BAROQUE And ROCOCO History of architecture

1. BAROQUE TILL ROCOCO

2.  From the end of 16th century until 1750.
 Geography: whole Europe+ America.
 Characteristics of the period:
 Religious and political conflicts
 Geographical colonization
 Scientific development
 New astrological discoveries Sun centre of Universe

3.  The word means imperfection
 New naturalism that reflects the scientific advances
 Taste for dramatic action and emotion:
 Colour and light contrasted
 Rich textures
 Asymmetrical spaces
 Diagonal plans
 New subjects: landscape, genre, still-life

4.  Variety within the style
 Art at the service of power
 Two main centres:
 Rome: Pope’s authority
 France: powerful monarchy
 Influence of the Counter-Reform
 Worry about plastic values

5.  Long narrow naves replaced by broader or circular forms
 a man describing the Baroque is more apt to mime
the shaping out of an imaginary mass of soft plastic
or clay
 This conception had a vital effect on the ground-
plan - the outlines of the building as seen from
above - that came to be adopted. It led to the
rejection of the simple, elementary, analytical plans
which were deliberately preferred by Renaissance
architects.Their place was taken by complex, rich,
dynamic designs, more appropriate to
constructions which were no longer thought of as
'built', or created by the union of various parts each
with its own autonomy, but rather as hollowed out,
shaped from a compact mass by a series of
demarcations of contour.
 Those typical of Baroque architecture were the
ellipse or the oval, or far more complex schemes
derived from complicated geometrical figures.

6.  Dramatic use of light

7.  Large-scale ceiling frescoes

8.  Interior a shell for painting and sculpture

9.  Illusory effects
 Illusionistic ceiling painting, which includes the
techniques of perspective di sotto in sù and quadratura,
is the tradition in Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo art
in which trompe l'oeil, perspective tools such as
foreshortening, and other spatial effects are used to
create the illusion of three-dimensional space on an
otherwise two-dimensional or mostly flat ceiling surface
above the viewer. It is frequently used to visually
suggest an open sky, such as with the oculus in Andrea
Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, or a fictive
architectural space such as in the illusionistic cupola,
one of Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in Sant'Ignazio, Rome.

10.  They evolved from the Renaissance forms
 Movement toward grand structures with flowing, curving shapes
 Landscape was frequently incorporated
 New elements as gardens, squares , courtyards and fountains.
 Influence of the rebuilding of Saint Peter, in which classical forms integrated
with the city.

11.  Maderno
 He made the Vatican’s façade
 His work destroyed partially Michelangelo’s design
 His work combined the dome with the creation of an
space where the Pope could appear publicaly
 Other works:
 Santa maria della Vittoria
 Palazzo Barberini

12.  Carlo Maderno (1556 – 30 January 1629) was an
Italianarchitect, born in today's Ticino, who is remembered
as one of the fathers of Baroque architecture. His façades of
Santa Susanna, St. Peter's Basilica and Sant'Andrea della Valle
were of key importance in the evolution of the Italian
Baroque. He is often referred to as the brother of sculptor
Stefano Maderno, but this is not universally agreed upon.

13.  Sant'Andrea della Valle is a basilica church in
the rione of Sant'Eustachio of the city of Rome,
Italy.

14.  The Church of Saint Susanna at the Baths of is
a Roman Catholic parish church located on
the Quirinal Hill in Rome, Italy.

15.  Longhena
 He worked mainly in Venice
 His design was selected for building Santa Maria della
Salute
 It is building of central plan with a great dome that
became the symbol of Venice.

16.  Baldassare Longhena (1598 –
February 18, 1682) was an Italian
architect, who worked mainly in
Venice, where he was one of the
greatest exponents of Baroque
architecture of the period.
 Longhena is considered a
contemporary or near-contemporary
of a number of prominent Italian
architects of the 16th and 17th
century such as Vincenzo Scamozzi
and Andrea Palladio.

17.  Santa Maria di Nazareth is a Roman Catholic
Carmelite church in Venice, northern Italy. It
is also called Church of the Scalzi (Chiesa
degli Scalzi) being the seat in the city of the
Discalced Carmelites religious order (Scalzi
in Italian means "barefoot").

18.  Santa Maria della Salute (English: Saint Mary of
Health), commonly known simply as the Salute,
is a Roman Catholic church and minor basilica
located at Punta della Dogana in the Dorsoduro
sestiere of the city of Venice, Italy.
 In 1630,Venice experienced an unusually
devastating outbreak of the plague. As a votive
offering for the city's deliverance from the
pestilence, the Republic of Venice vowed to
build and dedicate a church to Our Lady of
Health (or of Deliverance, Italian: Salute).The
church was designed in the then fashionable
baroque style by Baldassare Longhena, who
studied under the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi.
Construction began in 1631. Most of the objects
of art housed in the church bear references to
the Black Death.

19.  Ca' Rezzonico is a palazzo on the Grand Canal
in the Dorsoduro sestiere of Venice, Italy.
Today, it is a public museum dedicated to
18th-century Venice (Museo del Settecento
Veneziano) and one of the 11 venues
managed by the Fondazione Musei Civici di
Venezia.

