Eip 1 report format-2019 for research project (1)

INDRASHIL UNIVERSITY
(A LIFE SCIENCES UNIVERSITY SUSTAINED EXECELLENCE WITH RELEVANCE)Rajpur, Kadi
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A PROJECTREPORT On
“Solar panel cleaning system”
Under subject
of
ENGINEERING INNOVATION PROJECT-I
B. TECH. Semester –IV
(Chemical and Biochemical Engineering)
Submitted by:
Sr. Name of students Enrollment no.
1 Khan MD Aamir 180110102003
2 Yadav Vikas 180110102012
3 Navnit Bhuriya 180110102001
4 Govind Rathva 180110102009
Impartial fulfilment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
Under the guidance of
Dr.Siddhant Patel
(Faculty guide)
Academic year (2019-2020)

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that work embodied in this entitled “Solar panel cleaning system” was carried out
by(YadavVikas) Enrollment No(180110102012) in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award
of degree of Bachelor in Technology in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering is an original work
carried out under my/our supervision and is to my satisfaction.
Date: 08/06/2020
Place: Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi.
Signature and Name of Guide Signature and Name of H.O.D.
Dr.Siddhant Patel Dr. A. P. Vyas
Assistant Professor, HOD, Chemical and Biochemical Dept,
Chemical Department,
IU,Rajpur,Kadi IU, Rajpur,Kadi

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our professors Dr. A. P. Vyas
and Dr.Siddhant Patel who gave us the golden opportunity to do this project, which also
helped us in doing a lot of research we came to know about so many things.
Secondly, we would also like to thank our teammates and friends and our parents too who
helped in our project.
We completed our project in limited time because of our teammates support.
We are making this project not only for marks but also increase knowledge.
Yours Sincerely
Vikas Yadav (180110102012)

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ABSTRACT
Solar energy is the most abundant source of renewable energy. Constant soling and wind storm
further reduce the efficiency. Therefore it is essential to have regular and proper cleaning of panel.
In most of the parts the cleaning is done manually. This type of cleaning is not uniform and it may
cause health issues to the workers. This can be solved by fully automated permanent setup solar
panel cleaning system with/without water. It uses soft yet powerful nylon brushes to clean the
panels and also has two squeegee on either sides of brush to wipe out water. The system can be
retrofitted directly on to the panels in solar power plant, commercial, residential sectors. In this
system, the water can be reused, vibration free, multiple row cleaning. The project intends to
increase the efficiency of solar panel by removing all kinds of dust particles. In future it can be
provided as a permanent cleaning robot at time of installation along with panel frame, dust
detection sensor, temperature sensor and camera surveillance, which is centrally connected.

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Contents
I. Certificate 2
II. Acknowledgement 3
II. Abstract 4
1. Chapter-1: Introduction and Background 6
1.1. Why need of energy 6
1.2. Energy Crisis 6
1.3. Limitation of fossil fuel 8
1.4. What is renewable energy 9
1.5. Recent market of solar panel 13
1.5.1. what is silicon cell 14
1.5.2. Types of solar panel 14
1.6. Why cleaning of solar panel 18
1.6.1. How we recognized Dust 19
1.6.2. Solar energy to Electrical energy generation 19
2. Chapter-2: RecentScenario 21
2.1. Recent Scenario Cleaning Panels 21
2.1.1. Water Jet Pressure 21
2.1.2. Soap & Water 21
2.1.3. Cleaning with wiper 21
3. Chapter-3: 3.1. Advance Method 22
3.1.1 Heliotex Method 22
3.1.2. Electrostatics Method 23
3.1.3. Robotics Method 24
4. Chapter-4: Problem Identification
(The comparison of simple method and advance method
cleaning of solar panels.)
25
5. Chapter-5: Summary, Future Work
(Nozzle pressure method)
26
Summary
Future Work
References 29

