More Related Content Similar to Software Frontloading and QA (20) More from Yasuharu Nishi (12) Software Frontloading and QA2. Profile
⢠Assistant professor:
â The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
⢠President:
â Association of Software Test Engineering, Japan - Nonprofit organization (ASTER)
⢠President:
â Japan Software Testing Qualifications Board (JSTQB)
⢠National delegate:
â ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7/WG26 Software testing (ISO/IEC(/IEEE) 29119, 33063, 20246)
⢠Founder:
â Japan Symposium on Software Testing (JaSST)
⢠Founder:
â Testing Engineersâ Forum (TEF: Japanese community on software testing)
⢠Judgement Panel Chair / member:
â Test Design Contest Japan, Test Design Competition Malaysia (TDC)
⢠Vice chair:
â Software Quality Committee of JUSE (SQiP)
⢠Vice chair:
â Society of Embedded Software Skill Acquisition for Managers and Engineers (SESSAME)
⢠Steering Committee Chair
â QA4AI Consortium
⢠Advisor:
â Software Testing Automation Research group (STAR)
© NISHI, Yasuharup.2
3. æ¬æ¥ã®æµã
⢠ã¯ããã«ïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠補é æ¥ã«ãããããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®èŠè«Š
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãç®æãã¹ã姿
⢠ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±éã®èãæ¹
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãŸãšãïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.3
5. ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠âDistribute or allocate (costs, effort, etc.) unevenly, with the greater
proportion at the beginning of the enterprise or process. â
â (Oxford Dictionary)
â ãåŸããããåã§ããã
⢠åŸãã®äœæ¥ãåã§ãããšäœãããããšããã
⢠ååé 身
â ã¯ã¿ãããšã³ã¿ãŒãã€ã³ã¡ã³ãæå±ã»2016幎çµæã®ããªãª
â ãç¬ã第äžäžä»£ã®ææ
â 代衚çãªãã¿ïŒãããã¿ããæ¹ã
⢠https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhCEOSVNSco
⢠ããŒãšãªãããã³ãïŒãååã«ããã¿ããããªã
â æ®å¿µãªãã挫æã§ã¯ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ããŠãããããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªã
⢠ååé 身ã®ãã¿ã¯ãã®æ§é ãç¬ãã«ããŠããççŒç¹ãç»æçã§ãã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.5
10. æ¬æ¥ã®æµã
⢠ã¯ããã«ïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠補é æ¥ã«ãããããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®èŠè«Š
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãç®æãã¹ã姿
⢠ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±éã®èãæ¹
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãŸãšãïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.10