20.  It was elegant, ordered, rational and restraided
 It is a rectilinear model, closer to classicism
 It aimed at showing the power of Louis XIV monarchy.
 The main works are:
 Louvre: Le Vau and Perrault
 Versailles: Le Brun, Le Vau, Le Notre

21.  The Louvre Palace is a former royal palace
located on the Right Bank of the Seine in
Paris, between the Tuileries Gardens and the
church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois.
 Originally a fortress built in the medieval
period, it became a royal palace in the
fourteenth century under Charles V and was
used from time to time by the kings of France
as their main Paris residence.
 Its present structure has evolved in stages
since the 16th century. In 1793 part of the
Louvre became a public museum, now the
Musée du Louvre, which has expanded to
occupy most of the building.

22.  The Palace of Versailles, Château de Versaillesis
a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France
region of France.When the château was built,
Versailles was a small village dating from the
11th century; today, however, it is a wealthy
suburb of Paris, some 20 kilometres (12 miles)
southwest of the centre of the French capital
(point zero at square in front of Notre Dame).
Versailles was the seat of political power in the
Kingdom of France from 1682, when King Louis
XIV moved the royal court from Paris, until the
royal family was forced to return to the capital in
October 1789, within three months after the
beginning of the French Revolution.Versailles is
therefore famous not only as a building, but as a
symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of
the Ancien Régime.

23.  It began later due to the Thirty Years’ War
 Austria developed the Imperial style with Fischer von
Erlach and Hildebrandt
 In Germany, in the Catholic South Jesuit models were
followed while in the Protestant North works were less
important
 Palace architecture was important in the whole area

24.  Karlskirche (St. Charles's Church) is a
baroque church located on the south side of
Karlsplatz in Vienna, Austria.Widely
considered the most outstanding baroque
church in Vienna, as well as one of the city's
greatest buildings, Karlskirche is dedicated
to Saint Charles Borromeo, one of the great
counter-reformers of the sixteenth century.
 Schönbrunn Palace is a former imperial
summer residence located in Vienna, Austria.
The 1,441-room Baroque palace is one of the
most important architectural, cultural, and
historical monuments in the country.

25.  The Belvedere is a historic building complex in Vienna,
Austria, consisting of two Baroque palaces (the Upper and
Lower Belvedere), the Orangery, and the Palace Stables.The
buildings are set in a Baroque park landscape in the third
district of the city, on the south-eastern edge of its centre. It
houses the Belvedere museum.The grounds are set on a
gentle gradient and include decorative tiered fountains and
cascades, Baroque sculptures, and majestic wrought iron
gates.The Baroque palace complex was built as a summer
residence for Prince Eugene of Savoy.

26.  In England is important Wren
 Baroque was the style used to design town planning
 In Russia it is very decorative, in quite traditional churches
sometimes made of brick; later it was imported from the
Low Countries and finally it became an extravagant art.

27.  St Paul's Cathedral, London, is an Anglican cathedral, the
seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the
Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest
point of the City of London and is a Grade 1 listed
building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to
the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The
present cathedral, dating from the late 17th century, was
designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher
Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was
part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the
Great Fire of London.

28.  Cambridge University Library is the main research library
of the University of Cambridge in England. It is also the
biggest of 114 libraries within the University.The Library
is a major scholarly resource for both the members of the
University of Cambridge and for external researchers.
Cambridge University Library comprises the main
University Library and its affiliated libraries.

29.  French style for interior decoration
 It developped mainly at the end of 1720
 It was used in other countries as a French Style
 Characteristics:
 Galante: luxurious things
 Contraste: asymmety
 Chinoiserie: exotic character imitating Chinese arts

30.  It caught the public taste
 Small and curious buildings
 Elegant parlours, dainty sitting-rooms and boudoirs
 Walls, ceiling, furniture and works of metal as decoration
 Ensemble of sportive, fantastic and sculptured forms
 Horizontal lines almost completely supressed
 Shell-like curves
 Walls covered by stucco
 White and bright colours.

31.  http://www.bugbog.com/gallery/london_pictures/st-pauls-cathedral/
 https://www.daysoutguide.co.uk/st-pauls-cathedral
 https://www.stpauls.co.uk/sightseeing-times-prices
 https://www.britannica.com/art/Rococo-style-design
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococo
 https://billlowegallery.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/rococo-on-the-runway/
 https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-architecture-in-photos-4065237
 http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Wren_Library
 https://redchalksketch.wordpress.com/2010/10/17/cambridge-public-library-by-william-rawn-associates/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvedere,_Vienna
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nbrunn_Palace
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlskirche
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvre_Palace
 https://www.google.com.sg/search?q=Santa+Maria+della+Salute&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4_5OI2bfUAhVEvY8KHaBABM0Q_AUICigB&biw=996&bih=994#imgrc=P0bc7muPso87qM:
 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Belloni_Battagia/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Salute
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chioggia_Cathedral
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%27_Rezzonico
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalzi,_Venice