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Chapter – 1: Introduction
1.1 Why need of energy?
The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale
of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society
consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and
maintenance of society in almost all countries.
In particular, the energy industry comprises:
 the fossil fuel industries, which include petroleum industries ( oil companies, petroleum
refiners, fuel transport and end-user sales at gas stations) coal industries (extraction and
processing) and the natural gas industries (natural gas extraction, and coal gas manufacture,
as well as distribution and sales);
 the electrical power industry, including electricity generation, electric power distribution and
sales;
 the nuclear power industry;
 the renewable energy industry, comprising alternative energy and sustainable
energy companies, including those involved in hydroelectric power, wind power, and solar
power generation, and the manufacture, distribution and sale of alternative fuels; and,
 The traditional energy industry based on the collection and distribution of firewood, the use
of which, for cooking and heating, is particularly common in poorer countries.
The increased dependence during the 20th century on non-renewable fossil fuel and nuclear
power, means that the energy industry has frequently been an important contributor to pollution
and environmental impacts of the economy. Until recently, fossil fuels were the main source of
energy generation in most parts of the world, and are a major contributor to global
warming and pollution. As part of human adaptation to global warming, many economies are
investing in renewable and sustainable energy.
1.2 Energy crisis
The energy crisis is the concern that the world's demands on the limited natural resources
that are used to power industrial society are diminishing as the demand rises. These natural
resources are in limited supply. While they do occur naturally, it can take hundreds of thousands
of years to replenish the stores.
“An energy crisis is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy.
In literature, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in
particular those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in Industrial
development and population growth have led to a surge is the global demand for energy in recent
years.”

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The various reasonofenergy crisis
 Overconsumption
The energy crisis is a result of many different strains on our natural resources, not just one.
There is a strain on fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal due to overconsumption – which
then, in turn, can put a strain on our water and oxygen resources by causing pollution.
 Overpopulation
Another cause of the crisis has been a steady increase in the world’s population and its demands
for fuel and products. No matter what type of food or products you choose to use – from fair
trade and organic to those made from petroleum products in a sweatshop – not one of them is
made or transported without a significant drain on our energy resources.
 PoorInfrastructure
Aging infrastructure of power generating equipment is yet another reason for energy shortage.
Most of the energy-producing firms keep on using outdated equipment that restricts the
production of energy. It is the responsibility of utilities to keep on upgrading the infrastructure
and set a high standard of performance.
 Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
Renewable energy still remains unused is most of the countries. Most of the energy comes from
non-renewable sources like coal. It still remains the top choice to produce energy.
Unless we give renewable energy a serious thought, the problem of energy crisis cannot be
solved. Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and also helps to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
 Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants
In a few countries, there is a significant delay in the commissioning of new power plants that can
fill the gap between demand and supply of energy. The result is that old plants come under huge
stress to meet the daily demand for power. When supply doesn’t match demand, it results in load
shedding and breakdown.
 Wastage of Energy
In most parts of the world, people do not realize the importance of conserving energy. It is only
limited to books, the internet, newspaper ads, lip service, and seminars. Unless we give it a
serious thought, things are not going to change anytime sooner.
Simple things like switching off fans and lights when not in use, using maximum daylight,
walking instead of driving for short distances, using CFL instead of traditional bulbs, proper
insulation for leakage of energy can go a long way in saving energy.

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 PoorDistribution System
Frequent tripping and breakdown are a result of a poor distribution system.
 Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
Major accidents like pipeline burst and natural calamities like the eruption of volcanoes, floods,
earthquakes can also cause interruptions to energy supplies. The huge gap between supply and
demand for energy can raise the price of essential items which can give rise to inflation.
 Wars and Attacks
Wars between countries can also hamper the supply of energy especially if it happens in Middle
East countries like Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, UAE, or Qatar. That’s what happened
during the 1990 Gulf war when the price of oil reached its peak causing global shortages and
created major problems for energy consumers
 Miscellaneous Factors
Tax hikes, strikes, military coup, political events, severe hot summers or cold winters can cause a
sudden increase in demand for energy and can choke supply. A strike by unions in an oil-
producing firm can definitely cause an energy crisis.
1.3 Limitation of fossil fuel?
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried
dead organisms, containing organic molecules originating in ancient photosynthesis that release
energy in combustion.
The fossil fuel are less in earth crust using of fossil fuel regular use in huge amount so the source
remain less upcoming year
Fossil fuels are the major energy sources that are being used in the world today.
But the over-consumption can lead to serious environment issues such as air, water pollution.

