1. Heat Exchangers

3. Heat Exchangers are components that allow the transfer of heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to another fluid.

5. Double-Pipe Exchanger

6. Double Pipe Simplest type has one tube inside another - inner tube may have longitudinal fins on the outside However, most have a number of tubes in the outer tube - can have very many tubes thus becoming a shell-and-tube

7. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger

8. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers are the most important type of HE. It is used in almost every type of industry. This type of heat exchanger consists of a set of tubes in a container called a shell. The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the tube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the tubes is the shell side fluid.

9. Main Components of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

10. Some common heat-exchanger terms Tube side: Inside the tubes. Shell side: Outside the tubes, between the tubes and the shell. Tube sheet A thick plate provided with holes (one per tube) in which the tubes are fixed. Tube bundle Consists of tubes, tube sheet and baffle plates Shell A cylinder of plate in which the tube bundle is placed

12. TEMA Heat Exchangers

13. Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Construction Fixed Tube-sheet type U-tube type Floating Head type

14. Front head type A-type B-type B A Channel and removable cover Bonnet (integral cover)

15. Shell type E-type F shell Longitudinal baffle F E One-pass shell Two-pass shell

16. More shell types G and H shells normally only used for horizontal thermosyphon reboilers J and X shells if allowable pressure drop can not be achieved in an E shell G H Longitudinal baffles Split flow Double split flow J X Divided flow Cross flow

17. Low-finned Tubes Flat end to go into tube sheet and intermediate flat portions for baffle locations Available in variety of metals including stainless steel, titanium and inconels

18. Plate and frame Plates hung vertically and clamped in a press or frame. Gaskets direct the streams between alternate plates and prevent external leakage Plates made of stainless steel or higher quality material Plates corrugated to give points of support and increase heat transfer

19. Plate Heat Exchanger

20. Corrugations on plate improve heat transfer give rigidity Many points of contact and a tortuous flow path Chevron Washboard Plate types

21. General view of plate exchanger “Plate exchanger” normally refers to a gasketed plate- and-frame exchanger

22. Flow Arrangement within a PHE Gaskets arranged for each stream to flow between alternate plates Alternate plates (often same plate types inverted)

23. Air-Cooled or Fin-Fan Exchanger

24. Air-cooled exchanger Air blown across finned tubes (forced draught type) Can suck air across (induced draught) Finned tubes

25. ACHE bundle

26. Spiral Heat Exchanger

27. Spiral Heat Exchangers Spiral heat exchangers can be used in most applications in the chemical process industry In many difficult applications where fouling and plugging are problems, a standard shell and tube design may not be effective While a spiral heat exchanger often has a higher initial cost, it may provide a lower life cycle cost due to lower fouling rates and ease of maintenance

28. A spiral heat exchanger is composed of two long, flat plates wrapped around a mandrel or center tube, creating two concentric spiral channels In a spiral heat exchanger, the hot fluid flows into the center of the unit and spirals outward toward the outer plates while at the same time, the cold fluid enters the periphery and spiral inward, exiting at the center