11. æ代ã¯å€ãã£ã
⢠VUCA
â VolatileïŒããå€ããïŒ / UncertainïŒç¢ºä¿¡ãæãŠãªãïŒ
/ ComplexïŒè€éãªïŒ / AmbiguousïŒææ§ãªïŒ
â æ£è§£ãåãããªãäžçã«ãªã£ã
⢠ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£
â ã¹ã±ãŒã«ããããæ¹ãããæ£çŸ©ãªæ代ã«ãªã£ã
⢠ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã§ããããŒã«ããµãŒãã¹ãæè¡ãåžžèã«ãªã£ã
⢠ããžã¿ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ãã©ãŒã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒDXïŒ
â å€ãã®ãã®ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«åŠçãããããšãã§ããäžçã«ãªã£ã
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã¯ãšãŠãDXåãé
ããŠãã
⢠DXã§ããããŒã«ããµãŒãã¹ãæè¡ãåžžèã«ãªã£ã
⢠ããšã
â åççã«æèãçŽåŸæãéèŠãå
±æã倧äºã«ããäžä»£ãäžå¿ã®äžçã«ãªã£ã
⢠ã§ãããã£ãŠããšãäžä»£ç¹æã§ãããïŒ
© NISHI, Yasuharup.11
12. å€ãããªãçµç¹
⢠éçºéšéã¬ãã«ã®éå£
â èšå€§ãªæè¡çè² åµ
â æè¡ããžã¹ãã£ã¯ã¹ã®æ¬ åŠ
â 圢骞åã»å®ååããå質ãããžã¡ã³ã
â ååçã§ä»åŸçãªãšã³ãžãã¢
â äžžæãäœè³ª
⢠çµå¶ã¬ãã«ã®éå£
â 補åã®å€æ§æ§ or åèšããžãã¹
â ããã·ã§ã³ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«æ§
â ãéçºã®ããæ¹ããèãæã圹è·ã®äžåš
â æè³èœåã®æ¬ åŠ /ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãžã¬ã³ã
â äŒæ¥ã¬ãã«ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢éçºãšã®èå
© NISHI, Yasuharup.12
14. ã€ãããã®QAããã©ã€ãã¹ãæè¡ã®äŸ
⢠ãã¡ããšèãã
â é«éå®éšãã
⢠é次è¿
éãªãªãŒã¹
⢠ã«ããªã¢ãªãªãŒã¹/ABãã¹ã/ãã«ãŒã°ãªãŒã³ãããã€
⢠ã·ããã©ã€ãïŒãªãªãŒã¹åŸçŸå°èªåãã¹ãïŒ
â ã¿ããªã®ç¥æµãéãã
⢠ãã¢xxx/ã¢ãxxx/éçºææç©ã®å
񆑑
⢠èšç»ã²ãŒã /ããŒã³ããŠã³ãã£ãŒã/ãœãããŠã§ã¢ããã°ã
⢠ãã€ãªãŒããŒãã£ã³ã°
⢠æ¯ãè¿ã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.14
15. ã€ãããã®QAããã©ã€ãã¹ãæè¡ã®äŸ
⢠ãã¡ããšèãã
â è¯ãããšãç¹°ãè¿ã
⢠ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ãªã©
⢠ãµãŒãã¹æåã§ããŒã«ãææ³ãå«ãã è€ååãããã¯ãã©ã€ã³éçº
â æªãããšãé¿ãã
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±é
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãã©ããåæïŒäžå
·åã¢ãŒãåæïŒ
â æœè±¡åããŠæŽçããŠä¿¯ç°ããŠè³ã¿ããã¯ãªã¢ã«ããŠåççã«èããŠçŽåŸæãå
±æãã
⢠TDDïŒãã¹ãé§åéçºïŒ
⢠ãªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°
⢠åçš®ã¢ããªã³ã°/ãã¿ãŒã³/ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãã©ãã
⢠QAã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£/ã¬ãã¥ãŒã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£/ãã¹ãã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£
⢠çŽåŸæå
±æãããžã¡ã³ã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.15
20. ã€ãããã®QAãæã€ã¹ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«
⢠çŽåŸæã®å
±æããããžã¡ã³ããã
â ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯ã枬å®ãæé ã«ããå質ã®ä¿èšŒãæ ¹æºçã«ã§ããªã
