The document discusses the effects of climate on various aspects of architecture, including building arrangement, form, facade, roof, orientation, space organization, materials, and heating/cooling requirements. Specifically, it notes that in tropical climates buildings are arranged spread out to enhance ventilation, have shallow plans to optimize ventilation and light, require sun shading on facades, overhanging roofs for protection from sun and rain, south orientation to avoid direct sun radiation, organized spaces to avoid heat, use of light materials, and typically require cooling. In temperate climates, the document states buildings are attached to minimize heating, have deep plans to reduce heating needs, avoid sun shading on facades to allow solar gain, do not require

1. Name : Siti yaumilia salsa
No. Id : 13.036
Major : architecture
Subject : Tropical architecture
Architecture and climate
Effect of climate in architecture:
1. Building arrangement
2. Building form
3. Facade
4. Roof
5. Building orientation
6. Space organisation
7. Building material
8. Heating and cooling
1.Building arrangement
 Temperate climate
 Building are attached one to another (has no space) to minimise heating
 Humid tropics
 Buildings are arranged spreadly to enhance natural ventilation

2. 2.Building form
 Tropical climate
 swalow building plans, to optimise natural ventilation and natural light.
 Temperate climate
 deep building plans, to minimise heating
 Cold climate
 building has to limit its opening to prevent cold wind In the absence of wind,
rooom in side igloo cold. Reach temperature up to 20o
c
3. Facade
Facade is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front. In architecture,
the facade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the
tone for the rest of the building.
 Tropical climate:
 Sunn’s shading are required to protect building’s facade

3.  Temperate climate
 Sun’s shading on building’s facade are to be avoided to allow direct sun’s rays to
penetrate the building, this building. Which is necessary to raise indoor
tempratures.
4.Roof
part of a building envelope, both the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which
provides protection from the weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight; and the framing or
structure which supports the covering
 Tropical climate
 Overhanges are needed in designing the roof to protect either unwanted direct
sun’s radiation and heavy rain
 Temperate climate
 Overhanges are not required

4. 5. Building orientation
Building orientation is the practice of facing a building so as to maximize certain aspects of its surroundings, such as
street appeal, to capture a scenic view, for drainage considerations, etc. With rising energy costs, it’s becoming
increasingly important for builders to orient buildings to capitalize on the Sun’s free energy. For homeowners, it will
increase their indoor comfort and reduce their energy bills.
 Tropical climate
 Building shall be oriented to such particular direction to avoid direct sun’s radiation
in the equatorial region, due to the strong sun’s radiation, west orientation shall be
avoided. Particularly the absent of shading.
 Shading must be provided properly even in the north. South sides to avoid direct
sun’s radiation impinging the walls and windows.
 Temperate climate
 In the northem hemisphere, buildings shall be oriented to the south to get better
sun’s radiation
 In the southem hemisphere, building shall be orientated opposite, thats is to the
north to get better sun’s radiation.
 include the possibility of cross ventilation in summer
6. Space organisation
the influence of the spatial environment on humans in and around organizations

5.  Tropical climate
 Spaces are organised in such a was to Avoid the heat
 Temperate climate
 To allow the heat
7.Building material
Building material is any material which is used for construction purposes. The selection of materials for
your home is one of the most important decisions you will have to make with regards to both maximising
energy efficiency and minimising your environmental impact.
 Tropical climate
 Buildings use thin materials for the outsite walls and roofs. Because the difference
between outdoor and indoor tempratures tends to be smalls. The use of light or
semi solid walls are to allow natural.
 Temperate climate
 In temperate climate the appropriate use of dense materials such as brick, concrete and
stone, is used to store the sun’s heat on winter days and release it back into the home at
night. These heavy materials are also used to absorb excess heat during the day in
summer, then at night using the cooling breeze to remove this heat (the correct amount
and location of these heavy materials is important).

6. 8.Heating and cooling requirements
 Tropical climate
 In the lowland, tempratures are relatively high, so need be cooled.
 Temprate climate
 Due to the averange ambient tempratures which are lower than comfort zone,
heating (providing fire/ chimneys) is required for buildings to provide comfortable
environtment inside the building.

7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_material
http://www.sustainablemandurah.com.au/before-you-start-2/existing-homes/choosing-your-
materials/
Building Orientation for Optimum Energy - InterNACHI http://www.nachi.org/building-orientation-optimum-
energy.htm#ixzz2qCPfEKhR
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade
https://www.google.co.id/search
http://alpha-arch2.blogspot.com/2012/04/following-climate-factors-are-important.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_architecture