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When fossil fuel burnt that can have serves consequences on their habitats.
They are non-renewable source of energy as they derived from very old fossil and won’t be
available once they are fully used.
They are harmful for the environmental hazards
They effect on the human health lead to server disease.
Its also impact the aquatic life by oils spill.
Mining of the coal.
1.4 What is Renewable Energy?
These are energy sources that are constantly being replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and
water. This means that we can use them as much as we want, and we do not have to worry about
them running out. Additionally, renewable energy sources are usually much more
environmentally friendly than fossil fuels. Overall, they release very few chemicals, like carbon
dioxide, that can harm the environment.
Currently, less than ten percent of all the energy we use comes from renewable sources. So, you
might be wondering, 'if renewable energy sources do not harm the environment and will not run
out, then why are we not using them everywhere and all the time?' It is because many of them are
currently expensive to harness, are inefficient, or have other disadvantages. For example, using
energy from the wind might be great in an area that is really windy all year-round, but it wouldn't
work so well in an area with very little wind
Types of Renewable Energy
 Solar Energy
 Wind Energy
 Biomass Energy
 Geothermal Energy
 Solar power Energy
Solarenergy:
Humans have been harnessing solar energy for thousands of years—to grow crops, stay warm,
and dry foods. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, “more energy from the
sun falls on the earth in one hour than is used by everyone in the world in one year.” Today, we
use the sun’s rays in many ways—to heat homes and businesses, to warm water, or power
devices Solar energy systems don’t produce air pollutants or greenhouse gases.

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Wind Energy:
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide the
mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other
work, like milling or pumping. Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a
much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
Drawback ofwind energy
 Wind fluctuates: Wind energy has a similar drawback to solar energy in that it is not
constant. Although the wind is sustainable and will never run out, wind speed does
change. This can cause serious problems for the efficiency of a wind turbine. Utility
companies invest a significant amount of time and money in researching which locations
are suitable for wind power.For a wind turbine to be efficient, it needs to have an
adequate supply of wind energy. For this reason, we often find wind turbines on top of
hills or out at sea. In these locations, there are fewer land obstacles to reduce the force of
the wind.
 Wind turbines: Although costs are reducing, wind turbines are still very expensive.
First, an engineer must carry out a site survey. This may involve having to erect a
research turbine to measure wind speeds over a period of time. If deemed adequate, a
wind turbine then needs to be purchased, transported and installed. All of these processes
contribute to the high cost of buying and installing wind turbines. When we take the
above into account for offshore wind farms, the costs become much greater. Installing
structures out at sea is far more complex than on land. Some companies have even
commissioned bespoke ships capable of transporting and installing wind turbines at sea.
 Wind turbines pose a threat to wildlife: We often hear that wind turbines pose
a threat to wildlife – primarily birds and bats. However, researchers now believe that
they pose less of a threat to wildlife than other manmade structures do. Installations such
as cell phone masts and radio towers are far more dangerous to birds than wind turbines.
Nevertheless, wind turbines still contribute to mortality rates among bird and bat
populations.
 Wind turbines are noisy: One of the main disadvantages of wind turbines is the
noise pollution they generate. You can sometimes hear them from hundreds of meters
away depending on the wind direction. Combine multiple wind turbines with the right
wind direction and the audible effects can be much greater. This issue is one of the
biggest impacts of wind energy .Noise pollution from wind turbines has ruined the lives
of many homeowners. Although steps are often taken to install them away from