â¢ çŽ æã¯ç©æ§ã枬å®ããã°ïŒç¢ºççã«ïŒå質ã寿åœã®ä¿èšŒãã§ãã
⢠äœæ¥å
容ãå®å
šã«èšè¿°ãããããã®ã¯ãæé ã®éè¡ã確èªããã°å質ãä¿èšŒã§ãã
â ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¯ç©¶æ¥µçã«ãã¡ãããšèããããšããäœæ¥ã«ãªãã®ã§ãäœæ¥å
容ã¯å®å
šã«ã¯èšè¿°ã§ããªã
â ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®QAã®æ¬è³ªã¯ããã¡ãããšèãããšçãçŽåŸããŠãããããšãä¿èšŒããããšã§ãã
⢠å質ã確ä¿ã§ããããšããã¹ãã§ç€ºãããšãã§ããããå
šãŠããã¹ãããã®ã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã
⢠ãã¡ãããšèãããšçãçŽåŸãããã®ã«äžå
·åãåºãã®ã§ããã°ã
ããã¯ãã®çµç¹ã®æè¡åã®éçã§ãããšè«ŠèŠ³ãã
ãã®äžå
·åãæºã«æè¡åãåäžãããã®ããšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã§ãã
â ãæ³å®å€ãæ³å®ã§ããããªããŠããããšãã»ããã®ã¯ãè«çççŸã«æ°ä»ããªã銬鹿ãã
ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ãç解ããŠããªãæç³»ããæºäžã®ç©ºè«ãæ¯ããããç§åŠè
ã®ã©ããã§ãã
⢠ãã¡ãããšèãããšçãçŽåŸãããããšãä¿èšŒããããã«ã3x5x3=45çš®é¡ã®ä¿èšŒåäœãçµã¿åããã
â ïŒåºå/å
¥å/ç°å¢ x å
容ã®ç解床 x æçµææç©/ãŠããã/å
¥åã»äžéææç©ïŒã®çµã¿åããã«ãªã
â ããã»ã¹ãã¡ããªã¯ã¹ã¯ãäœãå
容ç解床ãè¡šãéçŽææšã«éããªã
â å
šå¡ãçŽåŸæãå
±æããŠããçµç¹ã¯ããããã匷ãçµç¹ã§ãã
⢠QAã¯ãéçºãQAããããžã¡ã³ããã顧客ãçºæ³šçµç¹ãããŒãããŒãã
å
šå¡ãçŽåŸæãå
±æããŠãããæ
ãã§ãã
⢠ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºã®ååããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ã¯ãçŽåŸæãå
±æã§ããããã«ãã¶ã€ã³ãããŠãã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.20
25. æ¬æ¥ã®æµã
⢠ã¯ããã«ïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠補é æ¥ã«ãããããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®èŠè«Š
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãç®æãã¹ã姿
⢠ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±éã®èãæ¹
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãŸãšãïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.25
27. ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒ
⢠å®æ©/å®ç°å¢ãããäžæµã§åäœããç°å¢
⢠äžæµã«ãããæ€èšŒã®èšèš
â ãŸãäžæµããããžã¿ã«åããã
⢠Excelæ¹çŒçŽãããã¹ãããã¯ã¹ã ããã®Wordããã¯ãŒãã€ã³ãã®ä»æ§æžã¯ãããžã¿ã«åãã§ã¯ãªã
⢠ãããžã¿ã«åããšã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿åŠçãå¯èœã«ãªãããæ§é åãããæ
å ±ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšã§ãã
â QAã¯éçºæ
å ±ã®ããžã¿ã«åãæšé²ããŠããå¿
èŠããã
â 次ã«éçºå
šäœã§ãã©ãã§ã©ã®QA芳ç¹/ãã¹ã芳ç¹/æ€èšŒæ§è³ªãä¿èšŒãããã俯ç°ãã
⢠éçºãã¬ãã¥ãŒããã¹ããã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãã£ãåå·¥çšã§ã©ã®ãããªQA芳ç¹ãä¿èšŒãããã
ãã®ããã«ã©ã®ãããªQAå·¥çšãé
眮ãããããšãã£ããQAã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãããã¶ã€ã³ãã
â èªååã§ããæ€èšŒã¯ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒããŒã«ã§èªåæ€èšŒãè¡ã
