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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS MASTERCLASS
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KPI Course slides
1.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS MASTERCLASS Towards the use of a rigorous KPI Management Framework 11th - 12th of November 2015 | Riyadh | Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1 Adrian Brudan General Manager TKI - EMEA, The KPI Institute The Fairmont Dubai, 21st floor, Office 2103 – Suite 13 PO Box 119724, Dubai, United Arab Emirates T: +971 4 311 6556 | M: +971 56 427 9177 E: adrian.brudan@kpiinstitute.com | W: www.kpiinstitute.org
2.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 2 CONTACT DETAILS www.purposefulidentity.com www.balancedscorecardreview.com www.integratingperformance.com Life.lab Building Suite 606, 198 Harbour Esplanade Melbourne Docklands, VIC 3008 Australia office@kpiinstitute.org +61 3 9028 2223 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES KEY RESOURCES
3.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 3
4.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 4
5.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 5 At the core of smartKPIs.com is an online catalogue of over 20,000 KPI examples from 16 business functional areas and 25 industries. An online magazine containing more than 1,000 articles on topics like strategy, Balanced Scorecard, KPI, organizational performance. An online catalogue illustrating the use of corporate identity elements in practice. A platform for integrating performance management knowledge at all levels. The most comprehensive online resource dedicated to the Balanced Scorecard. RESEARCH
6.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 6 Top KPIs Reports by Functional Area 54 Reports Details at: http://kpiinstitute.org/publications/ Top KPIs Reports by Industry 57 Reports PUBLICATIONS The KPI Dictionaries 3 Books
7.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 7 Certified Strategy and Business Planning Professional Certified Data Visualization Professional Certified Benchmarking Professional Certified Supplier Performance Professional Certified Customer Service Performance Professional Certified Personal Performance Professional Certified KPI Professional Certified Performance Improvement Professional Certified Employee Performance Professional Certified Data Analysis Professional EDUCATION
8.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 8 EDUCATION Source: The KPI Institute (2015)
9.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 9 EDUCATION Source: The KPI Institute (2015)
10.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 OUR CLIENTS In-house training and advisory services Telecommunications Aviation Chemicals Utilities Public Authority Financial Services 10
11.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 OUR CLIENTS 11 Open Courses Manufacturing Chemicals Public Authority Aviation Healthcare Financial Services
12.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 PROFESSIONAL FORMATION Professional Associations CertificationsAcademic Economics | Business Administration | Performance Management 12
13.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 13 AGENDA 1 DAY 1 DAY 2 Introduction and Context Understanding KPIs KPIs and Objectives Setting KPI Selection KPI Documentation and Target Setting Data Gathering and Visualization 1 2 4 5 6 3 7 Learning Assessment Quiz
14.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 14 Key learning points Case study Session review Exercise Video References LEGEND
15.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Differentiate between objectives, KPIs and initiatives; • Apply best practice techniques to KPI selection; • Understand KPI selection in different contexts; • Document KPIs in a standardized template; • Learn when and how to use benchmarking in target setting; • Optimize the KPI activation and data gathering process; • Enhance the use of data through effective data visualization. 15
16.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 16 AGENDA Introduction and Context 1. Challenges in working with KPIs 2. The value added by KPIs 3. Organizational levels 4. KPI concept map 1. Identify main challenges in performance measurement; 2. Understand the role of business performance measurement systems; 3. Acknowledge 6 arguments to get buy-in for a KPI implementation project. Key Learning Points 1
17.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 Which are the major challenges: • You are interested in addressing? • Your organization/ team is facing? • Are relevant to the practice overall? CHALLENGES IN WORKING WITH KPIS 17
18.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 51.26% 14.83% 13.88% 10.09% 9.94% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% Selecting the right KPIs Gathering data for KPIs Documenting KPIs clearly and concisely Root cause analysis Decision making based on KPI results What is the most challenging aspect of working with KPIs? CHALLENGES IN WORKING WITH KPIS 18
19.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT VS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Performance Measurement = evaluation and assessment of results. 1. Sub-process of performance management 2. Focuses on the identification of KPIs tracking of KPIs communication KPIs results Performance Management = taking action based on the results of the evaluation to ensure targets achieved. 1. The overarching discipline that deals with performance. 2. Reflects the approach one entity has towards performance 3. Includes sub-processes such as: The formulation of a plan Actively monitoring implementation Readjusting the plan Performance measurement Capability development 19
20.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 THE VALUE ADDED BY KPIS Clarity Improvement Focus Communication 20
21.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 THE VALUE ADDED BY KPIS CLARITY • Provide a detailed numerical view of which are the desired results aimed to be achieved • Facilitate line of sight by mapping contribution to success across organisational levels FOCUS • Convey what matters • Convey what requires attention IMPROVEMENT • Objectively evaluate the level of achievement of desired results • Readily available data which accelerates corrective action initiation ENGAGEMENT • Lead to a sense of ownership through responsibility and accountability • Motivate in achieving better results • Contribute to building a performance culture COMMUNICATION • Provide common understanding of the numbers that matter • Enables precise stakeholder communication • Demonstrate interest and ability to use state of the art management concepts LEARNING • Enable comparison of results in time, to reflect trends • Identify opportunities by comparing to others • Lead to a better understanding of the business 21
22.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 MAIN ROLES OF BPM SYSTEMS Source: Adapted from Franco-Santos, M., Kennerley, M., Micheli, P. et al (2007) 59% 41% 41% 41% 35% 29% 24% 18% 18% 12% 12% 6% 6% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 22
23.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 MAIN FEATURES OF BPM SYSTEMS Source: Adapted from Franco-Santos, M., Kennerley, M., Micheli, P. et al (2007) 23 53% 35% 29% 24% 12% 12% 12% 12% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
24.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 TERMS & TOOLS LINKED TO “PERFORMANCE” Budgets Communications Dashboards Discussions Forums Goals KPIs Meetings Objectives Performance reviews Plans Projects Reports Rewards Scorecards Targets Technology Training A better structure, alignment, integration and use of what is already in place is the answer to improve performance management practices. 24
25.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 INTEGRATION OF TOOLS WITHIN A PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fleischwolf-zerlegt.jpg Photo taken by: Kku, Modified by: Rainer Zenz Organizational and Departmental Level System Map Desired State of Evolution Strategy Map Performance Scorecard Organisational KPI Catalogue Portfolio of Initiatives Dashboard Performance review meetings Individual Level Individual performance plans Performance evaluations Performance conversations Personal Level Personal performance plans Performance reviews 25
26.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 SYSTEM INTEGRATION ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OUTCOMES OUTCOMES 26
27.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 IDENTIFY PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT TOOLS 27 Match Description No. Tool 90% 1 Goal # Employees 2 KPI % Patient satisfaction 3 Initiative Patient Engagement Program 4 Metric Deliver the first survey results by 30 July 5 Milestone Develop the patient satisfaction survey 6 Mission Statement Integrity 7 Program Maintain high level of patient satisfaction 8 Objective Opt 1.Provide best talent for the business / Opt 2. Growth for the business 9 Target Quality 10 Task To be the regional destination provider of innovative and complex care, setting the standard in the field. 11 Value Driver Bi-annual patient satisfaction assessment 12 Value Statement To provide medical care services at high quality standards to the citizens of the state. 13 Vision Statement
28.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 ORGANIZATIONAL LEVELS Team Departmental • Performance expectations aligned to departmental and organizational objectives Employee Organizational • Overall organizational objectives • Departmental (operational) or sub- departmental (team) processes, aligned to organizational strategy 28
29.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM INTEGRATION Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 29
30.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 1. DESIRED STATE OF EVOLUTION Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 30
31.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 2. STRATEGY MAP Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 31
32.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 3. PERFORMANCE SCORECARD Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 32
33.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 4. PERFORMANCE DASHBOARD 33
34.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 5. KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 34
35.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 6. KPI REPORT FORM Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 35
36.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 7. PORTFOLIO OF INITIATIVES Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 36
37.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 8. INITIATIVE DESCRIPTION FORM Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 37
38.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 KPI CASCADING 38
39.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 KPI MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK CONCEPT MAP 39
40.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 KPI MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK GOVERNANCE Top Management Department Department Department Strategy / Performance Office • Promote • Support • Design • Implement • Maintain • Assume ownership of targets • Collect data • Report data 40
41.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 KPI ARCHITECTURE SKILLS Research Analysis Synthesis Software MS PPT MS XLS Strategy Data visualization Performance Measurement Architecture Coaching Communication Facilitation Technology Interpersonal Performance Management Data 41
42.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 1. Most common challenge: KPI selection 2. Why use KPIs? • Clarity • Focus • Improvement • Engagement • Communication • Learning SESSION REVIEW 42
43.
© The KPI
Institute 2015 • Franco-Santos, M., Kennerley, M., Micheli, P., Martinez, V., Mason, S., Marr, B., Gray, D. and Neely, A. (2007), Towards a definition of a business performance measurement system, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 27(8): 784-801. Available at: https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/2789/1/Towards%20a%20definition%20of%20busines s%20performance%20measurement%20system.pdf Images: • The KPI Institute (2014), Human Resources Performance Management Toolkit. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/hr-performance-management-system-toolkit.html REFERENCES 43
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Institute 2015 44 AGENDA Key Learning Points 2 Understanding KPIs 1. KPI related terminology 2. KPIs use case scenarios 3. KPI lifecycle 1. Define objectives, KPIs and initiatives according to terminology standards; 2. Identify the KPI lifecycle stages.