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populated areas, they do sometimes get built too close to where people live. This is why
new wind farms often come up against strong public objection.
Biomass:Biomass is a term we use to describe the production of energy or fuel from organic
matter. The resulting ‘bioenergy’ or ‘biofuel’ can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels and is
considered to be far more environmentally friendly than traditional energy sources.
Drawback ofBiomass energy:
 Biomass fuels are mainly burned on inefficient open fires and traditional stoves.
 In many cases, the demand for biomass fuels far outweighs sustainable supply. This can
contribute to deforestation, land degradation and desertification.
 Unclean burning leads to emissions.
 Dwindling resources lead to an additional workload for women and children as they have to
spend more time searching for firewood. The fuel they find is often of a lower grade and thus
burns with more smoke and less heat.
 Every year, the smoke from open fires and traditional stoves - leading to Indoor Air Pollution
(IAP) - kills about 4.3 million people.[4] Thus, every 8 seconds, someone (mostly women and
children) is dying due to inefficient use of biomass fuel.
 Fuel wood is often collected on a daily basis and has no time to dry before use. This makes
the use less efficient as some heat is wasted to drive the moisture out of the wood. Moist fuel
results in more smoke.
GeothermalEnergy: Geothermal energy comes from the heat within the earth. The word
"geothermal" comes from the Greek words geo, meaning earth," and therme, meaning "heat."
People around the world use geothermal energy to produce electricity, to heat buildings and
greenhouses, and for other purposes.
The earth's core lies almost 4,000 miles beneath the earth's surface. The double-layered core is
made up of very hot molten iron surrounding a solid iron center. Estimates of the temperature of
the core range from 5,000 to 11,000 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Heat is continuously produced
within the earth by the slow decay of radioactive particles that is natural in all rocks.

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Surrounding the earth's core is the mantle, thought to be partly rock and partly magma. The
mantle is about 1,800 miles thick. The outermost layer of the earth, the insulating crust, is not
one continuous sheet of rock, like the shell of an egg, but is broken into pieces
called plates. These slabs of continents and ocean floor drift apart and push against each other at
the rate of about one inch per year in a process called continental drift.
Magma (molten rock) may come quite close to the surface where the crust has been thinned,
faulted, or fractured by plate tectonics. When this near-surface heat is transferred to water, a
usable form of geother- energy is created.
Geothermal energy is called a renewable energy source because the water is replenished by
rainfall, and the heat is continuously produced by the earth.
Drawback ofGeothermalEnergy:
 Environmental Issues:There is an abundance of greenhouse gases below the surface
of the earth, some of which mitigates towards the surface and into the atmosphere. These
emissions tend to be higher near geothermal power plants. Geothermal power plants are
associated with sulphur dioxide and silica emissions, and the reservoirs can contain traces
of toxic heavy metals including mercury, arsenic and boron.
 Surface Instability (Earthquakes): Construction of geothermal power plants can
affect the stability of land. In fact, geothermal power plants have lead to subsidence
 It cost very expensive: Commercial geothermal power projects are expensive.
 Sustainability Issues: Rainwater seeps through the earth’s surface and into the
geothermal reservoirs over thousands of years. Studies show that the reservoirs can be
depleted if the fluid is removed faster than replaced. Efforts can be made to inject fluid
back into the geothermal reservoir after the thermal energy has been utilized (the turbine
has generated electricity).
Geothermal power is sustainable if reservoirs are properly managed. This is not an issue for
residential geothermal heating and cooling, where geothermal energy is being used differently
than in geothermal power plants.
The bottom line is this: Geothermal energy is generally regarded as environmentally friendly,
sustainable and reliable. This makes geothermal energy a no-brainer in some places, but heavy
upfront costs stops us from realizing the full potential.