⢠ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒããŒã«ã¯éå®ãããæ€èšŒæ§è³ªïŒQA芳ç¹/ãã¹ã芳ç¹ïŒããæ€èšŒããªã
â èªååã§ããªãæ€èšŒã¯ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹éçºç°å¢ãä»®æ³ç°å¢ã§æåæ€èšŒãè¡ã
⢠ãã¹ãèšèšã¯èªååã§ããªããã©ãã¹ãå®è¡ã¯èªååã§ããããšãã£ãããã«
å®å
šã«èªååã§ããªããŠãäžéšèªååã§ããã®ã§ããã°ããªãã¹ãèªååãã
⢠èªååããããããã«éçºããŠãããã°éçºã§ãããšãããã¯QAããéçºã«åŒ·ãæãããã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.27
28. ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®äŸ
⢠æ§ã
ãªå®çšäŸããã
â T-VECãPolyspaceãªã©ã®Matlab/Simulinkã«ãããåçš®æ€èšŒããŒã«
â TLA+ (Amazon)ãªã©ã®å皮圢åŒææ³ãããŒã«
â KMLïŒå·å£é 倮æ°@ã©ã€ããããã£ã¯ã¹ïŒã®ããã«ç¬èªã§ã¢ãã«åãè¡ã£ãŠããã
â QACãCoverityãªã©ã®åçš®éç解æããŒã«ãåºçŸ©ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã§ãã
â ïŒä»®æ³ç°å¢ã«ãããïŒãã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ã®èªåçæããèªåå®è¡ã¯
MBTïŒã¢ãã«ããŒã¹ãã¹ãïŒãKDTïŒããŒã¯ãŒãé§åãã¹ãïŒãšããŠæ®åããŠãã
⢠ãããããã¡ããšã§ããããã«ãªããšâŠ
â Sapienz/SapFix (Facebook)ã®ãããªèªåãã°æ€åº/èªåãã°ä¿®æ£æè¡
â GAFAM-BATHã®ãããªæ©æ¢°åŠç¿ã«ãããã°ã®å€ãããªã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ãªã³ã¡ã³ã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.28
30. Fully-automated VSTeP
⢠ãã¹ãæŠç¥ç«æ¡
â èªçµç¹ã®ã³ã³ããã¹ããææ¡ããã©ãŒã«ã¹ãå®ãã
éçºã®èªååãšãã¹ãã®èªååã®é²åºŠããã©ã³ã¹ã
æè³é¡ã人å¡ã¢ãµã€ã³ã察象ãããžã§ã¯ããå
±éåãªã©ããããžã¡ã³ããã
⢠ãäžåãããæ§ç¯ããSETçè·çš®ã«è
ã£ãããé
眮ããã®ãããœ
⢠ãã¹ãèŠæ±åæ
â ãã¹ã芳ç¹ã¢ãã«ã¯ãšã³ãžãã¢ã培åºçã«é ã䜿ã
â ã©ã®èŠ³ç¹çŸ€ãèªååããã©ã®èŠ³ç¹çŸ€ã¯æåã«çãã
èªååããããã«éçºåŽã«æãå
¥ããªããŠã¯ãªããªããšãã
ãªã©ã決ããå埩çã«æé·ããã
⢠ãã¹ãã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£èšèš
â ã³ã³ããããã¬ãŒã ã®èšèšã¯ãšã³ãžãã¢ã培åºçã«é ã䜿ã
â QAãã€ãã©ã€ã³ãçµã
⢠ãŸãã¯ãããéå®ããç²åºŠã现ããå°ãããèªååãããã
芳ç¹ããã¬ãŒã ã ãã䞊ã¹ãŠããªãã¹ãæ©ãåãããã«ãã
â ããã«åãããŠKDTã®äžåããCIç°å¢ãåŸã
ã«æŽåãã
⢠ãã¹ã詳现èšèš
â åãã¬ãŒã ã§çšãããã¹ãã¢ãã«ãéçºã®ä»æ§æžãèšèšæžãšçŽä»ãã
⢠å¿
èŠãªã¢ãã«ãç¡ããã°éçºåŽã«äœãããåãããã
â ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹ããã¹ãã§ãã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ãèªåçæãã
⢠ãã¹ãå®è£
ã»å®è¡
â ããŒã¯ãŒãé§åãã¹ããšããŠïŒèªåçæãããïŒãã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ã
èªåãã¹ãã¹ã¯ãªããã«èªåå€æãã
â æ§ç¯ããCIç°å¢ã§24æéèªåå®è¡ãè¡ã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.30
GUI æ©èœ ããŒã¿åäœç°å¢
ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãããã¯ãŒã¯
OS ããŒããŠã§ã¢
OSã®çš®é¡ OSã®ããŒãžã§ã³ IEã®ããŒãžã§ã³
é»åã¡ãŒã«
31. ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®æ³šæç¹
⢠QAã¯ããšã³ãžãã¢ãã§ãã£ãŠã管çå±ãã§ããããŒã«çŽ¹ä»å±ãã§ããªã
â äžçäžã§ææ°ã®æè¡ã調ã¹ã觊ããè©Šãã身ã«ã€ããããšãå¿
èŠã§ãã