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Institute 2015 KPI RELATED TERMINOLOGY • Key Result Areas (KRAs); • Key Performance Indicators (KPIs); • Performance Indicators (PIs); • Measures; • Metrics; • Key Result Indicators (KRIs); • Analytics; • Evaluation criteria. OPTION 2 KRAs KPIs PIs Measures Metrics – to inform decisions KPIs – to evaluate performance OPTION 1 45
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Institute 2015 METRICS – KPIS- KRIS - ANALYTICS Decision Making Performance Assessment KPIs Risk Assessment KRIs Measurement Metrics Analytics 46
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Institute 2015 METRICS 47 # Air temperature # Air humidity # Air purity # Square meters per room # Employees # Highway kilometres # Employee age # Working hours per year $ Budget
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Institute 2015 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Source: Spider Strategies (2015) % Net promoter score % Budget variance % Hospital bed occupancy rate $ Revenues $ Operating costs # Patient consultation time # Caseload per physician 48
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Institute 2015 KEY RISK INDICATORS • Key risk indicators are metrics used by organizations to provide an early signal of increasing risk exposures in various areas of the enterprise. Objective: Manage the collection of accounts receivable to reduce loss due to write-offs Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Key Risk Indicator (KRI) Data about write-offs of accounts in most recent month, quarter, year. Analysis of reported financial results for the company’s 25 largest customers or general collection challenges throughout the industry that highlight trends signaling future collection concerns. $ Write-offs of accounts % Large customers in financial difficulty Linking Objectives to Strategies to Risks to KRI’s Profitability Increase Revenues Reduce Costs Strategic Initiative #1 Strategic Initiative #2 Strategic Initiative #3 Strategic Initiative #4 Potential Risk Potential Risk Potential Risk Potential Risk KRI KRI KRI KRI Potential Risk KRI KPI KPI KPI KPI Source: Beasley, M. S., Branson, B. C. and Hancock, B. V. (2010) 49
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Institute 2015 ANALYTICS Source: Google (2015) Refers to extracting key information from large volumes of data in order to: • predict future trends • identify patterns Support decision making 50
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Institute 2015 1. % Employee satisfaction 2. $ Turnover 3. Finalise project by 31 December 4. # Patients from referrals 5. # Employees 6. % Projects delivered on time and on budget 7. Quality 8. % Hospital bed occupancy rate 9. $ Budget 10. Increase market share to 28% IDENTIFY THE KPIS KPI Definition: A measurable expression for the achievement of a desired level of results in an area relevant to the evaluated entity’s activity. (The KPI Institute) 51
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Institute 2015 TERMINOLOGY STANDARDS Objectives start with Verb KPIs start with $ = Value of # = Number of % = Percentage of Initiatives start with Noun Increase customer satisfaction $ Revenue per client CRM software implementation # Complaints received % Customer satisfaction 52
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Institute 2015 “Corporate Goal 1 – To obtain profit before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) ≥ B/.1,110 million up to September 30, 2009. Corporate Goal 2 – To establish a new pricing structure up to September 30, 2009 depending on the phases established in the work plan. Corporate Goal 3 – To provide a preliminary report of the Technical Cooperation Project up to September 30, 2009. Corporate Goal 4 – To implement planned activities for the Third Set of Locks Project up to September 30, 2009, in compliance with the milestones of the established schedule. Corporate Goal 5 – To make optimal use of the existing plant to meet transit demands, ensuring a service level compliance average ≥ 85 percent.” “Corporate Goal 6 - To adapt the organization through the improvement of the processes identified up to September 30, 2009. Source: Panama Canal Authority (2009) ANALYZE PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY CORPORATE GOALS 2009 53
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Institute 2015 Corporate Goal 7 – To implement 100.0 percent the activities of the Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility Action Plan scheduled for fiscal year 2009. Corporate Goal 8 – To develop the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Sustainable Development and Integrated Management of Water Resources for the Panama Canal Watershed up to September 30, 2009. Corporate Goal 9 – To prepare a talent management plan and to provide a generational shift and to meet emerging needs in the operation up to September 30, 2009. Corporate Goal 10 – To improve the working environment ≥ 5.0 percent, measured by a satisfaction, commitment and work climate survey up to September 30, 2009. Corporate Goal 11 – To ensure that the Corporate Performance Index (CDI) is ≥ 100, up to September 30, 2009.” ANALYZE PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY CORPORATE GOALS 2009 Source: Panama Canal Authority (2009) 54
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Institute 2015 Positive examples: “Objective 1 - To increase profitability in a sustainable manner for the benefit of the country. Objective 2 - To expand the range of services and products. Objective 3 - To enhance good corporate governance. Objective 4 - To efficiently manage the volume and quality of the water resources of the Panama Canal Watershed. Objective 5 - To increase productivity through excellence in performance and the wellbeing of human resources” Source: Panama Canal Authority (2013) ANALYZE PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY CORPORATE GOALS 2013 55
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Institute 2015 INTERDISCIPLINARY SYSTEMIC WORLDVIEW 56
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Institute 2015 KPI USE CASE SCENARIOS Strategy Management 1 Organizational strategy 2 Organizational operations tracking 3 Departmental strategy 4 Departmental operations tracking Interlink Level 5 Alliances / Joint ventures relationship scorecard 6 Portfolio management 7 Project management Operations Management 8 Quality / process management 9 Service level agreements 10 Supplier performance management Individual Performance 11 Employee performance management Personal Performance 12 Fitness training 13 Personal performance management Evaluation 14 Sustainability performance reporting 15 Benefits realization management 16 General strategic / operations reporting 17 Audit 18 Compliance reporting (micro and macroeconomic level) 57
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Institute 2015 1. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY 58 Context: Scorecards to monitor the achievement of strategy, through KPIs. Positive aspects: KPIs are monitored in 5 perspectives: Financial, Customer, Operations and People. Traffic lights are used to enable immediate understanding of performance data. Recommendations: Link KPIs to more specific strategic objectives, not only to goals. Comments: The scorecard contain some of the most important fields to track performance.
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Institute 2015 2. ORGANIZATIONAL OPERATIONS STRATEGY Source: KPI Institute (2014) 59 Context: Dashboards to provide a more detailed overview of corporate performance.
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Institute 2015 3. DEPARTMENTAL STRATEGY Source: KPI Institute (2014) 60 Context: Scorecards to monitor strategy at operational level.
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Institute 2015 4. DEPARTMENTAL OPERATIONS TRACKING Source: Godrejinfotech.com (2010) 61 Context: Dashboards to offer visibility into key processes. Positive aspects: KPIs are visualized in both tables and graphs with the purpose to enhance data meaning. Recommendations: Cluster KPIs around key processes or activities. Comments: The interactivity of the dashboard enables managers to access different data sets with ease, supporting timely decision making.
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Institute 2015 5. ALLIANCES / JOINT VENTURES RELATIONSHIP SCORECARD 62 Context: Scorecards to monitor performance of alliances or other business partnerships. Positive aspects: KPIs are linked to clear objectives established for the alliance. Recommendations: Standardize KPI names and allocate a section to comment KPI results. Comments: Key value drivers for the alliance were identified, such as relationship value or strength that cluster the scorecard objectives and help managers focus on what matters the most.
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Institute 2015 6. PORTFOLIO AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT 63 Context: KPIs to monitor the performances in terms of managing more projects. Positive aspects: KPI results are displayed through graphs, in the format of a dashboard. Recommendations: Replace pie charts, with more effective data visualization tools; Comments: Dashboards are very useful in managing a portfolio of projects as they provide key information in order to ensure initiatives are finalized on time, within budget and resources are used efficiently.
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Institute 2015 7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Source: SmartKPIs.com (2015) 64
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Institute 2015 8. QUALITY / PROCESS MANAGEMENT Source: Adapted from Oak Ride Institute for Science and Education (2005) 65 Context: KPIs to measure quality and compliance with standards, as well as to support process optimization. Positive aspects: Process mapping is used to standardize activities and to support process optimization. Recommendations: Establish KPIs to assess the quality of processes.
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Institute 2015 8. QUALITY / PROCESS MANAGEMENT Process improvement Work Time (value add) Before After Wait Time (non value add) Cost Defects Lead time Inventory Space Waste! Capacity Cash flow Customer satisfaction Customer responsiveness On time delivery Productivity Profit Quality 66
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Institute 2015 9. SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT (SLA) Source: Texas State University (n.d) 67 Context: KPIs to ensure the quality of services delivered – whether is about third party providers (suppliers) or internal providers (departments, divisions). Positive aspects: Clear targets are established for each performance measure. Recommendations: Standardize KPI names for more clarity. Comments: Internal SLAs can be used for both internal and external providers.
