SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 27
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Prepared by,
Abhay Shripad Joshi
Assistant Professor
Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
abhay.joshirss@gmail.com
SKELATAL SYSTEM
• Bone tissues makes up about 18% of the total
human body weight.
• The skeletal system supports and protects the
body while giving it shape and form.
• Osteology: It is the branch of science that
deals with the study of the skeletal system,
their structure and functions.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
• COMPOSED OF:
-Bones
-Cartilage
-Joints
-Ligaments
FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• SUPPORT: Hard framework that supports and anchors the
soft organs of the body.
• PROTECTION: Surrounds organs such as the brain and
spinal cord.
• MOVEMENT: Allows for muscle attachment therefore the
bones are used as levers.
• STORAGE: Minerals and lipids are stored within bone
material.
• BLOOD CELL FORMATION: The bone marrow is
responsible for blood cell production.
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
• The human skeleton consists of 206 named bones
• Bones of the skeleton are grouped into two principal
divisions:
– Axial skeleton
• Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs,
sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column
– Appendicular skeleton
• Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities),
plus the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the
axial skeleton
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED
ON SHAPE
• Bones can be classified into five types based on
shape:
• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid
CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON
SHAPE
• Long Bones
– Greater length than width and are slightly curved for strength
– Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges
• Short bones
– Cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width
– Carpal, tarsal
• Flat bones
– Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone
tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue
– Cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae
• Irregular bones
– Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous
categories
– Vertebrae, hip bones, some facial bones, calcaneus
• Sesamoid bones
– Protect tendons from excessive wear and tear
– Patellae, foot, hand
THE AXIAL SKELETON
The axial skeleton consists of :
1. Skull.
2. Vertebral column (spinal column).
3. Thoracic cage.
4. Sternum.
THE AXIAL SKELETON
Skull
• The skull is situated on the upper end of vertebral
column and its bony structure is divided into 2 parts.
1. The cranium
2. The face
THE AXIAL SKELETON
A. Cranium:
• It is formed by flat and irregular bones that provides a bony
protection to the brain.
• 1 Frontal Bone
– It forms the forehead, It forms parts of eye sockets
– The coronal suture joins the frontal and parietal bones.
• 2 Parietal Bones
– It form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity, it articulates
with each other at the sagittal suture.
– It joins the frontal bone with coronal suture and occipital
bone with lambdoidal suture and the temporal bones at
the squamous suture.
• 2 Temporal Bones
– These bones lie one on each side of the head and form
immovable joints with the parietal, occipital, sphenoid and
zygomatic bones.
– The temporal bone articulates with the mendible at the
tempo-mandibular joint.
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• 1 Occipital Bone
– It forms back of head and most of the base of the skull.
– It has immovable joints with the parietal, temporal and
sphenoid bones.
• 1 Sphenoid Bone
– It occupies the middle portion of base of skull and it
articulates with the occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal
bones.
• 1 Ethmoid Bone
– It occupies the anterior part of base of the skull and helps to
form the orbital cavity, the nasal septum and the lateral
walls of the nasal cavity.
– It is very delight bone containing many air sinuses that
opens into the nasal cavity.
THE AXIAL SKELETON
THE AXIAL SKELETON
B. The Face (Facial bones)
• Nasal Bones
– Form the bridge of the nose
• Maxillae
– Form the upper jawbone
– Form most of the hard palate
• Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
• Zygomatic Bones
– commonly called cheekbones, form the prominences of the cheeks
• Lacrimal Bones
– Form a part of the medial wall of each orbit
• Palatine Bones
– Form the posterior portion of the hard palate
• Inferior Nasal Conchae
– Form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• Vomer
– Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
• Mandible
– Lower jawbone
– The largest, strongest facial bone
– The only movable skull bone
• Nasal Septum
– Divides the interior of the nasal cavity into right and left sides
– “Broken nose,” in most cases, refers to septal damage rather than the
nasal bones themselves
• Orbits
– Eye socket
• Foramina
– Openings for blood vessels , nerves , or ligaments of the skull
THE AXIAL SKELETON
THE AXIAL SKELETON
Mandible
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• The vertebral column:
• Also called the spine, backbone, or spinal column
• Functions to:
– Protect the spinal cord
– Support the head
– Serve as a point of attachment for the ribs, pelvic girdle,
and muscles
• The vertebral column is curved to varying degrees
in different locations
– Curves increase the column strength
– Help maintain balance in the upright position
– Absorb shocks during walking, and help protect the
vertebrae from fracture
THE AXIAL SKELETON
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• The vertebral column:
• Composed of a series of bones called vertebrae
(Adult=26)
– 7 cervical are in the neck region
– 12 thoracic are posterior to the thoracic cavity
– 5 lumbar support the lower back
– 1 sacrum consists of five fused sacral vertebrae
– 1 coccyx consists of four fused coccygeal vertebrae
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• Intervertebral Discs:
• Found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
• Functions to:
– Form strong joints
– Permit various movements of the vertebral column
– Absorb vertical shock
• Vertebrae typically consist of:
– A Body (weight bearing)
– A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord)
– Several processes (points of attachment for muscles)
THE AXIAL SKELETON
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• Thorax: (Thoracic cage)
• Thoracic cage is formed by the:
– Sternum
– Ribs
– Costal cartilages
– Thoracic vertebrae
• Functions to:
– Enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and
abdominal cavities
– Provide support for the bones of the upper limbs
– Play a role in breathing
THE AXIAL SKELETON
• Sternum
– “Breastbone” located in the center of the thoracic
wall
– Consists of the manubrium, body, xiphoid process
• Ribs
– Twelve pairs of ribs give structural support to the
sides of the thoracic cavity
• Costal cartilages
– Costal cartilages contribute to the elasticity of the
thoracic cage
THE AXIAL SKELETON
THE AXIAL SKELETON
THANK YOU