⢠QiitaãSlackãGithubãšãã£ãã€ãããã®ç°å¢ã¯å¿
é ã§ãã
⢠QAã瀟å€ã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã«åå ããããã³ãŒããã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ããç 究æ©é¢ã«æåã§æ¯æŽãäŸé Œãããã
çµéšã®ããæèœãªäººããªãã¡ã©ã«æ¡çšããããšãã£ãæœçãéèŠã§ãã
⢠ããŒã«ãç°å¢ãæŽåãã人ã«ã¯è
ã£ãããé
眮ãã
â ã€ãããã¯SETããŒã ãšåŒã°ããé«ãæè¡ãšãµãŒãã³ãã·ãããèŠæ±ããã貎éãªè·çš®ãšãªã£ãŠãã
⢠ããããããæã®ç©ºãã人ãããçŸå Žã§äœ¿ããªã人ãã«æ
åœãããªã
⢠å
šç€Ÿäžæå°å
¥ãªã©ã¯ééã£ãŠãç®è«ãŸãªã
â ã³ã³ããã¹ãããã¡ããšææ¡ãããã©ãŒã«ã¹ã決ããŠåãçµã
⢠æ¢ã«èå³ãæã£ãŠãããé«ãæè¡ãæã£ããéçºé£æ床ã®äœããäœè£ã®ããã
åãã§ååããŠããããæåããããªããŒã ãšäžç·ã«å
±åµããŠããŸãæåäºäŸãã€ãã
⢠ããŒã«ãç°å¢ãå°å
¥ããããšãç®çã§ã¯ãªããåé¡è§£æ±ºã®äžæµåãç®çã§ãããšèã«éãã
â èªåãã¡ã®åé¡ã¯äœããæ確ã«çããããªãéããéç«ã¡ããŠãããžã¿ã«åã«ããåé¡è§£æ±ºã¯ã§ããªã
⢠åé¡ç¹ããã¡ããšææ¡ããŠãããããããç¬èªã§ããããå¿
èŠãªåã ãã¢ãã«åãè¡ããšããéžæè¢ãã¢ãªã«ãªã
â ã³ã¹ãããŠã³ãšçŽæççž®ãç®æšã«èšå®ãããšããŸãééããªã倱æãã
⢠åé¡è§£æ±ºèœåã®åäžããéçºããããã¹ã姿ãã«è¿ã¥ããããšãã¹ããŒãã¢ããããªã©ã倧ããªç®æšã«ããã®ããã
⢠è
°ãæ®ããããã®ããã«ç±æãæã£ãŠçµå¶ãåšå²ãå·»ã蟌ã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.31
32. æ¬æ¥ã®æµã
⢠ã¯ããã«ïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠補é æ¥ã«ãããããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®èŠè«Š
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãç®æãã¹ã姿
⢠ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±éã®èãæ¹
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãŸãšãïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.32
34. ãã°åæã«ã¯å€§ããåããŠ2ã€ãã
⢠ãã¯ãåæïŒãã°ã®åŸååæïŒ
â ç®ç
⢠çµç¹å
šäœãšããŠã©ã®ããŒã ã«ã©ããªãã°ãå€ããããææ¡ãã
⢠ãããã¯ãã®ã©ã®éšåã«ã©ããªãã°ãå€ããããææ¡ãã
⢠工çšã®ã©ãã§ã©ããªãã°ãå
¥ãããããããææ¡ãã
â 代衚çãªæè¡
⢠ãã©ãŒã«ããããŒã³æè¡
⢠ODCïŒçŽäº€æ¬ é¥åæïŒ
â åé¡ç¹
⢠æœçã倧å³ã«ãªããã¡ã§ããã°ãšæœçãçµã³ã€ãããå¹æãã§ã«ããåŸåããã
â åºæ¬çã«ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®æè¡ã§ã¯ãªã
⢠ãã°ã®äžèº«ãéçºã®äžèº«ããã¡ããšèŠãç¿æ
£ã倱ãããåŸåããã
â ãQAã¯æéããªããã¯èšãèš³ã§ãã
⢠åŸåãšããåã®æ°å€ãäžäººæ©ãããåŸåããã
â 管çå³ã®çµ±èšçæå³ãåãããã«æãç·ã°ã©ããæããŠããã管çå³ããšãèšãåºããããã
⢠ãã»ã©æ³šæããŠå®æœããªããšã圢骞åãšå®ååã®æž©åºã«ãªã
â ãã¯ãåæããã®éæ¥æœçïŒããã»ã¹ã決ãã/å€ããããã®ç®æšã¡ããªã¯ã¹ãéæããïŒã¯ææªã§ãã
⢠ãã¯ãåæïŒãã°ã®ãã¿ãŒã³åïŒ
© NISHI, Yasuharup.34
35. ãã°åæã«ã¯å€§ããåããŠ2ã€ãã
⢠ãã¯ãåæïŒãã°ã®åŸååæïŒ
⢠ãã¯ãåæïŒãã°ã®ãã¿ãŒã³åïŒ
â ç®ç
⢠ãã°ããããã¯ãã°ã®åå ããã¿ãŒã³åããŠæ°Žå¹³å±éããåçºé²æ¢ã»æªç¶é²æ¢ãè¡ã
â¢ æ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒRCA: Root Cause AnalysisïŒããªããªãåæãšããŠè¡ããã
â 代衚çãªæè¡
⢠ããŒã¯ãŒãåæ
⢠æ©èœåæ
⢠çŸè±¡åæ
⢠éçºè
å±æ§åæ
⢠ããã»ã¹åæ
⢠æ§é åæ
⢠ïŒæ¬§ç±³åïŒFMEAãšåŒã°ããäžçŸ€ã®äœã