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How much influence geothermal power will have on our energy systems in the future depends on
technological advancements, energy prices and politics (subsidies). No one really knows what
the situation will look one or two decades down the line
Solar power energy: Solar power is a term that’s used to describe the conversion of
sunlight (solar energy) into electricity. The two main types of systems that are used to produce
solar power are; solar photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP).
Photovoltaic systems are commonly used on a domestic or commercial scale to provide a source
of power for a home or business through the use of solar panels. In contrast, a concentrated solar
power system can be used to generate solar electricity on an industrial scale by focusing a large
area of sunlight into a single beam which can then be used with conventional steam-driven
turbines in order to generate electricity.
Drawback of Solar Power:
 Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive: Solar energy has to be used right away, or it
can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be
charged during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is a good solution for
using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive. In most cases, it is smarter
to just use solar energy during the day and take energy from the grid during the night
(you can only do this if your system is connected to the grid). Luckily your energy
demand is usually higher during the day so you can meet most of it with solar energy
 Cost:The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. This includes paying for
solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring, and for the installation. Nevertheless, solar
technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices will go down in
the future
 Weather Dependent: Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and
rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on
sunlight to effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a
noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that solar
energy cannot be collected during the night. On the other hand, if you also require your
water heating solution to work at night or during wintertime, thermodynamic panels are
an alternative to consider.
1.5 Recent Market of Solar Panel

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Solar energy market outlook -2026, the global energy market was valued at $52.5 billion in
2018 and is projected to reach $223.3 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 20.5% from
2019 to 2026.
Solar energy is the radiant energy emitted from the sun, which is harnessed by using various
technologies such as solar heating photovoltaic cell and other. It is an efficient from of
unconventional energy and a convenient renewable solution towards growing greenhouse
emission and global warming.
The growth of the solar energy market is driven by increase in environmental pollution and
The demand of solar panel has increased in domestic and international market due energy
crisis; need of energy required to do work.
1.5.1Whatis siliconcell:
The basic component of a solar cell is pure silicon, which has been used as an electrical
component for decades. ... Currently, over 90% of the current solar cell market is based
on silicon. Pure crystalline silicon is a poor conductor of electricity as it is a semiconductor
material at its core.
There are three basic types of solar cell. Monocrystalline cells are cut from a silicon ingot
grown from a single large crystal of silicon whilst polycrystalline cells are cut from an ingot
made up of many smaller crystals. The third type is the amorphous or thin-film solar cell.
1.5.2Typesofpanel solarenergy:
1st Generation Solar Panels: Monocrystalline Solar Panels (Mono-SI)
This type of solar panels (made of monocrystalline silicon) is the purest one. You can easily
recognise them from the uniform dark look and the rounded edges. The silicon’s high purity
causes this type of solar panel has one of the highest efficiency rates, with the newest
ones reaching above 20%.
 Monocrystalline panels have a high power output, occupy less space, and last the
longest. Of course, that also means they are the most expensive of the bunch. Another
advantage to consider is that they tend to be slightly less affected by high temperatures
compared to polycrystalline panels

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 Polycrystalline Solar Panels (Poly-SI)
You can quickly distinguish these panels because this type of solar panels has squares, its angles
are not cut, and it has a blue, speckled look. They are made by melting raw silicon, which is
a faster and cheaper process than that used for monocrystalline panels.
This leads to a lower final price but also lower efficiency (around 15%), lower space efficiency,
and a shorter lifespan since they are affected by hot temperatures to a greater degree. However,
the differences between mono- and polycrystalline types of solar panels are not so significant and
the choice will strongly depend on your specific situation. The first option offers a slightly higher
space efficiency at a slightly higher price but power outputs are basically the same
2nd GenerationSolarPanels:These cells are different types of thin film solar cells and
are mainly used for photovoltaic power stations, integrated in buildings or smaller solar systems
 Thin-Film Solar Cells (TFSC)
If you are looking for a less expensive option, you might want to look into thin-film. Thin-film
solar panels are manufactured by placing one or more films of photovoltaic material (such as
silicon, cadmium or copper) onto a substrate. These types of solar panels are the easiest to
produce and economies of scale make them cheaper than the alternatives due to less material
being needed for its production

