5.oep100330 lte cell_planning_issue1.10

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LTE Cell Planning
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LTE Cell Planning

The general process includes information collection, pre-planning, detailed planning, and cell planning. In the cell planning, main concerns are frequency planning, TA planning, PCI planning, and PRACH planning.
LTE Cell Planning

There are several new frequency band options for LTE, some of which are available now or should be within the next few years. These include the 700MHz, AWS (Advanced Wireless Services) and 2.6GHz bands, as well as the re-use of existing GSM 900MHz and 1800MHz bands. In addition, due to poor harmonization, there are other spectrum bands available, including: 850MHz, 1500MHz, 1700MHz and 1900MHz.
LTE Cell Planning

Application scenario: Adapt to situations with integrated operator frequency resources and consecutive frequency bands. If the frequency point bandwidth is wide (>=10MHz), it can be used as the initial network construction mode of the urban or densely-populated urban areas. Basically satisfy the phase one capacity requirements. Use relatively narrow frequency point bandwidth (<=10MHz) to implement wide coverage of suburban and rural areas; thus reducing the initial network construction cost.
LTE Cell Planning

Application scenario:
Adapt to situations that the operator frequency resources are rich or frequency bands dispersed and bandwidth is narrow.
The system capacity is dependent on the bandwidth of single frequency point. If the bandwidth of frequency point is wide (>=5MHz), it can be used on initial network construction of dense or common urban. If the bandwidth of frequency point is narrow (<5MHz), it can be used on coverage of suburban and rural areas.
LTE Cell Planning

ICIC is a technology that mitigates inter-cell interference together with the scheduling and power control technologies. ICIC is applied at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. ICIC restricts highly interfering CEUs within the orthogonal bands at the edge of cells or schedules the CEUs in neighboring cells at different points of time. In this way, ICIC mitigates inter-cell interference, increases the CEU throughput, and improves the system coverage. This document provides the details on ICIC.
LTE Cell Planning

TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area (TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused by location changes in the LTE system.
TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the TAs in the TAI list, TA update won’t be triggered.
LTE Cell Planning

In the Los Angles, there are several independent density area that connected by the main road (like island) . The UE may go across the different area through this road.
LTE Cell Planning

In this scenario, users are average distributed in each area
LTE Cell Planning

A TA coverage should be proper setting according to the capability of EPC
When the suburban area and urban area are covered discontinuously, an independent TA is used for the suburban area.
LTE Cell Planning

PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell
LTE Cell Planning

Differences between a scrambling code and a PCI: The scrambling code ranges from 0 to 511 whereas the PCI ranges from 0 to 503. In addition, the protocols do not have specific requirements for scrambling code planning. Therefore, only the reuse distance needs to be ensured in scrambling code planning. For PCI planning, however, 3GPP protocols require that the value of PCI/3 should be 0, 1, or 2 in each eNB.
LTE Cell Planning

A CP is a copy of the end of an OFDM symbol to the start position of the symbol. Each CP generates a guard interval between two OFDM symbols.
LTE Cell Planning

The symbol energy that can be captured by the OFDM receiver depends on the CP length:
 If the CP is longer than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM receiver can capture all energy of the symbol.
 If the CP is shorter than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM receiver can capture only some energy of the symbol.
LTE Cell Planning

The random access procedure is used in various scenarios, including initial access, handover, or re-establishment. Like other 3GPP systems the random access procedure provides a method for contention and non-contention based access. The PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) includes RA (Random Access) preambles generated from ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequences.
There are five preamble formats defined which four of them are for FDD
LTE Cell Planning

Other preamble formats then Format 0 and Format 4 (TDD) are available only with the LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius feature.
LTE Cell Planning

c = speed of light (300000km/h)
LTE Cell Planning

* in fact, with the lowest configuration, where we assume maximum cell radius of 790m we assign only one value per cell. Further explanation on following slides.
LTE Cell Planning

PRACH configuration is defined by the following parameters
Root sequence, setting in the eNodeB
Ncs: Automatically setting based on the cell radius configuration
PRACHfrequency offset: Scheduled by eNodeB
High speed flag: Indicate whether the cell is for high speed
All the parameters all carried by Sib2
LTE Cell Planning

Calculations:
LTE Cell Planning
ZeroCorrZone
Ncs
Preamble Format
T_GT (ms)
Max Delay Spread [ms]
Max Cell Radius (according to T_GT) [km]
Max Cell Radius (according to Ncs) [km]
0
839
3
715.625
16.666
107.344
117.214
1
13
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
0.792
2
15
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
1.078
3
18
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
1.507
4
22
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
2.079
5
26
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
2.651
6
32
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
3.510
7
38
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
4.368
8
46
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
5.512
9
59
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
7.371
10
76
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
9.803
11
93
0
96.875
5.208
14.531
12.234
12
119
2
196.875
5.208
29.531
15.953
13
167
2
196.875
5.208
29.531
22.818
14
279
1
515.625
16.666
77.344
37.119
15
419
1
515.625
16.666
77.344
57.143

Here is an another example for the root sequence planning, suppose the cell radius is 10km
The Ncs value is determined by the cell radius. If the cell radius is 9.8 km, the Ncs value is 76
The value of 839/76 is rounded down to 11, that is, each index can generate 11 preamble sequences. In this case, six root sequence indexes are required to generate 64 preamble sequences.
The number of available root sequence indexes is 139 (0, 6, 12…828)
The available root sequence indexes are assigned to cells. The assignment principles are similar to those for PCIs.
LTE Cell Planning

Meaning: Indicates the ratio of UL subframes to DL subframes in a TDD cell. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.211.
GUI Value Range: SA0(SA0), SA1(SA1), SA2(SA2), SA3(SA3), SA4(SA4), SA5(SA5), SA6(SA6)
Unit: None
Actual Value Range: SA0, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6
LTE Cell Planning

5.oep100330 lte cell_planning_issue1.10

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