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

The skeletal system anatomy
The skeletal system anatomyThe skeletal system anatomy
The skeletal system anatomy
 
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
 
PPT on Lymphatic system
PPT on Lymphatic systemPPT on Lymphatic system
PPT on Lymphatic system
 
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
 
The Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton
The Axial Skeleton & Appendicular SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton
The Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton
 
The digestive system ppt
The digestive system pptThe digestive system ppt
The digestive system ppt
 
Lymphatic system ppt
Lymphatic system pptLymphatic system ppt
Lymphatic system ppt
 
Joints
JointsJoints
Joints
 
Lymphatic System Notes
Lymphatic System NotesLymphatic System Notes
Lymphatic System Notes
 
SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY
SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMYSKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY
SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY
 
Connective tissue
Connective tissue Connective tissue
Connective tissue
 
ppt on Joint
ppt on Jointppt on Joint
ppt on Joint
 
Tissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanation
Tissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanationTissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanation
Tissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanation
 
The respiratory system
The respiratory systemThe respiratory system
The respiratory system
 
Blood Composiotion Blood Physiology
Blood Composiotion Blood PhysiologyBlood Composiotion Blood Physiology
Blood Composiotion Blood Physiology
 
Blood
BloodBlood
Blood
 
Classification of bones (anatomy)
Classification of bones (anatomy)Classification of bones (anatomy)
Classification of bones (anatomy)
 
Blood composition and its functions on 17.09.2016
Blood composition and its functions  on 17.09.2016Blood composition and its functions  on 17.09.2016
Blood composition and its functions on 17.09.2016
 
Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory systemAnatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
 
Anatomy of Joints & its classification
Anatomy of Joints & its classificationAnatomy of Joints & its classification
Anatomy of Joints & its classification
 

Similar to Skeletal system

Unit ii, chapter-2- skeletal system
Unit ii, chapter-2- skeletal systemUnit ii, chapter-2- skeletal system
Unit ii, chapter-2- skeletal systemAudumbar Mali
 
Skeletal system.pptx
Skeletal system.pptxSkeletal system.pptx
Skeletal system.pptxKeyaArere
 
Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017
Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017
Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017Kathy Richards
 
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicular
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicularSkeletal System and division of axial and appendicular
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicularRupaSingh83
 
Skeletal System
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Skeletal SystemRahul SIR
 
Locomotion and movement
Locomotion and movementLocomotion and movement
Locomotion and movementRevathy_179
 
Lp 1 function structure skeletal
Lp 1 function structure skeletalLp 1 function structure skeletal
Lp 1 function structure skeletalnurseroadrunner
 
Skeletal system d.ph1-athira
Skeletal system d.ph1-athiraSkeletal system d.ph1-athira
Skeletal system d.ph1-athiraATHIRANAIR77
 
Hap osseous system
Hap osseous systemHap osseous system
Hap osseous systemKIRTI GUPTA
 
Skeletal System.pptx
Skeletal System.pptxSkeletal System.pptx
Skeletal System.pptxRohit Bansal
 
Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu
Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu
Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu ANANYAGIRISHBABU
 
Lesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdf
Lesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdfLesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdf
Lesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdfAizaMalonda1
 
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE Jitendra Bhargav
 
Skeletal System.pdf
Skeletal System.pdfSkeletal System.pdf
Skeletal System.pdfKeval81
 