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They are also flexible—which opens a lot of opportunities for alternative applications—and is
less affected by high temperatures. The main issue is that they take up a lot of space, generally
making them unsuitable for residential installations. Moreover, they carry the shortest
warranties because their lifespan is shorter than the mono- and polycrystalline types of solar
panels. However, they can be a good option to choose among the different types of solar panels
where a lot of space is available
 Amorphous Silicon SolarCell (A-Si)
Have you ever used a solar powered pocket calculator? Yes? Then you have definitely seen
these types of solar panels before. The amorphous silicon solar cell is among the different
types of solar panels, the one that is used mainly in such pocket calculators. This type of
solar panel uses a triple layered technology, which is the best of the thin film variety.
Just to give a brief impression of what “thin” means, in this case, we’re talking about a
thickness of 1 micrometre (one millionth of a metre). With only 7% efficiency rate, these
cells are less effective than crystalline silicon ones—that have an efficiency rate of circa
18%—but the advantage is the fact that the A-Si-Cells are relatively low in cost

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3rd Generation Solar Panels: 3rd generation solar panels include a variety of thin
film technologies but most of them are still in the research or development phase. Some of them
generate electricity by using organic materials, others use inorganic substances (CdTe for
instance)
Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell (CdTe)
Among the collection of different types of solar panels, this photovoltaic technique
uses Cadmium Telluride, which enables the production of solar cells at relatively low cost and
thus a shorter payback time (less than a year). Of all solar energy technologies, this is the one
requiring the least amount of water for production. Keeping the short energy payback time in
mind, CdTe solar cells will keepyour carbon footprint as low as possible. The only
disadvantage of using Cadmium Telluride is its characteristic of being toxic, if ingested or
inhaled. In Europe especially, this is one of the greatest barriers to overcome, as many people are
very concerned about using the technology behind this type of solar panel.

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 Drawback siliconthin film are:
Silicon Cell Type Efficiency Key Advantages Key Disadvantages
Monocrystalline 15%-24% Most efficient, durable, proven,
aesthetically pleasing
Highest cost
Polycrystalline 12%-16% Lower cost, improving
efficiencies
Lower efficiency,
poorer aesthetics
Thin film 7%-13% Low cost, easy to make, best
aesthetics
Low efficiency, less
proven
1.6 Why cleaning of solar panel?
Solar panel cleaning system required because for solar power to be efficient elimination
of some environment effect is needed the major factor that reduce or impede the generation of
power for the PV panels are shadow snow, temperatures, dust dirt, birds dropping.

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1.6.1 How we recognized dust?
Accumulated dust on the surface of PV Panels can from many different sources, and can have a
big impact on electricity production the efficiency of the solar panel can be reduced by up to
50%in a dust environment, as this interferes with the amount of direct sunlight received to the
PV array. It’s was found from study that the accumulation dust on the surfaces of photovoltaic
solar panel can reduces the system efficiency by up 50%. So it very important to removed dust
from the solar cell with the help of wiper or clean water. We can also generate 15 to 20% more
energy by cleaning solar panels.

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1.6.2 Solar energy to Electrical energy Generation?
 Solarcell:semiconductor device that convert sunlight into direct current electricity
.commercially available solar cells are silicon based solar cells.
 Module:PV modules consist of PV cell circuit sealed in an environment protective
laminated & are the fundamental building block of PV system
 Solarpanels : its include one or more PV modules assembled as a pre-wired field install
able units
 Array: a PV array is the complete power generating unit consist of any number of PV
modules & panels.