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãã©ããåæïŒäžå
·åã¢ãŒãåæïŒ
â åé¡ç¹
⢠ããããæ°Žå¹³å±éãåçºé²æ¢ã»æªç¶é²æ¢ãšããçšèªã®ç解ãææ§ã§ãã
⢠æè¡ïŒãã¿ãŒã³ã®æœåºæ¹æ³ïŒã«ãã£ãŠã¯åºæ¥ã®æªããã¯ãåæã«ãªã
⢠ãã»ã©æ³šæããŠå®æœããªããšãåãäžãã«ãªã圢骞åã®æž©åºã«ãªã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.35
36. ãã°ã®ãã¿ãŒã³åã®ïŒçŸå Žã§äœ¿ãããŠããïŒææ³
⢠ããŒã¯ãŒãåæ
â 容æã ã粟床ã¯äœã
⢠äŸïŒ ãæ¥æ¬¡å¹³åå€ç®åºæ©èœãã«å¯Ÿãã
é¡äŒŒã®ããŒã¯ãŒããå«ãä»æ§ãæ©èœã«ãã°ãå€ããšæšæž¬ããææ³
⢠æ©èœåæ
â 容æã ã粟床ã¯äœã
⢠äŸïŒ ãæ¥æ¬¡å¹³åå€ç®åºæ©èœãã«å¯Ÿããæ©èœããªãŒã®ãã¡è¿ãæ©èœã«ãã°ãå€ããšæšæž¬ããææ³
⢠çŸè±¡åæ
â 容æã ã粟床ã¯äœã
⢠äŸïŒ ãæ¥æ¬¡å¹³åå€ç®åºæ©èœããããŠã³ãããšãããšãããŠã³ãããã°ãéããŠãã¿ãŒã³åããææ³
⢠éåžžã¯æå³ãããã¿ãŒã³ã¯æœåºã§ããªã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.36
37. ãã°ã®ãã¿ãŒã³åã®ïŒçŸå Žã§äœ¿ãããŠããïŒææ³
⢠éçºè
å±æ§åæ
â 容æã ã粟床ã¯äœããããã£ãŠã¯ãããªã
⢠éçºè
ã®äœèª¿ãå¿çç¶æ
ãçµæŽãåºèº«ã«çç®ããææ³
⢠å人æ»æã«ãªã£ãã人äºè©äŸ¡ã«ã€ãªããã®ã§ã
äžé·æçã«æªãã®æ
å ±ãé èœãããã®ã§å質ã¯äžãã£ãŠããå®ååããŠãã
⢠ããã»ã¹åæ
â 容æã ã粟床ã¯äœã
⢠ãïœãèªãã§ãªãããïœãç¥ããªãããïœã«åŸããªãããïœã確èªããªãã
ã誀ã£ãïœãèªãã ããïœã誀ã£ãŠè§£éãããã®ããã«åæããææ³
⢠æ§é åæ
â ããããé£ããã粟床ã¯ããããé«ã
⢠äŸïŒ ãæ¥æ¬¡å¹³åå€ç®åºæ©èœããã¹ã¿ãã¯ãçšããŠãããšãããšã
ã¹ã¿ãã¯ãé¡äŒŒããæ§é ãçšããŠããèšèšéšäœã«ãã°ãå€ããšæšæž¬ããææ³
⢠äŸïŒ ãæ¥æ¬¡å¹³åå€ç®åºæ©èœããã¹ã¿ãã¯ãªãŒããŒãããŒãèµ·ããããšãããšã
ã¹ã¿ãã¯ãªã©ãªãŒããŒãããŒãèµ·ããããæ§é ãçšããŠããèšèšéšäœã«ãã°ãå€ããšæšæž¬ããææ³
© NISHI, Yasuharup.37
38. ãã°ã®ãã¿ãŒã³åã®ïŒçŸå Žã§äœ¿ãããŠããïŒææ³
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢FMEAãšåŒã°ããäžçŸ€ã®äœã
â æ
éã¢ãŒããæ©èœãçŸè±¡ã®æœè±¡æŠå¿µã ãšæãããšã粟床ãäœããªã£ãŠããŸã
⢠欧米åã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®åã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããã®æ©èœäžåäœïŒæŒç®ééããé
延ãªã©ïŒã
æ
éã¢ãŒããšæãããããå
éšçãªçŸè±¡åæã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
⢠å
¬è¡šãããŠããäºäŸAã¯ãå
éšåŠç x èœå x çŸè±¡ã®3ã€çµã«çç®ããããã
å
éšçãªæ©èœåæãçŸè±¡åæã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
⢠å
¬è¡šãããŠããäºäŸBã¯ãããŒã¿éã®æ§é ã®èæ
®äžè¶³ãªã©ã«çç®ããŠãã
⢠å
¬è¡šãããŠããäºäŸCã¯ãç¬ææã®ç°åžžãä»åäœäžã®ç§»åãªã©ãçºçæ¡ä»¶ã«çç®ããŠãã
â æ®å¿µãªãããå€ãã®æžç±ãè«æãçºè¡šè³æã¯ããŸãæçã§ãªãããšãå€ã
⢠ããããæ
éã¢ãŒãã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®QCãä¿¡é Œæ§å·¥åŠã§ãè°è«ãåãããæŠå¿µã§ãã
â é»åçŽ æã®ããã«åºææè¡çã«ç¢ºç«ããŠãããããåéãããããã
⢠粟床ãã䜿ã£ãŠããããŒããŠã§ã¢çµç¹ã§ã¯ã
æ
éã¢ãŒãã¯èšèšããŠããŠãã®ãã®ã®ãããå€éšã«å
¬è¡šããè³æã«ã¯æ²èŒãããªã
â ã ããDRBFMããœãããŠã§ã¢å±ãèªããšå€åç¹è§£æã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
â èè
ã¯ãã°ã®ãã¿ãŒã³åãã§ããªãã®ãããããªããã
ã§ãããã©æçãªãã¿ãŒã³ãå€éšã«å
¬è¡šã§ããªããããããªããâŠ
© NISHI, Yasuharup.38
