhaler into their mouth and takes a
sharp, deep inhalation holding their breath for 5–10 seconds.
The dose that can be delivered is typically less than a few tens
of milligrams in a single breath since larger powder doses may
lead to provocation of cough.[3][4]

14.
Applications of Aerosoles :-
Topical Aerosols :-
The use of topical aerosols applying the drug in a
convenient manner on affected area. The formulation can
be applied to the desired surface area without the use of the
fingertips like other types of topical preparations.
E.g
Convenient aerosol packages for use on the skin include
the anti-infective agents like povidone iodine, tolnaftate,
adrenocortical steroids like betamethasone dexamethasone
acetonide.

15.
Oral Aerosols :-
Aerosols are used to deliver the drugs to the oral cavity
generally administer the product sublingually. For example
sublingual nitroglycerin aerosol formulation is sprayed
under the tongue and it delivers 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin per
actuation depends on the valve used.

16.
Inhalation Aerosols/ Nasal Aerosols :-
Inhalation aerosols deliver the drug directly to the nasal
mucosa of nose. The most of nasal aerosols contain steroids,
which are used to treat sneezing, nasal congestion and
running nose along with hay fever, rhinitis and allergies.
E.G
beclomethasone dipropionate, dexamethasone sodium
phosphate.[5]

17.
Marketed Preparations
Brand Name Drug Use
Flovent Diskus Fluticasone Asthma
Advair Fluticasone &
Salmeterol
Asthma
Airobid Flunisolide Asthma
Qvar Beclomethasone Asthma
Proventil Albuterol Bronchospasm

18.
Brand Name Drug Use
Pulmicort Flexhaler Budesonide Asthma
Singulair Montelukast Asthma, Allergy
Accolate Zafirlukast Controlling symptoms of
Asthma
Zyflo Zileuton Prevent Asthma attack &
for long term
management of Asthma
Serevent Diskus Salmeterol COPD
Foradil Aerolizer Formoterol Asthma, Brochospasm,
COPD
Dulera Mometasone Asthma

19.
References
1. “ Leon Lachman, Herbert A. Lieberman . The Theory and
Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Indian edition, CBS
Publishing House 2009. 589 618.’’
2. Wikipedia
3. “ Mark Gibson. Pharmaceutical Preformulation and
Formulation, Indian edition, Interpharm/CRC ; 317,361,364 ”
4. www.horiba.com
5. www.pharmainfo.net

20.
References
6. www.slideshare.net
7. www.authorstream.com
8. N.K Jain. Pharmaceutical Product Development, CBS
Publishing House. 234, 338.
9. Michael E. Aulton’s. The Design & Manufacture of
Medicines, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Publications. 70, 97.
10. Herbert A. lieberman, Martin M. Rieger & Gilbert S.
Banker. Pharmaceutical Dosage forms : Dispense Systems
Vol -3, 2nd Edition. 495-498.

21.
References
11. Loyd V. Allen, Jr. Nicholar G.Popovich, Ansel’s Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms & Drug Delievery Systems, 8th Edition, Wolten
Kluwerer Publications, 434 - 435.

22.
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