Similar to Skeletal system (20)

Skeletal system
Skeletal systemSkeletal system
Skeletal system
 
Skeletal system
Skeletal systemSkeletal system
Skeletal system
 
Skeletal system
Skeletal system Skeletal system
Skeletal system
 
Unit ii, chapter-2- skeletal system
Unit ii, chapter-2- skeletal systemUnit ii, chapter-2- skeletal system
Unit ii, chapter-2- skeletal system
 
Skeletal system.pptx
Skeletal system.pptxSkeletal system.pptx
Skeletal system.pptx
 
Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017
Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017
Basic ap chapter 7 powerpoint 2017
 
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicular
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicularSkeletal System and division of axial and appendicular
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicular
 
Human Skeletal system
Human Skeletal systemHuman Skeletal system
Human Skeletal system
 
Skeletal System
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Skeletal System
 
Locomotion and movement
Locomotion and movementLocomotion and movement
Locomotion and movement
 
Lp 1 function structure skeletal
Lp 1 function structure skeletalLp 1 function structure skeletal
Lp 1 function structure skeletal
 
Skeletal system d.ph1-athira
Skeletal system d.ph1-athiraSkeletal system d.ph1-athira
Skeletal system d.ph1-athira
 
Hap osseous system
Hap osseous systemHap osseous system
Hap osseous system
 
Skeletal System.pptx
Skeletal System.pptxSkeletal System.pptx
Skeletal System.pptx
 
Skeletal system
Skeletal systemSkeletal system
Skeletal system
 
Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu
Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu
Skeletal system.pptx Ananya girish babu
 
Lesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdf
Lesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdfLesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdf
Lesson 5 How Does the Skeletal System Work.pdf
 
Chapter 7&8
Chapter 7&8Chapter 7&8
Chapter 7&8
 
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE
 
Skeletal System.pdf
Skeletal System.pdfSkeletal System.pdf
Skeletal System.pdf
 

More from abhay joshi

The urinary system
The urinary systemThe urinary system
The urinary systemabhay joshi
 
Skeletal muscles
Skeletal musclesSkeletal muscles
Skeletal musclesabhay joshi
 
Transport of material across the cell membrane
Transport of material across the cell membraneTransport of material across the cell membrane
Transport of material across the cell membraneabhay joshi
 
Cellular leval of organization
Cellular leval of organizationCellular leval of organization
Cellular leval of organizationabhay joshi
 
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYIntroduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYabhay joshi
 
Herbal cosmetics
Herbal cosmeticsHerbal cosmetics
Herbal cosmeticsabhay joshi
 
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culturePlant tissue culture
Plant tissue cultureabhay joshi
 

More from abhay joshi (13)

The urinary system
The urinary systemThe urinary system
The urinary system
 
Nervous system
Nervous systemNervous system
Nervous system
 
Blood 4
Blood 4Blood 4
Blood 4
 
Skeletal muscles
Skeletal musclesSkeletal muscles
Skeletal muscles
 
Cell division
Cell divisionCell division
Cell division
 
Transport of material across the cell membrane
Transport of material across the cell membraneTransport of material across the cell membrane
Transport of material across the cell membrane
 
Cellular leval of organization
Cellular leval of organizationCellular leval of organization
Cellular leval of organization
 
Anotomy of Skin
Anotomy of SkinAnotomy of Skin
Anotomy of Skin
 
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYIntroduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
 
Plant bitters
Plant bittersPlant bitters
Plant bitters
 
Sweetners
SweetnersSweetners
Sweetners
 
Herbal cosmetics
Herbal cosmeticsHerbal cosmetics
Herbal cosmetics
 
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culturePlant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture
 

