Tku-行動app開發管理實務-Android應用程式開發基礎

1. 行動APP開發管理實務
Android應用程式開發基礎
開發準備、基本控制項、Layout
尹君耀 Xavier Yin

2. Outline
 開發App的事前準備
 Project Structure
 基本控制項
 Intent
 Events
 Intent
 練習
 作業

3. 事前準備
 建立應用程式的基本資訊
– 決定開發版本
– 決定欲使用的Android設備
– 考量所需使用的硬體設備資訊
(AndroidManifest.xml)
 應用程式的需求分析與規劃
– 功能需求
– 介面
 應用程式的資源
– 文字或文案、顏色、尺寸、動畫、
圖片、畫面、樣式、音樂或影片、
檔案…等等。

4. 事前準備
 Android開發環境
– JDK
 Download JDK (or from Oracle)
 Installation and Environment Variable Settings
– JAVA_HOME
– PATH
– Installation result on cmd
– Android SDK and Studio
 Download Android SDK and Studio (or from Android Developer)
 Installation
– Launch the .exe file you just downloaded
– Follow the setup wizard

5. 事前準備
 撰寫應用程式
 測試和安裝
– Real Devices
– Emulator
 AVD
 Genymotion

6. Project Structure
 /app
– /src
 /main/java
– /your_package_name (ex: /com/tku/android -> com.tku.android)
 Java files
– AndroidManifest.xml
 /androidTest(For Android Test)
– /java/your_package_name
 Test cases
 /res
– /drawable
– /layout
– /values
 colors.xml, dimens.xml, strings.xml, styles.xml…etc.
 build.gradle

7. App Manifest
 Manifest file
– The manifest file presents essential information about your app to the
Android system, information the system must have before it can run
any of the app's code.
 Permission
– A basic Android application has no permissions associated with it by
default, meaning it cannot do anything that would adversely impact
the user experience or any data on the device.
– To make use of protected features of the device, you must include in
your AndroidManifest.xml one or more <uses-permission> tags
declaring the permissions that your application needs.

8. App Manifest

9. Resources
 系統資源
– android.R.anim – 系統動畫資源。
– android.R.color – 系統顏色狀態資源。
– android.R.dimen – 系統尺寸資源。
– android.R.drawable – 系統圖形與繪圖資源。
– android.R.layout – 系統畫面配置資源。
– android.R.menu – 系統選單資源。
– android.R.string – 系統文字資源。
– android.R.style – 系統樣式資源。
 一般資源
– strings.xml – 文字資源。
– colors.xml – 顏色資源。
– dimens.xml – 尺寸資源。
– arrays.xml – 陣列資源。
– styles.xml – 樣式資源。

10. Dimens
 DPI (Dots Per Inch)
– The quantity of pixels within a physical area of the screen; usually
referred to as dpi (dots per inch).

11. Dimens
 PX, DPI and DP(DIP)
– Icon size = 160px
 MDPI -> 160px/160dpi = 1 inch
 XHDPI -> 160px/320dpi = 0.5 inch
– Icon size = 160dp -> px = dp * (dpi / 160 )
 MDPI -> px = 160 * ( 160dpi / 160dpi ) , px = 160
 XHDPI -> px = 160 * ( 320dpi / 160dpi) , px = 320

12. Dimens
 Suggestions
– Because it's important that you design and implement your layouts for
multiple densities, the guidelines below and throught the
documentation refer to layout dimensions with dp measurements
instead of pixels.
– Similarly, you should prefer the sp (scale-independent pixel) to define
text sizes. The sp scale factor depends on a user setting and the system
scales the size the same as it does for dp.

13. 基本元件
 Activity
 Service
 BroadcastReceiver
 ContentProvider

14. 控制項
 View class
– This class represents the basic
building block for user interface
components.
 ViewGroup class
– The ViewGroup subclass is the base
class for layouts, which are invisible
containers that hold other Views (or
other ViewGroups) and define their
layout properties.

15. 控制項
 View class
– This class represents the basic
building block for user interface
components.
 ViewGroup class
– The ViewGroup subclass is the base
class for layouts, which are invisible
containers that hold other Views (or
other ViewGroups) and define their
layout properties.

16. TextView and EditText
 TextView
– Displays text to the user and
optionally allows them to edit
it.
 EditText
– EditText is a thin veneer over
TextView that configures itself
to be editable.

17. TextView and EditText
 TextView
– Displays text to the user and
optionally allows them to edit
it.
 EditText
– EditText is a thin veneer over
TextView that configures itself
to be editable.

18. LinearLayout
 android:orientation -
setOrientation(int)
– Should the layout be a column
or a row? Use "horizontal" for a
row, "vertical" for a column.
 android:gravity -
setGravity(int)
– Specifies how an object should
position its content, on both
the X and Y axes, within its own
bounds.

19. LinearLayout
 Practice
Horizontal Vertical & Horizontal

20. FrameLayout
 Practice

21. RelativeLayout
 android:layout_above, android:layout_below
– Positions the bottom edge of this view above or below the given anchor view ID.
 android:layout_alignParentBottom, android:layout_alignParentLeft,
android:layout_alignParentRight, android:layout_alignParentTop
– If true, makes the edge of this view match the edge you assign of the parent.
 android:layout_toLeftOf, android:layout_toRightOf
– Positions the right edge of this view to the left or right of the given anchor view
ID.
 android:layout_centerInParent
– If true, centers this child horizontally and vertically within its parent.

22. RelativeLayout
 Practice

23. Event Listeners
 Event Listeners
– An event listener is an interface in the View class that contains a single
callback method. These methods will be called by the Android
framework when the View to which the listener has been registered is
triggered by user interaction with the item in the UI.
– Included in the event listener interfaces are the following callback
methods:
 onClick()
 onTouch()
 onLongClick()
 onFocusChange()
 onKey()

24. Intent
 Android 中的 Intent 非常好用，整個
Android 的架構最大的特色可以說就建構
在 Intent 上，您可以利用類似 URL 的
Intent 啟動任何一個程式的任何一個畫面。

25. 練習
 請依照開發「App的事前準備」章節的步驟，討論並設計一個資料查詢App。
討論項目如下，並上台解說：
– App的需求(至少三種功能性需求與資料來源為何)
– App介面
– 資源
 系統資源
 一般資源
– 控制項與Layout
– 實作技術，範例如下：
 Volley與Gson – 使用目的為何？
 資料庫 – 在何種頁面應用？
 演算法 - 何種情境或設計中使用 ?

26. 作業
 請各組選擇以下的控制項的做為下週的簡報內容：
– TextView & EditView
– Button, ImageButton
– CheckBox & RadioButton
– ImageView & ScrollView
– ListView

27. 作業
 簡報需涵蓋下列內容：
– 各成員的分工
– App結果顯示(模擬器展示或簡報截圖)
– 各頁面的Layout說明
– 程式架構

28. Sample Code and Slides
 Slides
– http://www.slideshare.net/XavierYin/tkuappandroid-55623527
 Sample Code
– https://github.com/xavier0507/TKUInforTableSampleCode

29. References
 CodeData:
– http://www.codedata.com.tw/mobile/android-6-tutorial-1-4/
– http://www.codedata.com.tw/mobile/android-6-tutorial-2-1/
 Android developers:
– http://developer.android.com/design/index.html
 陳鍾誠的網站
– http://ccckmit.wikidot.com/ga:intentexample