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Institute 2015 10. SUPPLIER PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Compliance with client requirements Quality and severity of defects The objectives of the engagement were achieved Timely delivery schedule Ability to meet interim milestones Ability to complete work within agreed upon budget Ability to control costs / Cost improvements over time Value for money / Competitiveness of pricing Provides effective and timely communication Service and product delivery problems were quickly resolved Documentation requirements / Understanding of business requirements Innovative in helping delivering solutions Understanding of the client’s business processes and practices Understanding of the industry and market and how it applies to VG Technical skills and experience Personnel quality (i.e. independence and thoroughness) Overall project management Reasonable negotiations and contract, ease of doing business Effective, accurate and efficient billing system Flexible, accessible and responsive to inquiries Overall satisfaction with vendor deliverables and services Professional and cooperative behaviour with the client personnel Work ethic, flexibility and responsiveness c) 24 Indicatorsb) 8 Categoriesa) 3 Perspectives Outcomes Schedule Budget Communication Value add/Innovation Delivery capability Responsiveness / Account Management Client satisfaction Outcome performance Delivery performance Service excellence 68 Context: KPIs to monitor performance of supplier, for a streamlined supply chain.
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Institute 2015 11. EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Source: KPI Institute (2015) 69 Context: KPIs and scorecards to evaluate performance of each employee in the organization.
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Institute 2015 12. FITNESS TRAINING Source: Body Media Fit (2015) 70 Context: KPIs to track performance of athletes. Positive aspects: The dashboard allows target setting for KPIs and enables you to visualize progress in time. Comments: A clear perspective on current fitness performance contributes to better planning workouts.
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Institute 2015 13. PERSONAL MANAGEMENT 71 Source: Felton, N. (2013), Annual report Positive aspects: It provides an instant overview upon the performance achieved in several personal areas. Recommendations: Structure the KPIs under objectives and assign specific targets that need to be attained. Comments: Common personal areas to be monitored are finances, household management, professional development, time management, social activity – interactions with friends and family. Context: KPIs to monitor personal achievements, to track daily activities, to improve time management.
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Institute 2015 14. SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE REPORTING Source: Apple (2011) KP Taxonomy 72 Comments: Transparency in KPI results can positively contribute to brand image. Context: KPIs to assess the environmental impact of activities. Results are presented in sustainability scorecards or in dedicated performance reports. Positive aspects: there is a trend in representing performance data in annual reports through infographics. Recommendations: Structure the KPIs under sustainability objectives and outline specific targets that are desired.
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Institute 2015 15. BENEFITS REALIZATION MANAGEMENT Source: Western Australia Department of Treasury and Finance (2005) 73 Positive aspects: KPIs are accompanied by target values. Recommendations: KPI names should be standardized. Comments: benefits realization management through KPIs provides the necessary visibility in assessing investment projects. Context: Benefits realization is an important part of project management and should rely on KPIs that clearly outline expected benefits.
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Institute 2015 16. GENERAL OPERATIONAL REPORTING Source: Clebsch, B., Dougherty, J. D., and Anderson, G. (2004) 74 Recommendations: Structure the KPIs under sustainability objectives and outline specific targets that are desired. Comments: Operational reporting must be focused on providing essential data for decision making. Context: KPIs are commonly used by departments or teams to report the performance of their activities. Positive aspects: KPI results are accompanied by comments to facilitate understanding of current performance level.
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Institute 2015 17. AUDIT Source: Australian National Audit Office (2011) 75 • The checklist from the example is used to evaluates the KPIs used by a set of organizations to track if their projects deliver the expected outputs. Context: KPIs can be used to assess the quality of the audit department, but also to analyze how an organization is coordinated. • The audit aims to identify the mix between qualitative and quantitative KPIs and whether they had clear targets assigned.
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Institute 2015 18. COMPLIANCE REPORTING Source: Ontario Buys (2010) 76 Positive aspects: KPIs are clustered on different perspectives. Recommendations: KPI names should be standardized. Comments: Reporting to governmental institution can also serve for organizations as a benchmarking technique if results are published. Context: KPIs are commonly used to report compliance with regulations.
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Institute 2015 KPI LIFECYCLE KPI lifecycle – Stage 1 Establishment KPI lifecycle – Stage 2 Use KPI lifecycle – Stage 3 Evolution •Needs identification •Selection •Documentation •Visualization •Activation •Analysis •Reporting •Decision making •Communication •Documentation refresh •Data gathering •Analysis •Reporting •Decision making •Communication •Documentation refresh • Maintain • Refresh • Conserve/Suspend • Supercede 77
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Institute 2015 1. KPI definition: a measurable expression for the achievement of a desired level of results in an area relevant to the evaluated entity’s activity. 2. Terminology standards: • Objectives - Verb • KPIs - Symbols (#, %, $) • Initiatives - Noun. 3. KPI lifecycle: • Establishment • Use • Evolution SESSION REVIEW Understand KPIs 78
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Institute 2015 • Beasley, M. S., Branson, B. C. and Hancock, B. V. (2010.), Developing Key Risk Indicators to strengthen enterprise risk management: How Key Risk Indicators can sharpen focus on emerging risks. Available at: http://www.coso.org/documents/COSOKRIPaperFull- FINALforWebPostingDec110_000.pdf • Panama Canal Authority (2009), Annual report. Available at: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/reporte-anual/ • Panama Canal Authority (2013), Annual report. Available at: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/reporte-anual/ Images: • Google (2015), Google Analytics. Available at: http://www.google.com/analytics/ • Spider Strategies (2015), QuickScore. Available at: http://www.integerperform.com/kpi- dashboard-balanced-scorecard-software/ REFERENCES 79
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Institute 2015 80 AGENDA Key Learning Points 3 KPIs and Objectives Setting 1. SMART objectives decomposed 2. Leading vs lagging KPIs 1. Formulate SMART objectives 2. Differentiate leading and lagging KPIs in different contexts;
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Institute 2015 SMART OBJECTIVES DECOMPOSED Objective KPI Target Time Owner 2 • Increase market share • % Market share • By financial year end • 28% • Marketing Director Option 1: Increase market share to 28% by the end of the financial year under Marketing Director coordination. Option 2: 81
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Institute 2015 OBJECTIVES SETTING 2 82 Value drivers Objective KPIsMission Vision Corporate values Initiatives
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Institute 2015 LEADING VS LAGGING KPIS Source: International Association of Oil & Gas Producer (2011) International Customer Management Institute (n.d) Leading indicators = measure things that address what can create future value Lagging indicators = look back at past performance Vs. • “outcomes, forward-looking indicators” Advantage: • Being predictive allows the organization to take better decisions to address future events. Challenge: • May be difficult to identify and capture results. • “measures events / incidents and consequences, retrospective” Advantage: • Easy to identify and to measure / collect results. Challenge: • Indicates past performance, does not reflect current activities. 83
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Institute 2015 Task: • Cluster the following examples into leading and lagging KPIs. LEADING VS LAGGING KPIS No. KPI examples 1 % Employee engagement 2 % Patients from referrals 3 % Patients satisfaction 4 % Market share 5 $ Profit 6 # Medical service lead time 7 % Staff with competencies at desired level 84
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Institute 2015 1. SMART objectives: Objective – KPI – Target – Time - Owner 2. Leading or lagging ? – depends on the context SESSION REVIEW 85
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Institute 2015 • Australian Federal Government (2011), Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency annual report 2010–11. Available at: http://www.climatechange.gov.au/about-us/annual-reports/annual- report-2010-11 • Australian National Audit Office (1998), Better practice principles for performance information, available at: http://www.anao.gov.au/Publications/Better-Practice-Guides • Charted Accountants Professionals Canada (2010), Performance indicators. Available at: http://www.camagazine.com/archives/print-edition/2010/march/regulars/camagazine34812.aspx • International Association of Oil & Gas Producer (2011), Process safety – recommended practice on Key Performance Indicators. Available at: http://www.ogp.org.uk/pubs/456.pdf • International Customer Management Institute (n.d.), Leading and Lagging Indicators. Available at: http://www.icmi.com/files/ICMILeading_LaggingIndicatorsExplained.pdf • Public Record Office Victoria, Australia (2010), Strategic management guidelines: Key Performance Indicators. Available at: http://prov.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/1010g3.pdf • WACOSS (2011), Qualitative vs. quantitative data collection. Available at: http://www.wacoss.org.au/CommunitySectorFundingReform/Resources/Fundingreformconsidering/ QualitativeQuantitative.aspx • Western Australia Police (2005), General Audit. Available at: http://www.police.wa.gov.au/LinkClick.aspx?link=PDFs/AR05_Performance.pdf&tabid=935 REFERENCES 86
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Institute 2015 REVIEW DAY 1 – CROSSWORD Scenario • You are split in teams, with the objective of finding out the crosswords from the next slide. Tasks • Identify the 10 words hidden behind letters from the next slide; • All words connect to the previous day key concepts. 87
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Institute 2015 REVIEW DAY 1 – CROSSWORD A S L E A D I N G E T G G V D E R A C K B E K K G Q T I L O S Z Q L I N D E C Q B C Q P P M K Q E D A F O B J E C T I V E I A Q D M H R O I L R D Y C A B O N A S O A R S N B B M D F N Q A S C V B I S Q E Y P V B N M L Q H C G I L A A A L L H U J S C W B H O A A S S G T Y S T N O L E Z C A X S C K D X E N I C D V B M D P E R F O R M A N C E U I I F C R M K O C V B K A U V E X S W E D X R T Y U N L D V J M D A N M I O I I E V R Y T E O E G H J D O Q E R T Y U I O P C Y N R E W Q R A S W V E R I U D A S H B O A R D R N N R T C Y I Z X I V B N C T A S C V B N M J H K D I X A A A C G H E K L O A R I U Y T R E W Q S D G T J L F L F J H W F D S T E A S C O R E C A R D I I P O C E T S R T D N G O W C M N B V C U P O L U A T R A Q Y E L H G F S R Q Q W E R T Y U I O P K T H L A G G I N G E S S D D G F L A G G I N G W U I O P E L T J H G F D S A F A S D F G L H Q A Z E V W C R V B N H G F D E W G V B N M P L O I U Y R E W Q U W L I X A T I Z E H 88
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Institute 2015 • Apple (2011), Environmental responsibility. Available at: http://www.apple.com/environment/ • Australian National Audit Office (2011), Development and implementation of Key Performance Indicators to support the outcomes and programs framework. Available at: http://www.anao.gov.au/~/media/Uploads/Audit%20Reports/2011%2012/201112%20Audit%20Report%20 No%205.pdf • Body Media Fit (2015), Activity Manager. Available at: http://www.bodymedia.com/?whence= • Clebsch, B., Dougherty, J. D., and Anderson, G. (2004), Management by fact: Benchmarking university IT services. Available at: http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/management-fact-benchmarking- university-it-services • Felton, N. (2013), Annual report. Available at http://feltron.com/FAR13_11.html • Godrejinfotech.com (2010), Products. Available at: http://www.godrejinfotech.com/godrej/godrejinfotech/offerings/products/sap/pro_sap_busiObj.html • KPI Institute (2014), Human Resources Performance Management Toolkit. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/medical-practice-performance-management-system-toolkit.html • KPI Institute (2015), Individual Performance Management Toolkit. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/individual-performance-management-toolkit.html • Oak Ride Institute for Science and Education (2005), Performance measurement process. Available at: http://www.orau.gov/pbm/handbook/1-1.pdf • Texas State University (n.d.), Global service level objectives. Available at: http://www.tr.txstate.edu/ser-cat/sc-object.html • Western Australia Department of Treasury and Finance (2005), 2004-05 Procurement Reform benefits realisation report REFERENCES 89
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Institute 2015 90 AGENDA Key Learning Points 4 KPI Selection 1. KPI selection in practice 2. KPI selection sources 3. KPI selection techniques 4. KPI selection criteria 1. Design a well structured KPI selection process; 2. Recognize useful KPI selection sources; 3. Deploy KPI selection techniques.