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Chapter 2: Recent Scenario
2.1 Recent Scenario Cleaning Panels.
2.1.1 waterjet pressure cleaning solar panel with vinegar is also a recommended norm that
is widely in use but this is usually followed by a water jet spray to clean the entire panel surface
here again the nozzle pressure to clean the surface it cannot go above 35 bar as it may lead to
surface damage panel.
2.1.2 Soap& Waterthe most common method use now day to clean the panels this is most
effective way to clean the panel is with a hose and a bucket of soapy water essentially, in the
same manner we clean and wash car at home. Water and non – abrasive sponge to apply soap
water.
2.1.3 Cleaning with wiper: in this method the wiper used to clean the panels. As wiper
clean the surface along with circular path but the solar panel has a rectangular glass surface to be
cleaned so in order to cover the maximum area under the wiper cleaning system the arrangement
consisting two wiper each at the diagonally opposite end of the solar panel to use to clean the
panel.

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Chapter: 3 Advance method of cleaning solar panels
 Heliotex method
 Electrostaticsmethod
 Robotics cleaning solution
3.1.1 Heliotex method
Heliotex is an automatic cleaning system that washes and rinses solar panel surface. The
cleaning system can be programmed whenever it is necessary, depending on the environment.
 Drawback of Heliotex
 Expensive equipment such as the soap, hoses and pumps which are required.
Requires ready access to plenty of water.
Needs regular checking for the water and soap residue build up.
The soap may affect the environment of plants

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3.1.2 Electrostatics cleaning:
Electrostatics cleaning technology is named “harvesting electricity”. Electrostatics charge
material is used on a transparent plastics sheet or glass that cover the solar panels. Sensor
monitor dust level and activated the system into cleaning mode. The dust is shaken off the solar
panel when an electrically charged wave break over the surface material.
Drawback of Electrostatics cleaning:
 In this method required huge amount of Electricity
 The cost expensive to buy
 It not useful in large farm
 It not favourable in domestic purpose to do cleaning

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3.1.3 Robotic cleaning method:
System was designed for cleaning solar panels surface of the PV panels automatically to
maximize the output of the energy composed of a cleaning head and a drive system. The
cleaning head has two cylindrical brushes traveling upward and downward along the panel
surfaces edges by a pair of motorized trolleys to generate a clean PV panel.
Drawback of robotics method
 Medium initial cost
 Difficult to move from string to another
 A labour required to look after it
 Highly maintenance cost required

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Chapter: 4 Problem identification
Solar panels are pretty low-maintenance, so if you decide to go with a solar power system, you
should be able to reap the benefits without much upkeep. That said, however, nothing is fool
proof. Problems can develop, so if you ever notice anything amiss with the way your system is
functioning, you should act immediately before problems worsen.
Here are the most common problems affecting solar panels:
Delamination and internal corrosion
If moisture finds its way into the panel, it can cause internal corrosion. To avoid this issue,
ensure that your panels are keeping out air and water and that all the components of the solar
panel are laminated under vacuum pressure.
Electrical issues
Faulty wiring prevents your solar panels from performing well. Loose connections, corrosion,
and oxidation may interfere with electricity production. Unless you know what you are doing, or
perhaps you are a qualified electrician, don’t try to tamper with the wiring system on your own.
In fact, in some countries, if you are not a licensed electrician, tampering with solar panel wiring
is an offense. Contact a licensed electrician to have everything checked properly.
Micro-cracks
Micro-cracks are a common issue with solar panels and can compromise the effectiveness of
your system. These are tiny cracks on the panel and are hard to notice with your naked eyes. But
with time and significant weather changes, the cracks can grow. The cracks mostly occur due to
PV module production and thermal and seasonal conditions. They can also result from careless
handling during the shipping process. That is why it is important that you hire a trustworthy
professional to handle the shipping and installation with the utmost care.
Hot spots
Hot spots are among the most common issues with solar or PV systems. They can degrade the
function of your solar panels and even render them irreparable. Hot spots occur when panels get
too warm and overload. They are caused by several things, including the accumulation of dirt on
the panels. They can also be caused by badly soldered connections, which result in low
resistance in the part of the panel that generates power. This problem can lower the performance
and lifespan of the solar panels.
PID effect
PID stands for Potential Induced Degradation. It can occur due to the voltage difference between
the earthing and the solar panel. When this happens, the primary power circuit ends up producing

