In this presentation, we will understand the concept of industrial psychology to contribute to the productivity, while also talking about roots and reason of certain behavior and behavioral patterns. To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html

1. INDTRODUCTION TO
INDTRODUCTION TO
INDUSTRIAL
INDUSTRIAL
PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS
PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS
BASIC CONCEPTS
BASIC CONCEPTS

2. It began as a branch of
psychology in December 1901,
when Dr. Walter Dill Scott in
the U.S.A spoke on the
possibilities of the application
of psychological principles to
the field of advertising

3. Industrial Psychology is the third or fourth of the
most popular branches of psychology in India.
It tries to understand the human problems
that have arisen as a result of tremendous
expansion of industry in the last few
decades

4. People are the essential ingredients in all
organizations.
Industrial psychology has the potentiality to
contribute to the productivity of industry and
business on one hand and achieving greater
effectiveness and fulfillment of working on hand
on the other

5. Psychology’s Roots
Prescientific Psychology
Empiricism
knowledge comes from experience via
the senses
science flourishes through observation
and experiment

6. Psychology’s Roots
Wilhelm Wundt
opened the first
psychology
laboratory at the
University of Leipzig
(c. 1879)

7. Psychology’s Roots
Functionalism
focused on how
behavioral
processes
function—how
they enable
organism to
adapt, survive,
and flourish

8. Definition and Nature of Industrial Psychology
It is defined as the study of man and his
behavior with the aid of scientific
methodology.

9. Definition and Nature of Industrial Psychology
The science of behavior (what we do) and
mental processes (sensations,
perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs,
and feelings)

10. Scope of Industrial Psychology
Scope of Industrial Psychology
Psychology is an extremely broad
field, encompassing many different
approaches to the study of mental
processes and behavior.
The Personnel Selection, Personnel development,
Human Engineering, Productivity Study,
Management, Accident prevention and safety
measures and Labor Relations are the scope of the
Industrial Psychology.

11. The omnipresent tendency to resist changes of any ort and
maintain a status quo has been a great hurdle in the acceptance
of industrial psychology by employees and managements all
over the world because practice of industrial psychology often
demands radical changes in the outlooks and attitudes of both
employees and the employers
Employers are also averse to changes because often
they are not sure about the efficacy of the new ideas
and are least inclined to take risks.

12. Industrial Psychology is the application of psychological
principles and facts to the behavior of the people at work in
industry and business.
One important thing of this psychological
principle is that basically they govern the
behavior of all the human beings in any
situation in life whether in school, home
or in business and industry

13. Causation of Behavior
The first principle of psychology is that all the activities of
human beings are not random but are always brought about by
some stimulating factors or conditions that make a person to
behave in a certain fashion. In industrial situations, many such
behaviors like absenteeism among workers, low figures of
production, or a poorly running sales department or industrial
tensions which often erupt in strikes or lockouts; are
investigated with a view to determining the underlying
stimulating conditions or causes or antecedent conditions

14. Causation of Behavior
By understanding the causation of behavior we can
predict, change or control their behavior or shape it in
a desirable direction. Industrial Psychology aims at
understanding the causation of events so that it may
help us to have a better control over the situation.

15. Individual differences both in physical and psychological
characteristics of the individuals from the very basis of
industrial psychology
The basic aspects in which individuals may vary broadly are:
Differences in Physical Characteristics

16. The basic aspects in which individuals may vary broadly are:
Differences in intelligence
Differences in Interest

17. The basic aspects in which individuals may vary broadly are:
Differences in Personality Characteristics

18. If all adults in the state of Colorado were given a general intelligence test,
the frequency distribution of the scores would resemble the following bell-
shaped curve.
The normal distribution has an important characteristic. The mean, median and
mode are the same score (a score of 100 in Example 6) because a normal
distribution, is symmetrical. The score with the highest frequency occurs in the
middle of the distribution and exactly half of the scores occur above the middle
and half of the scores occur below. Most of the scores occur around the middle
of the distribution or the mean. Very high and very low scores occur
infrequently and are therefore considered rare.

19. Learning has been defined in psychology a relatively
permanent change in behavior which occurs as a result
of experience or practice
The characteristic of learning are:
1.It is a change in behavior for better or worse. If there is no
change in behavior there is no learning.
2.Learning is the effect of experience or practice.
3.The change brought about by learning may
last for sometime and may not be
transitory as in the case of changes brought
about by fatigue or drugs

20. •Classical conditional learning
•Operant learning
•Discrimination learning
•Motor or skill learning
•Verbal learning
Learning is a key concept in psychology because
humans are constantly learning.