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Institute 2015 ALLOCATE KPIS FOR EACH OBJECTIVE Financial Increase profitability Maintain financial discipline Customer Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction Expand medical service reach Internal Processes Optimize facilities management Improve patient waiting times People, Learning & Growth Nurture engagement, creativity and innovation Develop workforce skills and competences Ensure talent availability No. KPIs list 1 $ Operating expenses 2 % Employees meeting professional development requirements 3 # Complaints from customers 4 # New patients 5 % Budget variance 6 # Innovation ideas 7 # Employee engagement index 8 # Training hours per full time equivalent (FTE) 9 % Market share 10 % Net profit margin 11 # Patient wait time 12 $ Net cash flow 13 % Hospital bed occupancy rate 14 # Positions filled 15 % Customer satisfaction 16 # Available beds 17 % Critical positions with succession plans in place 18 % Patients seen by the doctor within SLA 91
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Institute 2015 KPI SELECTION PROCESS AND TEHNIQUES 1 2 3 2 Scope clarifications KPI expo KPI clustering Prepare for KPI selection Facilitate the KPI selection KPI selection workshop Relevant questions framing Value flow analysis KPI balancing KPI documentation First performance review meeting Follow up on KPI selection 1 2 3 92
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Institute 2015 SCOPE CLARIFICATIONS 1 2 3 WHAT Defining what needs to be measured: WHY Channels the selection process on a clear path with specified scope and outputs expected. Objectives Processes Scorecard Dashboard 93
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Institute 2015 KPI SELECTION SOURCES Workshop 1 2 3 KPI Sources External lists Management Board Industry standards Benchmarking Competitors Historical data Workshop Compliance 94
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Institute 2015 KPI SELECTION SOURCES 1 2 3 SECONDARY INTERNAL EXTERNAL PRIMARY • Strategic development plan (3-5 years) • Annual business / strategic plan • Annual reports • Internal operational reports • Competitor review reports • Printed catalogues • Online catalogues (http://www.smartkpis.com/) • Annual reports of other organizations (KPIs in Practice) • Front-line employees input • Managers input • Board input • Suppliers input • Customers input • Expert advice • Questions in discussion forums 95
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Institute 2015 KPI EXPO 1 2 3 WHAT • Collection, curation and presentation of relevant KPI examples. WHY HOW • Consolidating lists from external sources, like smartKPIs.com. • Using internal sources to identify KPIs, like operational reports. Informs Educates Inspires 96
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Institute 2015 KPI CLUSTERING WHAT Grouping KPIs in different categories: • Balanced Scorecard perspectives; • Objectives; • Dashboard sections; • Value Flow Analysis stages; • Process steps. WHY • Enables alignment and identification of possible gaps. 1 2 3 97
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Institute 2015 KPI CLUSTERING 1 Scenario: • You are part of the management team operating in the healthcare industry. • The board asks you to present 5 KPIs you will be using to track the performance of the organization. Task: • Write down 5 KPIs you would recommend. • Use one single post-it note for each KPI (5 post-it notes per team). 1 2 3 98
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Institute 2015 RELEVANT QUESTIONS FRAMING 1 2 3 WHY? • Focus on the importance and relevancy of context Examples: • What numbers will demonstrate the objectives achievement? • What process are we going through and how long will it take? • What will we learn from the data? • What matters? • So what? 99
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Institute 2015 RELEVANT QUESTIONS FRAMING 4 FAQs During the KPI selection workshop Questions to prepare in case they are asked What are the most relevant sources for KPI selection? How many KPIs should we select? What will we do with KPI results? What is the order of importance in which the KPI selection sources should be analyzed? What is the procedure for validating the KPIs selected? What efforts are required for data gathering for each KPI? Who should participate in the KPI selection process? What process are we going through and how long will it take? What will we learn from the data? What is the ideal format for KPI selection process? What figures will reflect the achievement of company objectives? How do we link KPI results with bonuses? What are the most relevant criteria for the KPI selection? What sort of data we need to keep track of to ensure informed decision making? What are we trying to achieve by setting up KPIs? What matters? 1 2 3 100
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Institute 2015 VALUE FLOW ANALYSIS WHAT? • Logical model to indicate the value generation from inputs, process outputs and outcomes. WHY? • Gain insight into how the objective can be measured from different perspectives. • Provides an overview of the process involved by achieving the objective. • Enables the selection of the most relevant KPIs for the objective. 1 2 3 101
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Institute 2015 VALUE FLOW ANALYSIS Optimize inpatient inflows % Bed occupancy rate % Bed turnover $ Operating costs $ Revenue per bed INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS OUTCOMESOBJECTIVES # Medical staff available # Hospital beds # Patients discharged per day # Length of stay 102
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Institute 2015 INPUT METRICS • Measure the quantity/quality of input resources to organizational activities. • Generally include: human resources, financial resources infrastructure. • Examples: Human Resources: # Employees, # Physicians, # Clinical trial implementation team Financial Resources: $ Budget, # Grants, $ Bank loans Infrastructure: # Medical equipment available, # Length of stay Source: Adapted from Performance monitoring indicators handbook - World Bank Technical Paper, No 334 INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES 103
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Institute 2015 PROCESS METRICS • Measure the quantity/quality of the activities required to provide certain expected outputs. • Generally include: transformation in terms of time and utilization rates. • Examples: Time: % On-time delivery vaccination, # Time to finalize task Utilization: % Equipment utilization rate, # Ambulance response time Source: Adapted from Performance monitoring indicators handbook - World Bank Technical Paper, No 334 INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES 104
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Institute 2015 OUTPUT METRICS • Measure the quantity/quality of the goods or services created or provided through the use of inputs; • They generally include quantifiable results. • Examples: # Patients vaccinated # Treatments delivered # Surgeries performed # Examinations completed Source: Adapted from Performance monitoring indicators handbook - World Bank Technical Paper, No 334 INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES 105
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Institute 2015 OUTCOME / IMPACT METRICS • Measure the quantity/quality of the results achieved through the provision of goods and services. • They generally include: added value, impact. • Examples: Impact: % Incidence of disease, % Mortality rate Added value: $ Savings generated by innovation ideas, # Patient satisfaction index, % Net promoter score Source: Adapted from Performance monitoring indicators handbook - World Bank Technical Paper, No 334 INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES 106