44. ãã©ããã®äŸ
⢠å®éã«å瀟ã§æœåºããããã©ããã®äŸïŒç¹å®ã§ããªãããã«äžéšæ¹å€ããŠãããšããããããŸãïŒ
â äŸå€
⢠åŸããè¿œå ãããäŸå€çãªä»æ§ã¯ãèšèšæŒããåŒãèµ·ããããã
⢠è€æ°ãã察ãšãªã£ãŠããæ¡ä»¶ã®äž¡æ¹ã«å¿
èŠãªæ£åžžåŠçã¯èšèšã§ãããã
ç¹å®ã®å¯Ÿã®çæ¹ã®æ¡ä»¶ã ãäŸå€çã«å¿
èŠãšãªãæºæ£åžžåŠçãæããŠããŸã£ã
â ãããã®æ°Žäœã®äºäŸ
â 浊島倪é
⢠å²ã蟌ã¿å
ããåž°ã£ãŠããããå²ã蟌ã¿å
ã®ç¶æ
ãå€ãã£ãŠãã
â ãªãŒããã©ãŒã«ã¹ã®äºäŸ
â å±±ç»ãè¹é
⢠æ瀺åŽã«æ瀺ãåºããã«ã被æ瀺åŽã«çŽæ¥æ瀺ãåºããšãæ瀺åŽãšè¢«æ瀺åŽã®ç¶æ
ãé£ãéã
â ã³ã³ãã¬ããµãŒã®ç·æ¥åæ¢ã®äºäŸ
â GCããã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ããGCãªãã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãžã®ããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®äºäŸ
© NISHI, Yasuharup.44
53. ãã°åæäŒè°/RCAããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®éå¶
⢠ãããã°åæäŒè°
â ãçŽåŸæãã®ãå
±æãã軞ã«ããŠãã°ã®åæãè¡ã
⢠èªåã§ãåŒã£ããã£ãŠããŸããšçŽåŸã§ãããã©ãããæ¢ã
⢠é©åãªãã¿ãŒã³åãã§ããç¬éã¯ãåæäŒè°ã®åå è
ã
ãããŒãã®ãã©ããã«ã¯ã¿ããªåŒã£ããããããŒããšçŽåŸããçãå
±æããããã«ãªã
â éçºè
ãžã®æ¬æãåé¢ã«åºã
⢠æªãã®ã¯ãã©ããã§ãã£ãŠéçºè
ã§ã¯ãªãããšãã姿å¢ã厩ããªã
â ãã¹ãã«ã®é«ãããªã㧠âããâ ãã®ãã©ããã«åŒã£ããããã§ããããè¥ãé£äžãªããŠãªãã®ããšâŠã
â ã ãããã©ããåæã§ã¯ãã©ãããšããŒã¹ã¿ãŒãæ確ã«åºå¥ããŠãã
⢠ãã°ãäœã蟌ãã 人ãšããæ±ãã§ã¯ãªãã
ãã©ããã®æ
å ±ãæäŸããŠããã人ãšããŠå°æ¬ãåé¢ã«åºããšã
ååãã®äŒè°ã«ãªã£ãŠå
±æãããããªã
â å¹çãæ±ããŠã¯ãããªã
⢠åæã«æéããããã®ã¯ã¹ãã«ãäœãããã ãã
æéããããŠããåæãããªãéãã¹ãã«ã¯åäžããªã
⢠éäžã§ã¿ããªçŸå Žã«æ»ããããªã£ãŠåæã®è³ªãèœã¡ããšãããã°ããšææ
¢ããŠããã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.53
56. ãã°åæã®ã¢ã³ããã¿ãŒã³ãšå¹æã®èã察ç
⢠VaporizationïŒãã®å Žéãã®ç°¡åãªãã¹ãšããŠçä»ããŠããŸãïŒ
â ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ïŒ ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¹ãã«ãåäžããããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªæè²ãè¡ã
â èæ
®äžè¶³ïŒ ãã£ããèæ
®ãããã©ããã¬ãã¥ãŒæéãå¢ãã確èªãã
â ãã£ãããã¹ïŒ ãã£ããããŠããªããã©ããã¬ãã¥ãŒæéãå¢ãã確èªãã
⢠ExhaustionïŒäžå®å
šãªå®æœãåãªãäžè¶³ãåå ãšããŠããŸãïŒ
â ãã£ãããããªãïŒ ãã£ãããã£ããã©ããã¬ãã¥ãŒæéãå¢ãã確èªãã
â ã¹ãã«äžè¶³ïŒ ã¹ãã«ãåäžãããããæè²ãè¡ã
â çµéšäžè¶³ïŒ çµéšãè£ãããã«ã¹ãã«ãåäžãããããæè²ãè¡ã
⢠EscalationïŒäžäœå±€ã«è²¬ä»»ã転å«ããŠããŸãïŒ
â ãããžã¡ã³ãã®è²¬ä»»ïŒ ããããå«ããå質æåãéžæãã
⢠ImpositionïŒå€éšçµç¹ã«è²¬ä»»ã転å«ããŠããŸãïŒ
â ããŒãããŒäŒæ¥ã®è²¬ä»»ïŒ ããŒãããŒäŒæ¥ãå«ããå質æåãéžæãã
⢠CulturalizationïŒæåçåé¡ã«åž°çããŠããŸãïŒ
â å質æèïŒå質æåã®æ¬ åŠïŒ å
šç€Ÿçãªå質æåãéžæãã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.56
57. æ¬æ¥ã®æµã
⢠ã¯ããã«ïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠補é æ¥ã«ãããããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®èŠè«Š
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãç®æãã¹ã姿
