different parameters related to tyre & Wheel maintenance

1. Topic:
Wheel & Tyre –Service, Repair & Overhaul
Yash A. Lad
(1719MEAE30006)

2. Introduction : Tyre
Shape- ‘O’
ring Material –Rubber-
natural, synthetic,
fabric & Wire
Supports
vehicle weight
as well as
weight of
chassis
Provides good
traction by
holding road
surface properly
Takes up shocks
caused by road
unevenness

3. Introduction : Rim
Metal alloy which
holds tyre on it
Strong enough to
support vehicle load &
forces
It should be Low-weight to
keep un-sprung mass as low
as possible

4. Types of Tyres
Cross-ply
construction
Radial type
Tubeless Tyre
(4 Wheelers, Heavy
Duty Vehicles)
Tube Tyre
(Bicycles & 2 Wheelers)

5. Nomenclature of Tyres
General Tyres Industrial Tyres

6. Nomenclature of Tyres

7. Nomenclature For General Tyres
205 / 65 R 15 94 V
Tyre
width in
mm
Aspect
Ratio
Tyre
construction Rim
diameter
Load Index Speed Rating

8. Nomenclature For Industrial Tyres
AT 27 x 10 – 12 6Pr WING TL
All
Terrain
Overall
diameter in
Inch
Width
Inch
Rim
diameter
Inch
Ply
Rating
Pattern
Tubeless

9. Tyre Construction
Casing
(by resting of
rubber & cord
layers on a flat
drum)
Bead wires &
side drums are
placed
Steel wires &
treads are
placed after
shaping tyre
Uncured tyre
united by the
roller
Moulding(final
shape with
treads in one
object)
Trimming(remo
ve excess burrs
& unwanted
material)

10. Process flow diagram for tyre manufacturing

11. Tyre Tread Designs
Directional The wheel revolves in a
particular direction
An arrow on sidewall
indicates direction of
Forward Travel.
Asymmetric Dissimilar designs on
both the sides
Allows better grip on
flat out roads & also
while making turns
Symmetric
Similar continuous
design across the tread
on either sides of tyre
Normally non-
directional

12. Different Tyre Treads Design

13. Inspection & Maintenance(1)
Maintain tyre pressure
(as recommended by
manufacturer)
Do not overload the
vehicle as it will
transferred on wheel
Always check inflation pressure
when tyre is cold (cold tyre
indicates that tyre hasn’t been
driven more than 2 to 3 hours)
Higher & Lower tyre
pressure has
significant effect on
vehicle performance

14. Inspection & Maintenance(2)
Hidden Damage
Open side
circumference check
Cracked or damaged Wheel
(bolt holes, disc area & rim
area)

15. Effect of inflation on Tyre

16. Tread Wear Indicators

17. Cracked or Damaged Wheel

18. Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
• A system which monitors the real time air
pressure & reports the same to the driver
through indication light or gauge
Tyre Pressure
Monitoring System
• Sensors are used on each tyre , internally
or externally
• Shows under or over inflation condition for
individual tyres
Direct Type
• Air pressure monitors are based on the
wheel rotation sensors
• Doesn’t measure the physical pressure
Indirect Type

19. Tyre Rotation
To improve the
tyre life &
reduce uneven
tyre wear
Wear on each
tyre is different
due to position
& load
condition of the
vehicle
More load at the
front wheel drive
due to Braking
,Steering & other
forces
Tyre rotation
should be done
around 8000 kms
(value provided
by the
manufacturer)

20. Types of Tyre Rotation
Cross Pattern Type
(it can be performed on Front
or Rear Wheel Drives with 4
non-unidirectional tyres-it
interchanges from front to
rear and from rear to front)
Five Tyre Rotation Method
(insert the spare tyre in the
rear right position & place the
old rear right tyre to the spare
place)

21. Tyre Rotation Methods
Four tyre rotation method Five tyre rotation method

22. Wheel Balancing
Wheel
Balancing
Uniform mass
distribution
necessary for wheel
balancing
The vibration at
high speed in
vehicle or wheel
wobble is symptoms
of the wheel
unbalance
The method of
checking uneven
mass distribution
around the axis of
rotation of the wheel
is called wheel
balacing
Tyre can be balanced
through:
Static Balancing
Dynamic Balancing

23. Reasons of Wheel Imbalancing
Wheel Run-out
Radial Run-out
Lateral Run-out
Static Balance
Dynamic Balance

26. Wheel Bearing Maintenance
Procedure
Lift the
vehicle
Remove the
bearing hub
assembly
Remove the
seal hub
Clean &
check the
old bearings
Inspect the
bearings
Re-pack
grease into
bearing
Re-install the
bearings &
seal
Re-install
bearing hub
assembly

27. References
1) http://www.hugtheroads.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/types-of-tyre-
1024x313.png
2) http://www.salsonsautomotivetyres.com/gifs/tyre-manufacturing-process1.jpg
3) http://tyresonbroadway.co.za/images/services/correct-tyre-inflation.jpg
4) http://atmaindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/tread-wear-indi.jpg
5) http://www.diamondalloys.co.uk/sysimages/rszimages/prices-
img2_gl4_ba13_1.jpg
6) https://www.utires.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/tire-balancing-
methods.jpg
7) http://www.aa1car.com/library/wheel_runout1.jpg