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Institute 2015 VALUE FLOW ANALYSIS Objective INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT OUTCOMES Ensure population immunization $ Budget # Doctors % On time delivery of vaccination programs # Population vaccinated % Incidence of disease % Mortality rate Maintain high compliance levels with regulations $ Budget # Audit team # Time to complete an internal audit # Non- compliances found % Compliance rate with regulations Provide effective emergency services $ Budget # Ambulances # ER medical staff available # Time to reach an emergency call % Patients seen in < 15 minutes after requesting help % Mortality rate on emergency calls 107
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Institute 2015 1 # Innovation champions in each area 4 # Staff in the innovation program team 7 $ Value generated by innovation ideas 10 % Innovation ideas funded 2 # Innovation focus groups 5 # Time to evaluate an idea 8 % Ideas evaluated within the SLA target of 2 weeks 11 % Innovation ideas implemented 3 # Patents 6 $ Budget 9 % Innovation ideas evaluated 12 % Innovation ideas that generated value Objective: Operate in an environment that fosters creativity and innovation VALUE FLOW ANALYSIS Input Process Output Outcome 1 2 3 108
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Institute 2015 VALUE FLOW ANALYSIS Scenario: • Select one objective of your choice. Tasks: • Write at least 2 input, 2 process, 2 output and 2 outcome metrics. • Select from these metrics 2-3 KPIs to measure the achievement of the objective. • Propose 1-2 initiatives to address the implementation of the objectives. 1 2 3 109
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Institute 2015 KPI BALANCING WHAT • Quality assurance technique consisting in selecting at least 2 KPIs for the same objective. WHY? • To avoid focusing on certain KPIs at the expense of others. • To provide a wider perspective upon actual performance. 1 2 3 110
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Institute 2015 Write the correct KPI number under each objective, in order to assure a balanced approach. KPI BALANCING 6 FAs Objectives No. KPIs Ambulance services A. Provide timely ambulatory services 1 # Surgeries conducted 2 # Flue cases 3 % Diagnosis accuracy Surgery services B. Ensure reliable surgery services 4 # Ambulances available 5 # Discharges per day 6 # Time to conduct a laboratory test Facilities management C. Optimize inpatient flow 7 % Unplanned readmission rate 8 % Population vaccinated 9 % Ambulance reaching patients within SLA Medical laboratory D. Provide timely and accurate diagnosis 10 % Post surgery infections Preventive healthcare E. Increase the citizens immunity 1 2 3 111
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Institute 2015 KPI BALANCING Leading Lagging # Incidents of non-compliance # Fatal accidents # Training hours per FTE % Employees with competencies at desired level Efficiency Effectiveness $ New customers acquisition cost # New customers # Call duration % First call resolution rate Quantity Quality # Maintenance requests resolved % Maintenance requests resolved within SLA # Ideas expressed % Ideas implemented Subjectivity Objectivity # Patient satisfaction # Patient complaints received % Net promoter score # Clients from referrals 1 2 3 112
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Institute 2015 Source: Heinrich, H.W. (1931) 4 KPI BALANCING 1 2 3 113
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Institute 2015 KPI SELECTION WORKSHOP 1 2 3 WHY • Collective intelligence insights • Learning • Buy-in WHO • Clients • Suppliers • Employees • Board • Management • Facilitators 114
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Institute 2015 KPI SELECTION WORKSHOP 1 2 3 Agenda Topics Context (60 minutes) 5 Agenda and meeting scope review 5 Needs review 10 Terminology and KPI format clarification 20 Selection process and tool review 20 Sample Value Flow Analysis (VFA) as a model Selection activities (140 minutes) 60 Interactive VFA team exercises 60 Consolidation of KPI wall 20 List revision based on filtering criteria Review and closing (40 minutes) 20 Review of draft 10 Answering questions 10 Clarifying next steps 240 minutes 115
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Institute 2015 FOLLOW UP ON KPI SELECTION 1 2 3 KPI documentation • KPI measurement limitations • Cost benefit analysis First performance review meeting • Review and reconsider some KPIs that may prove inefficient to measure and report in practice. 116
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Institute 2015 KPI SELECTION CRITERIA Performance criteria found in practice: • Attainable • Complete • Direct • Incentivized • Practical • Reliable • Specific • Tested • Time bound • Useful for management Relevant Clearly defined Balanced Performance criteria recommended: 117
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Institute 2015 1. KPI selection sources: internal and external, primary and secondary. 2. Main KPI selection techniques: • KPI expo; • KPI clustering; • Value Flow Analysis; • KPI balancing; • KPI selection workshop. 3. KPI selection criteria: clearly defined, balanced, relevant. SESSION REVIEW 118
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Institute 2015 • SmartKPIs.com (2015), KPI examples. Available at: http://www.smartkpis.com/kpi_examples/dashboard/ • Heinrich, H.W. (1931), Industrial accident prevention: A scientific approach. Available at: http://www.worldcat.org/title/industrial-accident-prevention-a-scientific-approach/oclc/3493629 REFERENCES 119
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Institute 2015 120 AGENDA Key Learning Points 5 KPI Documentation and Target Setting 1. KPI documentation form design and functions 2. KPI documentation process 3. Target setting approaches 1. Design a KPI documentation form; 2. Identify sources of information to document a KPI; 3. Set relevant targets by using a variety of information sources.
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM FUNCTIONS Ensure understanding of KPI measurement Facilitates communication through standardisation Activation prerequisite Automation enabler Knowledge management Educates stakeholders (KPI owners, data custodians) Contributes to buy-in by involving the stakeholders 121
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION WHAT • Identify metadata fields • Fill in the required fields for each KPI WHY • Simplify communication • Alignment • “Setting the rules” HOW • Standardized KPI documentation form Benefits of the organizational KPI Library • Top performers are 53% more likely than the industry average to maintain a library of KPI examples and 39% promote the use of performance management to their employees. Source: SmartKPIs.com (2015) Source: Aberdeen (2011) 122
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM DESIGN Form sections Fields Identification Name, number, functional area Definition and usage Definition, link to strategic objective Calculation Sub-measures, formula, trend Orientation Meaning, impact, implementation level, indicator type Purpose Link to strategic objective Data profile Automation, frequency, time-lag, integrity, limitations Targets Intervals, benchmarking fit Administration Owner, custodian, source 123
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM (1) Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 124
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM (2) Source: Ontario Buys (2009) 125 Positive aspects: A comprehensive 2-3 pages documentation form; Recommendations: A table format for the document is recommended. Comments: Other fields, besides the ones present in the right image are: • Rational (the need for this KPI); • Benefits; • Underlying leading practices; • Relevancy; • Target considerations (establishment and impact with other metrics); • Related metrics and standards; • Implementation (calculation parameters, formula, what to include and exclude ) • Data accessibility; • Data source; • Implementation challenges.
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM (3) Source: HSE (2012) 126 Positive aspects: Proper display of information – using a 1 page table, while providing the critical information for KPI measurement. Recommendations: Standardize KPI names. Comments: • The use of predefined checklist, to standardize response options; • The insert of hyperlinks in the documents to redirect the reader to additional information; • Provides direct contact details, such email addresses.