Recently uploaded

General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 

Skeletal system

  • 1. SKELETAL SYSTEM Prepared by, Abhay Shripad Joshi Assistant Professor Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad abhay.joshirss@gmail.com
  • 2. SKELATAL SYSTEM • Bone tissues makes up about 18% of the total human body weight. • The skeletal system supports and protects the body while giving it shape and form. • Osteology: It is the branch of science that deals with the study of the skeletal system, their structure and functions.
  • 3. SKELETAL SYSTEM • COMPOSED OF: -Bones -Cartilage -Joints -Ligaments
  • 4. FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM • SUPPORT: Hard framework that supports and anchors the soft organs of the body. • PROTECTION: Surrounds organs such as the brain and spinal cord. • MOVEMENT: Allows for muscle attachment therefore the bones are used as levers. • STORAGE: Minerals and lipids are stored within bone material. • BLOOD CELL FORMATION: The bone marrow is responsible for blood cell production.
  • 5. DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM • The human skeleton consists of 206 named bones • Bones of the skeleton are grouped into two principal divisions: – Axial skeleton • Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs, sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column – Appendicular skeleton • Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities), plus the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
  • 6. DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
  • 7. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE • Bones can be classified into five types based on shape: • Long • Short • Flat • Irregular • Sesamoid
  • 8. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE • Long Bones – Greater length than width and are slightly curved for strength – Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges • Short bones – Cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width – Carpal, tarsal • Flat bones – Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue – Cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae • Irregular bones – Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories – Vertebrae, hip bones, some facial bones, calcaneus • Sesamoid bones – Protect tendons from excessive wear and tear – Patellae, foot, hand
  • 9. THE AXIAL SKELETON The axial skeleton consists of : 1. Skull. 2. Vertebral column (spinal column). 3. Thoracic cage. 4. Sternum.
  • 10. THE AXIAL SKELETON Skull • The skull is situated on the upper end of vertebral column and its bony structure is divided into 2 parts. 1. The cranium 2. The face
  • 11. THE AXIAL SKELETON A. Cranium: • It is formed by flat and irregular bones that provides a bony protection to the brain. • 1 Frontal Bone – It forms the forehead, It forms parts of eye sockets – The coronal suture joins the frontal and parietal bones. • 2 Parietal Bones – It form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity, it articulates with each other at the sagittal suture. – It joins the frontal bone with coronal suture and occipital bone with lambdoidal suture and the temporal bones at the squamous suture. • 2 Temporal Bones – These bones lie one on each side of the head and form immovable joints with the parietal, occipital, sphenoid and zygomatic bones. – The temporal bone articulates with the mendible at the tempo-mandibular joint.
  • 12. THE AXIAL SKELETON • 1 Occipital Bone – It forms back of head and most of the base of the skull. – It has immovable joints with the parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones. • 1 Sphenoid Bone – It occupies the middle portion of base of skull and it articulates with the occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal bones. • 1 Ethmoid Bone – It occupies the anterior part of base of the skull and helps to form the orbital cavity, the nasal septum and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. – It is very delight bone containing many air sinuses that opens into the nasal cavity.
  • 14. THE AXIAL SKELETON B. The Face (Facial bones) • Nasal Bones – Form the bridge of the nose • Maxillae – Form the upper jawbone – Form most of the hard palate • Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity • Zygomatic Bones – commonly called cheekbones, form the prominences of the cheeks • Lacrimal Bones – Form a part of the medial wall of each orbit • Palatine Bones – Form the posterior portion of the hard palate • Inferior Nasal Conchae – Form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
  • 15. THE AXIAL SKELETON • Vomer – Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum • Mandible – Lower jawbone – The largest, strongest facial bone – The only movable skull bone • Nasal Septum – Divides the interior of the nasal cavity into right and left sides – “Broken nose,” in most cases, refers to septal damage rather than the nasal bones themselves • Orbits – Eye socket • Foramina – Openings for blood vessels , nerves , or ligaments of the skull
  • 18. THE AXIAL SKELETON • The vertebral column: • Also called the spine, backbone, or spinal column • Functions to: – Protect the spinal cord – Support the head – Serve as a point of attachment for the ribs, pelvic girdle, and muscles • The vertebral column is curved to varying degrees in different locations – Curves increase the column strength – Help maintain balance in the upright position – Absorb shocks during walking, and help protect the vertebrae from fracture
  • 20. THE AXIAL SKELETON • The vertebral column: • Composed of a series of bones called vertebrae (Adult=26) – 7 cervical are in the neck region – 12 thoracic are posterior to the thoracic cavity – 5 lumbar support the lower back – 1 sacrum consists of five fused sacral vertebrae – 1 coccyx consists of four fused coccygeal vertebrae
  • 21. THE AXIAL SKELETON • Intervertebral Discs: • Found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae • Functions to: – Form strong joints – Permit various movements of the vertebral column – Absorb vertical shock • Vertebrae typically consist of: – A Body (weight bearing) – A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord) – Several processes (points of attachment for muscles)
  • 23. THE AXIAL SKELETON • Thorax: (Thoracic cage) • Thoracic cage is formed by the: – Sternum – Ribs – Costal cartilages – Thoracic vertebrae • Functions to: – Enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities – Provide support for the bones of the upper limbs – Play a role in breathing
  • 24. THE AXIAL SKELETON • Sternum – “Breastbone” located in the center of the thoracic wall – Consists of the manubrium, body, xiphoid process • Ribs – Twelve pairs of ribs give structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity • Costal cartilages – Costal cartilages contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage