Summary of biological control Science

2. Biological control is
a component of an
integrated pest
management strategy.
It is defined as the
reduction of pest
populations by natural
enemies and typically
involves an active
human role. Keep in
mind that all insect
species are also
suppressed by
naturally occurring
Thebehaviors and life cycles of natural enemies can be
relatively simple or extraordinarily complex, and not all
natural enemies of insects are beneficial to cropproduction.
This is frequently referred to as natural control. This guide
emphasizes the biological control of insects but biological
control of weeds and plant diseases is also included.

3. As usual,the growthis
fairyslow atfirst.Then,it
speedsupandreach
carrying capacity,a
maximumnumberof a
species, tobecomes
stabilize.
Biology
control
Natural selection
Human technology
Natural selection
Populationgrowthbecomes
balanced bylimiting factorsor
restrictthatlimit the numberof
populationssuch asavailablefood,
water,shelters,etc.
Also, pollutionandnatural
disastershasplayedrolesin
modifyingnumberofpopulation in
anarea.

4. Human intervention also takes a big part of population changes such as global warming
which is from the pollution causes by human, affects onmelting glacier andpolarbears’
population and deforestation decrease living space of animals.
Human technology

5. What Causes Population Growth?
In the 1800s, there was approximately one
billion people in the world. As of 2009, the world
population has reached nearly seven billion. This
increase in population growth is attributed to
factors that increase fertility and reduce death
Health Care
Advances in health care
technology and medicine allow
fewer individuals to die from injuries
and illnesses. Health care is so
effective that euthanasia and the
Hippocratic Oath are sometimes
debated.
Sanitation
Better sanitation has lead to fewer
diseases being spread through
water and contaminated surfaces.
Vaccines
Vaccines have lead to the elimination of many diseases such as
measles and tuberculosis. Measles and tuberculosis were once leading
causes of death.
Standard of Living and Fertility
Standard of living has a complicated effect on population
growth. Areas with low standards of living have high birth rates,
but also have high infant mortality rates. As the standard of living
increases, better medical care leads to lower infant mortality rates
and fertility medications increase a woman's chance for
pregnancy. But statistically, societies with high standards of living
tend to stabilize and eventually decline.

6. “Biological pest control”
Pestcontrolbyusing pesticidescan causes
pollutionandresistanceofpests whichdevelops
afterthe pestsescapefromthe deathandbecomes
strongerthanothers.The pestshaveimmune to
survivefromthesamepesticide.And it hasalarge
percentage oftheoffspringtobeabletowithstand
the pesticide.
“ How does it works? ”
Biologicalcontrolisamethodofcontrolling
pestusing otherliving organisms,relying
onpredation,parasitismor competitionrelationship,
buttypicallyalsoinvolves an activehuman
managementrole.Therearethreebasictypesof
biologicalpestcontrol;importation(sometimescalled
classical biological control),augmentationand
conservation.
Naturalenemies ofinsect pests,also knownas
biological controlagents,includepredators,parasitoids,
andpathogens.

7. How does it works?
Manyweedspecies survive fromyearto yearby
producingseeds.Fungi orinsects thatattackseedscan
reducethe numberofweed seeds storedin thesoil, which
in turncanreducethe sizeoffutureweed populations.
This lowersthe effortneededtocontrolthe remaining
emerging weeds.
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What is biological control of weeds?
Biological weed control involves using living organisms, such as insects, bacteria, or fungi, to reduce weed populations. In nature,
nature, plants are controlled biologically by naturally occurring organisms. Plants become pests - and are labeled "weeds" - when they
they run rampant because their natural enemies become ineffective or are nonexistent. The natural cycle may be interrupted when a
a plant is introduced into a new environment.

8. Advantages Disadvantages
Feed onthe target organism Ittakes risk in affecting theirtarget organism but theyhavea
riskto feed on beneficial organism because they prefer it over
pest, maketheprogram unaffective.
Leaving non-pest organisms undisturbed Theprocess is inexpensive oncethey are established, but
layinggroundworkmay becostly.
Inexpensivecompare to other control methods Long time
Requirelittle humaneffort, biological agents spread on their
own
not all pest can be controlled.
Beneficial animals and plants inan area areunaffected by this
method of control.
pest maybe so similar to a native orbeneficial plant or insect
that the risk of introducing the control agent outweighs any
benefits.
biological control does not eliminate the entire pest
population.