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION FORM Source: The KPI Institute (2014) • Organizations use on average 12 different fields to document a KPI • The most popular fields are: 21 19 18 13 12 11 8 7 7 6 0 5 10 15 20 25 Name Definition Calculation formula Data source KPI ID record Purpose Targets/ Thresholds Subordinate measures used for calculation Limitations Standard reporting frequency 127
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Institute 2015 KPI DOCUMENTATION PROCESS Review internal literature Review external resources Consult with staff collecting or using the data Present to KPI owner for approval Review and approve by KPI architect / SME / Strategy Manager Approve by management team Add to organizational KPI library 3 4 5 6 1 2 7 128
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Institute 2015 THE ORGANIZATIONAL KPI LIBRARY Process Design the initial KPI documentation form Update KPI documentation forms Review, update and sign-off KPI documentation forms Approve Centralize all KPI documentation forms in a KPI library Governance Strategy Office / KPI implementation team Data custodians KPI data owners Top management Strategy Office / KPI implementation team 3 4 5 1 2 129
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Institute 2015 PRACTICE KPI DOCUMENTATION 130
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Institute 2015 WORKING WITH TARGETS • Show the desired result level for KPIs • Represent the starting point in the measuring and analysis process (comparing to actual / desired level) • Impact behavior WHY The Goal Setting Theory (Ed Locke, Gary Latham) Working with Targets 131
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Institute 2015 TARGET SETTING PROCESS Consultations in target setting should start with the top management. As KPIs are active and data is gathered, targets may be reviewed and recalibrated Targets need to be adjusted periodically as the internal and external environment of the company is in a permanent change. 132
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Institute 2015 TARGET SETTING SOURCES Contextual Analysis Internal Benchmarking External Benchmarking External analysis (market trends) Historical records Working with Targets 133
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Institute 2015 TARGET SETTING APPROACHES Top-down 134
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Institute 2015 TARGET SETTING APPROACHES Bottom-up # Turn time 15 min Pre-flight check 5 min. Meal & beverage provisioning 5 min. Passenger boarding and deplaning 10 min. Cargo loading and unloading 10 min. Cabin grooming 3 min. Fuelling 5 min. • Some activities can take place in the same time like cabin grooming and cargo loading or unloading, allowing the process to be more efficient 135
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Institute 2015 TARGET SETTING APPROACHES Establishing thresholds Set target value Determine trend • Increasing • Decreasing • Within range Establish thresholds • Above target • In tolerance range • Below target Define each threshold 136
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Institute 2015 KPIS TREND Increasing Within range Decreasing 137
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Institute 2015 KPI THRESHOLDS Popular methodologies to express thresholds Traffic light: • 2 points scale Meets or exceeds target Below target • 3 points scale Meets or exceeds target Acceptable range Far below target • 4 points scale Above target Meets target Acceptable range Far below target 138
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Institute 2015 KPI THRESHOLDS Perspective / Strategic Objectives / KPIs SRF Actual result Target Thresholds Status Financial Ensure financial stability $ Revenue M 10,500 10,000 >10,000 9,000-10,000 <9,000 Customers Maintain high level of patient satisfaction % Patient satisfaction Q 65% 80% >80% 70-80% <70% Internal Processes Ensure timely services # Waiting time for consultation M 20 30 <30 30-35 >35 People, Learning and Growth Develop staff competencies # Training hours per employee Y 30 24 24-28 20-24; 28-32 <20; >32 139
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Institute 2015 CHALLENGES IN WORKING WITH TARGETS Technical • Historical data does not exist; • Accuracy of forecasts or analysis on which targets are set; • The use of benchmarking data; • Assigning weights. Social • Targets are perceived either too high or too low; • Targets are imposed, not established collaboratively; • Negative behaviors driven by target setting. 140
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Institute 2015 Which negative behaviors are associated with performance based pay? Allocate the correct number in front of each statement. CHALLENGES IN WORKING WITH TARGETS Match Description No. Behavior Establishing lower targets than the realistic level estimated as possible. 1 Gaming Looking after the achievement of own targets, without consideration of the implications for other areas in the organization. 2 Sandbagging Disregarding environmental and safety considerations in the process of meeting targets. 3 Tunnel behavior Influencing results through unapproved means to ensure target achievement. 4 Unethical behavior 141
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Institute 2015 1. KPI documentation form functions are to: • Provide an easier understanding of KPIs; • Facilitate communication; • Prepare KPIs activation; • Enable automation; • Ensure knowledge management; • Educate stakeholders; • Contribute to buy-in; 2. Most important fields in a KPI documentation form: name, definition, calculation formula, target, data source, data owner, data custodian. 3. Challenges in working with targets: sandbagging, tunnel behavior, unethical behavior and gaming. SESSION REVIEW 142
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Institute 2015 • Aberdeen Group (2011), Enterprise performance management. Available at: http://www.aberdeen.com/Aberdeen-Library/6659/RA-enterprise-performance-management.aspx, • The KPI Institute (2014), KPI documentation forms research study Images: • HSE (2012), KPI guidelines. Available at: http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/Publications/corporate/performancereports/kpiguidelines2012.pdf • Khaled, A., Sanjoy, K. P., Ripon, K. and Salahuddin A. (2011), Selection of suppliers through different multi-criteria decision making techniques. Available at: journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/download/479/426 • KPI Institute (2014), Human Resources Performance Management Toolkit. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/medical-practice-performance-management-system-toolkit.html • Ontario Buys (2009), Performance measurement. Phase II - User guide. Available at: http://www.doingbusiness.mgs.gov.on.ca/mbs/psb/psb.nsf/Attachments/BPSPerformMeasurePhaseII- UserGuide-pdf-eng/$FILE/perf_meas_userguide-eng.pdf • SmartKPIs.com (2015), Net promoter score. Available at: http://www.smartkpis.com/kpi-key- performance-indicator/net-promoter-score-1303.html REFERENCES 143
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Institute 2015 144 AGENDA Key Learning Points 6 Data Gathering and Visualization 1. KPI activation process 2. KPI activation tools and techniques 3. Scorecards and dashboards design 1. Identify data quality dimensions; 2. Use KPI activation techniques and tools; 3. Design effective data visualization tools.
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Institute 2015 IDENTIFY DATA QUALITY ISSUES KPI Name Actual Result Department Data Custodian Position Submission date Submission deadline # Time to fill a vacant position 35 HR Allan Smith Finance Manager 29-05-14 01-06-14 % Employee satisfaction 89% HR Allan Smith Finance Manager 28-05-14 01-06-14 % Return on capital employed (ROCE) 5% Finance Allan Smith Finance Manager 30-05-14 01-06-14 # Caseload per physician 55 Operations Dan McKenny Operations Manager 29-05-14 01-06-14 % Net promoter score Marketing Joe Linch Marketing Manager 25-05-14 01-06-14 % Patients retention 10% Marketing Joe Linch Marketing Manager 28-05-14 01-06-14 % Contracts signed 234 Logistics Julien Harrison Logistics Manager 02-06-14 01-06-14 # Consultation rooms available 4 Operations Dan McKenny Operations Manager 25-05-14 01-06-14 $ Consultation time 30 Operations Dan McKenny Operations Manager 27-05-14 01-06-14 % Brand awareness 50% Marketing Joe Linch Marketing Manager 27-05-14 01-06-14 % Suppliers accounting for 80% of spending 10% Logistics Julien Harrison Logistics Manager 27-05-14 01-06-14 You have received the following data to compile a report. You are requested to perform a quick data audit and identify possible issues. 145
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Institute 2015 Data quality Timeliness Completeness Consistency Conformity Uniqueness Accuracy DATA QUALITY DIMENSIONS Is all the necessary data present? Is the data available at the time needed? Are there no duplicate records for the same data? Does data reflect the real world objects or a verifiable source? Is the data compliant with the format, type and range requested? Is the data presenting the same values in different systems? 146
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Institute 2015 DATA QUALITY DIMENSIONS Most common challenges: Completeness Availability AccuracyTimeliness 147
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Institute 2015 THE KPI ACTIVATION / DATA GATHERING PROCESS 1 • Meet with data custodians 2 • Secure activation budget 3 • Design the data gathering template 4 • Communicate the template to data custodians 5 • Send KPI data gathering notification 6 • Send reminder email 7 • Receive data KPI activation On-going data gathering process 148
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Institute 2015 DATA GATHERING GOVERNANCE KPI Owner • Responsible to reach KPI targets Data Custodian • Responsible to gather data for KPIs Report Generator This role can be taken by: • Data custodian • KPI owner • A third party within the organization (e.g. data analyst, strategy/performance manager) 149
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Institute 2015 DISCOVER DATA CUSTODIAN ROLES Analyze KPI measurement options Reach the targets for the KPIs Document KPIs Select KPIs Activate KPIs Take decisions based on KPI results Cascade KPIs to lower organizational levels Find solutions for inactive KPIs Ensure quality of data gathered: compliance with measurement methodology, accuracy and timeliness of submission Update KPI documentation forms 150
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Institute 2015 KPI DATA GATHERING SOURCES SourcesSurveys ERP Internal Operations Benchmarking reports External entities (accreditations, ratings) # Customer satisfaction # Employee engagement Universities Hospitals SAP Oracle Production reports HSSE observation sheets External benchmarking reports 151
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TOOLS Data gathering process map Data gathering template KPI documentation form Source: The KPI Institute (2015) 1 3 2 152
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TOOLS Data gathering process map 11 3 2 Source: The KPI Institute (2015) 153
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TOOLS Data gathering template 1 3 2 Source: The KPI Institute (2015) 154
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TOOLS KPI Documentation form 1 3 2 Source: The KPI Institute (2015) 155
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION / GATHERING TECHNIQUES Meeting KPI data custodians in person Involving data custodians in a community of practice Sending reminder email 1 3 2 After KPI activation, involving data custodians in a community of practice and sending a reminder email become part of an on-going process to gather data. 156
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TECHNIQUES Meeting KPI data custodians in person Maritz Institute - 3 main benefits for conducting face to face meetings: Source: EQAVET (n.d.) 1 3 2 Inspires a positive attitude Strengthens human networks and business relationships Captures attention 157
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TECHNIQUES Involving data custodians in a community of practice Source: EQAVET (n.d.) • Provides a common platform for data custodians to communicate and share work related experience; • Stimulates learning by supplying a medium for sharing best practices and tutoring; 1 3 2 • Creates collaborative processes that add value and maximize data custodian efficiency. 158