⢠ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±éã®èãæ¹
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãŸãšãïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.57
58. ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®æ¹å
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®æ¹åã¯ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®è¡ãå
ã®äžã€ã§ãã
â ãŸãäŒè°è¡ã®æ¹åãšãã¬ãã¥ãŒåºæã®æè¡ã®æ¹åã«åãã
⢠äŒè°è¡ã®æ¹åïŒã¢ãã¬ãŒã¿ã眮ããŸããããäŒè°å®€ã確ä¿ããŸãããã話ãèããŸãããâŠ
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒåºæã®æè¡ã®æ¹åïŒã¬ãã¥ãŒèŠ³ç¹ã®æŽçãã¬ãã¥ãŒã±ãŒã¹ã®äœæãã¬ãã¥ãŒã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£
â èªåãã¡ã®éçºã®ã¬ãã«ããã¡ããšææ¡ããŠã¬ãã¥ãŒã®æ¹åãè¡ã
⢠äŒè°è¡ã®æ¹åã§å¹æãåºãã¬ãã«
â äžåžã«å¿åºŠããŠé°å²æ°ãæªããæºåããŠããŠãªãã®ã§ã ããªæéã ããããªã©
⢠äžè²«æ§ããã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ããã§ãã¯ããã ãã§å¹æãåºãã¬ãã«
â ãïœãæã£ãŠãããïŒããïœãã©ãããæ¥ãŠããããæ確ã«ãªã£ãŠãããïŒããªã©
⢠èšèªäžã®ç¹æ§ãèæ
®ããã ãã§å¹æãåºãã¬ãã«
â ããã®æç« ã¯ä»ã®æå³ã«ãåããããïŒãããã®ä»£åè©ã¯ã©ã¡ããæãã®ïŒããªã©
⢠éçºè
ã®æèã®ããžãã¯ãã¬ãŒã¹ãšæå·®ã確èªã§å¹æãåºãã¬ãã«
â ãïœãæžãããŠãããïŒããïœãèæ
®ãããŠãããïŒããªã©
⢠æªãã®ç¥èãæ°Žå¹³å±éããŠïŒæšæž¬å¯èœã§ããã«ãé¢ãããïŒæãã¬ãã°ãèŠã€ãããã¬ãã«
â ãä»æ§æžã«ãããããã©ããããããã©ãã©ãã§ã©ãæ°ãã€ããïŒããªã©
© NISHI, Yasuharup.58
63. ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®ïŒå¯æ¬¡çïŒåœ¹å²
⢠確èªã®åœ¹å²
â ä»æ§ãšã®äžèŽ
â æšæºãšã®äžèŽ
â æå³ãã圹å²ïŒé¡§å®¢æºè¶³ïŒïŒ
⢠ææã®åœ¹å²
â äžå
·åã®ææ
â 匱ç¹ã®ææ
â èšèšèæ
®äºé
ã®ææ
â ãªã¹ã¯è©äŸ¡ã»äžå
·å圱é¿è©äŸ¡
⢠èšèšæ¹åã®åœ¹å²
â ããããèšèšã®ææ¡
â åé¡è§£æ±ºçã®ææ¡
â 代æ¿æ¡ã»åé¿çã®ææ¡
⢠ãã€ã«ã¹ããŒã³ã®åœ¹å²
â é²æã®å ±å
â å·¥çšå®äºã®å€å®
⢠ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»åæã®åœ¹å²
â éçºè
å士
â éçºè
ãšãªãŒãã»ãããžã£ãŒ
â éçºããŒã ãšã¹ããŒã¯ãã«ããŒ
â éçºè
ãšé¡§å®¢
⢠æè²ã®åœ¹å²
â æè¡ã®äŒé
â è¯ãèšèšãèŠãã
â äžå
·åææã®ççŒç¹ãäŒãã
â ãã¬ãŒããªãã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãäŒãã
⢠ç£æ»ã®åœ¹å²
⢠äœæ¥æ¹åã»ããã»ã¹æ¹åã®åœ¹å²
â åå ã®æ€èšãšæ¹å
â ç³ãéãäºé
ïŒç°¡æèšèšã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ïŒã®äœ
æãšåšç¥åŸ¹åº
â 次åãããžã§ã¯ããžã®æ¹å
65. æ¬æ¥ã®æµã
⢠ã¯ããã«ïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
⢠補é æ¥ã«ãããããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ã®èŠè«Š
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãç®æãã¹ã姿
⢠ããžã¿ã«åã«ããäžæµã§ã®ã¢ãã«ããŒã¹æ€èšŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãã°åæã»RCAïŒæ ¹æ¬åå åæïŒããã®æ°Žå¹³å±éã®èãæ¹
⢠ã¬ãã¥ãŒã®èãæ¹
⢠ãŸãšãïŒ ããã³ãããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
© NISHI, Yasuharup.65