27
partial voltage discharge. PID effect may degrade the efficiency and performance of the panels
and lower their lifespan. Luckily, a solar professional can help to reverse or prevent the problem.
Birds
Those lovely little birdies tweeting overhead can wreak havoc on solar systems. They can nest
beneath the panels and keep the system from doing its job properly. Thus, if you notice birds
gathering on your roof, consider bird roofing solutions like spikes, mesh wire, and more.
Snail trails
Another common solar panel problem is known as “snail trail” contamination. The name here
comes from the brown lines that show up on your panels, giving the appearance that snails have
traversed the surface. Snail trails usually only manifest after a few years and are caused by
several factors, including defective silver paste (which is used in the manufacture of the panels).
This, in turn, causes moisture, which results in oxidation between the encapsulation material and
the silver paste. Also, snail trail contamination may result from microscopic cracks in the PV
system. The problem reduces the performance of the solar system and causes it to fail
prematurely.
Roof issues
The solar system should not affect the integrity of your roof. Conversely, it can serve as a nice
layer of protection for the roof materials below. However, in some cases, the installation can hurt
your roof in some way. Make sure that you inspect your roof from time to time, and call your PV
system installers if it seems to be compromised in any way.
Inverter problem
Solar panels use an inverter to convert direct current from the sun to alternative current that you
now use in your home. An inverter is like a box that is usually installed in the upper floor. Most
solar panels can last up to 20 years, but inverters aren’t quite that durable. Solar users report
having to change their inverters an average of every 10 to 15 years.
All in all, PV systems can make amazing workhorses, but they’re not perfect. Just like any other
apparatuses, they are vulnerable to manufacturing defects and wear and tear. The main thing is
that you are attuned to the function of your system and its output and that you report any changes
as soon as possible.
The problem arises cleaning of solar panel is some of follow old method. Like soap and water,
water jets and cleaning with wiper. These technique usually for cleaning solar panel. It easily
operated by self. It don’t required any labour but it drawback if it done carefully it may damage
the solar panels and effect the efficiency may decrease.
The advanced method of cleaning solar panel is very high costly. It not everyone can buy to
clean the panel.it very high technology involved in making such cleaning machine it uses in large
farm to cleaning more than 50 panels. Some of required labour to look after it. It drawback of
advance method of cleaning system it not useful for common houses solar panel to cleaning.

28
Chapter:5 Summary and Future Work
The cleaning of solar panel regularly does not take a lot of time. The reason to cleaning the solar
panels regularly. It improve efficiency, increase durability, the PV panels work more efficiently
give more electricity. As many method of cleaning solar panels we have seen in our projects.
We have seen advance method and simple method both their important for cleaning solar panel,
the cleaning solar panel through advance technology very costly it requires huge amount of
money spending. The some of these method need labour to look after the machine function to
running properly.
In simple method it not very handy to work for clean the surface of solar panel. In regular interval
of time cleaning may lead to damage the surface of PV panel like vinegar used to clean the panel,
soap and water, water quality matter cleaning of solar panel. Optimal water quality the guidelines
given by GSES water matter contain to 200ppm or less. Professional solar cleaning equipment will
include de-ionized water where particulate matter is less than 75ppm that prevents scale build- up
of any form.
We find nozzle method comfortable and very easy to operate machine cost effective also is helpful
cleaning solar panel.
Future Work:
We come across the two method of cleaning solar panel, (1) Jain spark method &
(2) Nozzle pressure method
We find nozzle pressure method cleaning solar panel it very comfortable and easy
to operate the machine, the costof installation is very less as compared advanced
method. It is very effective and useful cleaning the solar panel.

29
References
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
https://www.sciencedirect.com
https://www.researchgate.net.
https://www.nrel.gov
https://wikihow.com.

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