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Institute 2015 KPI ACTIVATION TECHNIQUES Custodian name # KPIs to report # KPIs already reported on KPIs not reported on yet Due date Status Comment John Doe 8 8 none 13-Jan-15 Submitted Ann Smith 9 8 % Ambulance service budget out of total operational budget 13-Jun-15 Outstanding Emory Lafayette 5 3 % Profit rate, $ Revenue per patient 13-Jun-15 Outstanding Carlos Mendoza 6 5 % Successful treatments delivered 13-Jun-15 Outstanding Ahmed Alsaudi 5 3 # Visits per patient, # Physicians per shift 13-Jun-15 Outstanding Luis Ramirez 4 3 # Emergency room patient wait time 13-Jun-15 Outstanding Anthony Gleason 2 0 # Medical service quality rating, % Treatment price variance from market average 13-Jun-15 Not submitted Mike Myers 1 0 % Market share 13-Jun-15 Not submitted Sending reminder email 1 3 2 159
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Institute 2015 DATA COLLECTION METHODS • Manual - Microsoft Excel • Automated: Off-the shelf software; Custom-designed software. Source: Gartner (2015) 160
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Institute 2015 Source: Spider Strategies (2015) SPIDER STRATEGIES 161
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Institute 2015 SOFTWARE SPOTLIGHT 162
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Institute 2015 DATA VISUALIZATION GUIDELINES Graphical Representation Checklist: Is it necessary that the viewer makes his own calculations? Is data missing? Are the axes visible enough? Do lines intersect the data? Is there an informative title? Are all tags correctly associated with the graph elements? Are there too many dimensions in the graph? Are there scales for all axes included? Is 0 included in all line graphs? Source: Hichert (2006) 163Data Visualization
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Institute 2015 DATA VISUALIZATION GUIDELINES Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 164
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Institute 2015 COMMONLY USED GRAPHS IN PRACTICE 165 Bar charts Bullet graphs Dial charts Line charts Pie charts Sparkline 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Institute 2015 BAR CHARTS Source: Adapted from Adecco (2013) 166 0 5 10 15 20 25 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Revenues (EUR billions) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Australia & New Zealand Switzerland LHH Iberia Nordics Italy Benelux Japan Germany & Austria UK & Ireland Emerging markets North America France 2013 Revenue split by segment (%) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Branch managers Senior managers All managers Gender distribution in 2013 (%) Female Male Column chart Bar chart Stacked-bar chart For comparing individual values 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5
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Institute 2015 BULLET GRAPH Source: Adapted from Centrelink (2010) To compare actual results with targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 % Community satisfaction % Medical practitioner satisfaction % Practice manager satisfaction % Pharmacist satisfaction 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Thresholds (Under target, within tolerance limits, above targets) Target Actual performance Data 167
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Institute 2015 DIAL CHARTS Source: Adapted from http://dashboard.virginiadot.org/default.aspx 168 Useful for signalling threshold values 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Institute 2015 LINE CHART Source: Adapted from Unilever (2013) 169 Useful for tracking trends 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Net profit margin (%) 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Net profit (EUR million)
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Institute 2015 PIE CHART 170 Useful for comparing different parts of a whole 1 2 3 4 5 6 51%49% % Net sales by segment Hardware (1,140 € m) Software (1,099 € m) 15% 13% 29% 43% % Net sales by segment Asia / Pacific / Africa (332 € m) Americas (304 € m) Germany (644 € m) Europe (959 € m) 67% 33% % Net sales by segment Banking (1,497 € m) Retail (742 € m)
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Institute 2015 SPARKLINE Source: Adapted from United States Office of Personnel (2012), 171 Useful for showing data trends in a condensed manner 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Institute 2015 SPARKLINES & BULLET GRAPHS DASHBOARD 172 1 3 4 5 6 2
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Equinox Center (2014) 173 3D Pie chart Donut chart Crowded graphs Scales from 0 Background 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from Adecco (2014) 174 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 2 3 4 5 3D or not?
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from Adecco (2014) 175 3D or not? 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 2 3 4 5 51 62 71 77 82
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from Word Bank (2014) 176 Avoid 3D graphics 1 2 3 4 5 6 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure 19.4% 19.3% 18.6% 17.9% Canada 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure 14.7% 12.8% 13.4% 13.2% Singapore 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure 25.6% 25.9% 25.1% 23.9% United States 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure 16.6% 16.2% 14.0% 15.9% India 19.4% 19.3% 18.6% 17.9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure Canada 14.7% 12.8% 13.4% 13.2% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure Singapore 25.6% 25.9% 25.1% 23.9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure United States 25.6% 25.9% 25.1% 23.9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Health expenditure India
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from US Government (2014) 177 Pie charts: Inefficient use of space 1 2 3 4 5 6 Healthcare, 27% Pensions, 25% Defense, 22% Wefare, 11% Interest, 6% Education, 3% Transportation, 3% Protection, 1% General Government , 1%Other spending, 1% Federal Spending for United States (2014) 27% 25% 22% 11% 6% 3% 3% 1% 1% 1% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Healthcare Pensions Defense Wefare Interest Education Transportation Protection General Government Other spending Federal Spending for United States (2014)
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from Astra Zeneca (2012) 178 Doughnut charts = an ink saving version of pie-charts 1 4 5 6 21% 27% 39% 13% 2011 Base salary Bonus PSP AZIP Fixed Variable 20% 32% 36% 12% 2010 Base salary Bonus PSP AZIP Fixed Variable 19% 34% 29% 18% 2009 Base salary Bonus PSP AZIP Fixed Variable 26% 32% 31% 11% 2011 Base salary Bonus PSP AZIP Fixed Variable 24% 36% 30% 10% 2010 Base salary Bonus PSP AZIP Fixed Variable 23% 35% 26% 16% 2009 Base salary Bonus PSP AZIP Fixed Variable 3 2
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from MuRata (2014) 179 Avoid crowded graphs 1 2 3 4 5 6 ¥0.0 ¥50.0 ¥100.0 ¥150.0 ¥200.0 ¥250.0 ¥300.0 Sales by product 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Too much information on one graph creates confusion and relevant data is no longer visible.
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: MuRata (2014) 180 Avoid crowded graphs 1 2 3 4 5 6 *The black line represents the average value of the 5 analyzed years *The green column represents the average sales value of all products ¥0.0 ¥50.0 ¥100.0 ¥150.0 ¥200.0 ¥250.0 ¥300.0 2010 ¥0.0 ¥50.0 ¥100.0 ¥150.0 ¥200.0 ¥250.0 ¥300.0 2011 ¥0.0 ¥50.0 ¥100.0 ¥150.0 ¥200.0 ¥250.0 ¥300.0 2012 ¥0.0 ¥50.0 ¥100.0 ¥150.0 ¥200.0 ¥250.0 ¥300.0 2013 ¥0.0 ¥50.0 ¥100.0 ¥150.0 ¥200.0 ¥250.0 ¥300.0 2014
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Hichert (2006) 181 “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” – Leonardo DaVinci 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from Luftansa (2014) 182 Scales should start from 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Capital expenditure and cash flow form operating activities (EUR million) Capital expenditure Cash flow from operating activities 2,405 2,273 2,566 2,359 2,499 1,991 2,992 2,356 2,842 3,290 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Capital expenditure and cash flow form operating activities (EUR million) Capital expenditure Cash flow from operating activities
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Institute 2015 USABILITY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN Source: Adapted from United Stated Census Bureau (2008) 183 Background 1 2 3 4 5 6 65.0% 62.5% 70.0% 66.5% 59.4% 64.8% 62.4% 69.3% 66.5% 59.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% United States Northeast Midwest South West Homeownership Rates by Region First quarter 2013 First quarter 2014 65.0% 62.5% 70.0% 66.5% 59.4% 64.8% 62.4% 69.3% 66.5% 59.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% United States Northeast Midwest South West Homeownership Rates by Region First quarter 2013 First quarter 2014 65.0% 62.5% 70.0% 66.5% 59.4%64.8% 62.4% 69.3% 66.5% 59.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% United States Northeast Midwest South West Homeownership Rates by Region First quarter 2013 First quarter 2014 Strong colors are not recommended for backgrounds. Avoid using strong gridlines, as they hinder visibility of data. Recommended visual representation
184.
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Institute 2015 KPI TOOLKIT SPOTLIGHT: BALANCED SCORECARD Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 184
185.
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Institute 2015 IN PRACTICE: SCORECARD Medicare Australia BSC Source: Medicare Australia (2009) 185 • The BSC perspectives can be adapted; • 6 perspectives identified: Financial, Services, Internal Business Processes, Growth and Development, People, Social and Environment; • For more consistency, the target field should be the last one, not inserted between actual results.
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Institute 2015 Imperial College Healthcare, UK Source: Imperial College Healthcare, UK (n.d.) 186 • Clustering KPIs under relevant objectives adds structure to the data provided; • An additional field that illustrates previous results enables better trend analysis and comparison; • Color codes are used in order to understand the information in a more efficient manner. IN PRACTICE: SCORECARD
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Institute 2015 NYS Office of Mental Health Source: New York State Office of Mental Health (2015) 187 • Current and past target achievements are illustrated • Differentiating between KPIs and objectives helps improve the performance reporting process • Standardization provides a clear segmentation between KPIs and objectives IN PRACTICE: SCORECARD
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Institute 2015 Alberta Health Services, Canada Source: Alberta Health Services (2012) 188 • The table is easy to read; • The “status” column provides useful information regarding the KPIs which require immediate attention; • Actual results are compare to previous results. IN PRACTICE: SCORECARD
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Institute 2015 Hospital Medicine Faculty, University of California Source: University of California (2012) 189 Positive aspects: Targets are clearly stated; the yearly progression of KPIs enables results comparison. Recommendations: The use of a 2 points scale may be too narrow: green - at and above target; pink - below target; Other comments: Given the lack of objectives or goals, the scorecard can be regarded as more of an operational tool. IN PRACTICE: SCORECARD
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Institute 2015 SCORECARD DESIGN Checklist: • Numerical guide (to show if data has been shrink, if this is the case); • Legend; • Eliminate and minimize grids; • Delineate and group data (strategic themes, perspectives, objectives); • Outline status of results ( ≥target, acceptable range,<target); • Provide essential data (not nice to know information); • Align characters appropriately; • Use optimal size font for easy reading. Source: CLIMB (n.d.) 190
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Institute 2015 KPI TOOLKIT SPOTLIGHT: DASHBOARD Source: The KPI Institute (2014) 191
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Institute 2015 IN PRACTICE: DASHBOARD South Australia Health Source: South Australia Health (2013) 192 • Traffic lights point out areas with problems, outlining where actions must be taken. • Colors used have a meaning. • Combines a variety of visual representations that are well positioned in one page.