21. Perception plays an important role in our daily life and is a
complex phenomenon
What we see also depends on the frame of reference
in which we see it. People may again differ in the
rapidity with which they perceive

22. In many industries tasks the larger size of visual field
is a very crucial factor and obviously persons with a
narrow visual field are ill equipped for such jobs.
What you perceive or how you perceive is largely a
matter of learning or training, but often such
differences are inherent and difficult to improve by
training, beyond a certain limit

23. Attitude is a very important concept in psychology and
must be clearly understood by industrial psychologists
and students. Attitude may be best defined as learned
orientation or disposition towards favorable or
unfavorable manner.
It is often used to explain various form of industrial behavior

24. Opinion can be distinguished
from attitude in two ways- first,
an opinion is verbalized or
expressed in language or in
some other way while an
attitude may not be. Opinions
are a public affair, while
attitudes are private affairs.
Opinion is there for everyone
to see and infer

25. Prejudice is used to imply
negative or unfavorable attitude
towards a person or group of
persons. Even production of
company is influenced by
unfavorable attitude of the
workers. Changing and improving
the attitude is the part of an
industrial psychologist’s function
in industry

26. It is a basic psychological
concept . It may be
defined as a behavior
arising out of various
human needs and which
is directed towards
certain goals that may
bring satisfaction of the
need. There are primary,
general and acquired or
learned motives or social
motives.

27. An individual whose primary motives
fying
are not fully satisfied will strive hard tis an n.
a
to satisfy them. Frustration may be of s um atio
defined as state resulting from the ay in h ustr
w e
thwarting of the behavior that is t he reat of fr
s in t c ate
a
directed towards some goals. It is ier s th a st
r l
r
almost an inevitable experience of r ba goa n as
every living human being. An le s o ired now
t ac des is k
industrial psychologist must be able to bs e’s hat
O on w
pinpoint the sources of frustration in s
ing
his organization and suggest remedies be
to eliminate or reduce them. It may
bring down production, create
situations that may lead to strikes,
tensions.

28. Personality is the some total of all the physical and mental characteristics, capacities and
abilities of a person. It describes “what a person is”. Behavior on the other hand, is what
a person does. It is fairly flexible in individual. It is based on personality, but depends
generally on environment. The phenomenon can be described with a simple equation:
B = f (P,E) where B= behavior, f= function, P= personality and E=Environment.
r
Behavio

29. We generally start off our lives with roles
which are determined by providence and
not by any choice of ours. These roles are
imposed on us by our fate or providence
or what we call circumstances. Roles,
thus patterns behavior

30. A human group has been defined by
Hegrath as a system of roles and
social organization as a system of
human groups. The organizational
roles are primarily based on the tasks
to be performed at various levels and
functions within the organization and
form the formal organizational
structure.
Role performance is a continuous, dynamic process which
necessarily takes place in conjunction with performance of people
in the roles, and role relationship is vital for the work to be done.

31. In industries several small and large groups are
often at work in terms or department. Three such
group phenomena are:

32. An organization is a dynamic entity and the organizational structure
and environment develops through the interaction of individuals
performing various operating roles in work groups. It rests on three
elements namely the structure, process and attitude of people
Managerial Approaches
Effectiveness of an organization depends on the environment it has developed
and the quality of its people and the opportunity they get to utilize their talents.
The different approaches used are the Benevolent approach( It makes the
employer, or the boss to look after his employees and decide what is good or
bad for them and it is often described as authoritarian, autocratic and
paternalistic or coercive), the Human Relations approach( It aims at producing
maximum employee satisfaction and is based on a series of studies by industrial
psychologists) and The Human Resources approach( In this the subordinate is
all important).

33. One offshoot of concern for human factor in industry is the
concept of industrial morale. Both personal or social features
involved in mental condition which we call group morale or team
spirit or esprit de corps. It is a complex phenomenon resulting
from working of several factors
It is of utmost importance in industry because at every level it has
tremendous impact on the working of an organization. Industrial
psychologists are well-versed in the various styles and aspects of
leadership

34. India has a long tradition in industrial psychological
training and research. A section of Applied
Psychology within the department of Psychology in
Calcutta University was first established in 1993 and
some first papers on industrial psychology were read
at the Indian Science Congress held in Bombay in
1934. Nearly 380 papers have been published on the
subject between 19502 and 1970. Industry
psychology seems to be of the few sub-fields of
psychology managing the industries are increasing
felt with the terrific tempo of industrial growth in our
country in the last 2 or 3 decades.

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