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Institute 2015 IN PRACTICE: DASHBOARD Source: Department of Health United Kingdom (2013) 193 National Health Services, UK • No contrast background, no strong grids; • Contrast colors for line charts to outline different data sets; • Interactive charts, providing comprehensive details for each set of data. Data Visualization
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Institute 2015 IN PRACTICE: DASHBOARD Source: Health Authority Abu Dhabi (2012) 194 Health Authority Abu Dhabi - UAE • Appropriate use of colors; • Trends can be deducted from the graphs. • Adding measures to the X axes will add clarity to the dashboard.
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Institute 2015 IN PRACTICE: DASHBOARD Source: Spider Strategies (2015) 195 The KPI Institute, Quickscore - SpiderStrategies • Background designed based on thresholds to provide instant understanding of performance results; • Monthly evolution trends.
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Institute 2015 KPI TOOLKIT SPOTLIGHT: PERFORMANCE HEALTHOGRAM 196 Source: The KPI Institute (2014)
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Institute 2015 1. Data quality dimensions: completeness, validity, accuracy, consistency, integrity, timeliness. 2. KPI activation tools: • Data gathering process map; • KPI documentation form; • Data gathering template. 3. KPI activation techniques • Meeting KPI data custodians in person; • Involving data custodians in a community of practice; • Sending reminder email. SESSION REVIEW 197
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Institute 2015 198 1. Scorecards use tables to visualize data, therefore: • It keeps tables simple; • No grids, no strong color combination; • Clusters data based on strategic themes, perspectives or objectives. 2. Dashboards: • Bar charts: to compare individual values; • Bullet graphs: to compare actual results to targets; • Dial charts: to indicate threshold values; • Line charts: to track trends; • Pie charts: to compare different parts of a whole; • Sparklines: to show trends in a condensed manner. 3. Avoid using: • 3D graphs: distort data • Pie and donut charts: inefficient use of space; • Crowded graphs: data is no longer visible; • Strong colors for backgrounds: hinder visibility. SESSION REVIEW
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Institute 2015 • Adecco Group (2013), Annual report 2013. Available at: http://annualreport2013.adecco.com/fileadmin/user_upload/redakteure/ar2013/pdf/Adecco_Group_A R2013.pdf • Astra Zeneca (2012), Annual report 2011. Available at: http://www.astrazeneca- annualreports.com/2011/documents/pdfs/annual_report_pdf_entire.pdf • Centrelink (2010), Annual report 2009-10, available at: http://www.humanservices.gov.au/spw/corporate/publications-and-resources/annual- report/resources/0910/centrelink-annual-report-0910-full-report.pdf • Digital Inspiration (2012), Choose the right chart type for your data, available at: http://www.labnol.org/software/find-right-chart-type-for-your-data/6523/ • Domo (2011), How Fort Worth Police Department uses domo. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKbakXit9H4 • Equinox Center (2014), Quality of life dashboard. Available at: http://www.equinoxcenter.org/assets/files/2014%20Final%20Dashboard%281%29.pdf • EQAVET (n.d.), Mission. Available at: http://www.eqavet.eu/gns/about-eqavet/mission.aspx • Fusion Charts (2013), Line & area charts, available at: http://www.fusioncharts.com/demos/gallery/#line-and-area • Gartner (2015), CIO Agenda insights. Available at: http://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/cio/pdf/cio_agenda_insights2015.pdf • Hichert (2006), Skalen ud deren manipulation, available at: http://www.hichert.com/downloads/success/check/Skalenmanipulation_2006-11.pdf REFERENCES 199
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Institute 2015 • MuRata (2014), Investor relations. Available at: http://www.murata.com/ir/information/sales_product/index.html • SA Health (2013), Emergency department dashboard. Available at: http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/about+us/our+p erformance/our+hospital+dashboards/about+the+emergency+department+dashboard/emergency+depar tment+dashboard • Spider Strategies (2015), QuickScore. Available at: http://www.integerperform.com/kpi-dashboard- balanced-scorecard-software • The KPI Institute (2014), KPIs Infographic. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/key-performance- indicators-infographic.html • Tufte, E. (1983), The visual display of quantitative information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press • Tufte, E. (2001), Presenting data and information, One-day course, September 17, 2001. New York • Unilever (2013), Making sustainable living commonplace, available at: http://www.unilever.com/images/ir_UNI_10-Year_Charts_2013_030314_tcm13-384260.pdf • United Stated Census Bureau (2008), Housing vacancies and homeownership, available at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/hvs/qtr407/graph407.html • United States Government (2014), US Federal Budget Pie. Available at: http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/federal_budget_pie • United States Office of Personnel (2012), Annual performance report 2011. Available at: • World Bank (2014), Data. Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS/countries/1W-DE?display=default REFERENCES 200
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Institute 2015 Images: • Alberta Health Services (2012), Performance Report. Available at: http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/Publications/ahs-pub-pr-2012-03-performance-report.pdf • Gartner (2015), Magic Quadrant. Available at: http://www.gartner.com/technology/reprints.do?id=1- 2AEDBU3&ct=150223&st=sb • Health Authority Abu Dhabi (2012), http://www.haad.ae/haad/tabid/1156/Default.aspx?Cat=1 • Medicare Australia (2010), Annual report 2009-10. Available at: http://www.humanservices.gov.au/spw/corporate/publications-and-resources/annual-report/resources/0910/centrelink- annual-report-0910-full-report.pdf • New York State Office of Mental Health (2015), Balanced Sorecard. Available at: http://bi.omh.ny.gov/scorecard/view • Department of Health United Kingdon (2013), NHS Procurement Dashboard. Available at: • The KPI Institute (2014), Human Resources Performance Management Toolkit. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/medical-practice-performance-management-system-toolkit.html • The KPI Institute (2014), Medical Center Performance Management Toolkit. Available at: http://store.kpiinstitute.org/medical-practice-performance-management-system-toolkit.html • The KPI Institute (2014), Performance Healthogram. Available at: http://kpiinstitute.org/research/about-performance- management/performance-healthogram/ • Victoria Government Procurement (n.d.), Supplier performance scorecard. Available at: http://www.procurement.vic.gov.au/CA2575BA0001417C/WebObj/KPIandSupplierPerformanceScorecardTool(Appendix6)/ $File/KPI%20and%20Supplier%20Performance%20Scorecard%20Tool%20(Appendix%206).XLS • World Bank (2014), World Bank global scorecard. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/CSCARDEXT/Resources/2014_WBG_corporate_scorecard_e-version.pdf • University of California (2013), Division of Hospital Medicine Faculty Balanced Scorecard FY 2012. Available at: http://hospitalmedicine.ucsf.edu/bsc/fy2012.html REFERENCES 201
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Institute 2015 Scenario • You are split in teams, with the objective of recalling as many key concepts as possible, connected to today’s sessions, starting from the central theme of the crossword game. Tasks • The rally race lasts for 3 minutes and team members take turns to run to the board and write down a key term starting from the letters provided by the central theme; • Words can be written as well based on the letters provided by other team members, both vertically and horizontally. • The team who generates as many relevant concepts in the limited timeframe wins the game. REVIEW DAY 2 – RELAY RACE FOR CROSSWORDS 202
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Institute 2015 REVIEW DAY 2 – RELAY RACE FOR CROSSWORDS Example • Consider the following example to understand how key concepts can be build around the central theme (SUMMER) and around other team members ideas. S U N H U O M L M I C E C R E A M D R A Y Working with Targets 203
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Institute 2015 REVIEW DAY 2 – RELAY RACE FOR CROSSWORDS P E R F O R M A N C E 204
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Institute 2015 205 10 takeaways to implement in your organization: 1. Connect your KPIs to strategy. 2. Articulate the KPI selection process – apply techniques like KPI selection workshop, KPI clustering, VFA and KPI balancing. 3. Avoid measuring what is easy to measure or familiar for the organization. 4. Use a balanced approached of performance measurement – Balanced Scorecard. 5. Use both scorecards and dashboards. COURSE REVIEW
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Institute 2015 206 10 takeaways to implement in your organization: 6. Cascade the performance measurement framework down to employee level. 7. Develop the performance measurement capability in the organization. 8. Involve stakeholders in the KPI implementation project. 9. Avoid making irrelevant comparisons through flawed benchmarking. 10. Analyze objectives and KPIs in correlation, not as isolated elements. COURSE REVIEW
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