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inhertance c++

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Inheritance allows classes to derive from existing classes, promoting code reuse. There are different types of inheritance like single, multilevel, multiple, and hierarchical. Constructors and destructors are called in the reverse order in inheritance, with base class constructors called before derived class constructors, and base class destructors called after derived class destructors.

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Inheritance It is the mechanism of deriving new class from existing class.It provides the idea of reusability. A B Base , super,parent class derived , sub, child class
Types of inheritance ,[object Object],B A Multilevel Multiple Hierarchical hybrid B A C A B C A B A C A D A E F A G H I J B A C B A B C C
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
syntax ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class der2:private base { Public: Void get() { Int p; p=x; //error not accessible p=y; // ok p=z; //ok } }; Void main() { Int M; der1 d1; M=d1.x; //error M=d1.y; //error M=d1.z; //ok der2 d2; M=d2.x; //error M=d2.y; // error M=d2.z; //error }
Single level inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:public base { Int y; Public: Get_derived(int a) { y=a; } Display_derived() { Cout<<“y=“<<y; } }; Void main() { derived d; d.Get_base(10); d.Dispaly_base(); d.Get_derived(20); d.Dispaly_derived(); }
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:public base { Int y; Public: Get_derived(int a) { Get_base(40); y=a; } Display_derived() { Display_base(); Cout<<“y=“<<y; } }; Void main() { derived d; d.Get_derived(10); d.Dispaly_derived(); }
Private inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:private base { }; Void main() { derived d; d.Dispaly_base(); } o/p ------ error
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:private base { Int y; Public: Get_derived(int a) { Get_base(20); y=a; } Display_derived() { Display_base(); Cout<<“y=“<<y; } }; Void main() { derived d; d.Get_derived(10); d.Dispaly_derived(); }
Function overriding
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:public base { Int y; Public: Getdata(int a) { y=a; } Display() { Cout<<“y=“<<y; } }; Void main() { derived d; d.Getdata(); d.Dispaly(); } o/p--- y =
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],void main() { Volume v; v.get(); v.cal_volume(); }
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],void main() { Volume v; v.get(); Int vol=length*height*width; Cout<<“volume=“<<vol; } o/p === error (protected member can be accessed in that class and in derived class not in main)
Multilevel inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class third:public second { Public: Display3() { Cout<<“third class”; } }; Void main() { third t; t.Display1(); t.Display2(); t.Display3(); }
Multiple inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class result:public super,public:sub { Public: Void show() { getbase(); getpower(); Int t=1; for(int i=1;i<=power;i++) { t=t*base; } Cout<<“base=“<<base; Cout<<“power=“<<power; Cout<<“output result=“<<t; } }; Void main() { Result t; t.show(); }
Hierarchical inheritance a b c d e f g h i j
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class college2: public university { Protected: Char college_name[20]; Public: college2() { Strcpy(college_name,”A.I.E.T”); } Void display2() { Cout<<“college name=<<college_name; Cout<<“university name=<<uname; } }; Void main() { University u; u.getuniversity(); College1 c1; C1.display1(); College2 c2; C2.display2(); }
Hybrid ,[object Object],Test sports result
[object Object],class sports { protected: float score; public: void getscore() { cout< < endl< < &quot;Enter your score :&quot;; cin>>score; } void putscore() { cout< < score< < &quot;&quot;; } }; class results : public test , public sports { private : float total; public : void putresult() { total = m1+m2+score; cout< < total; } };
[object Object]
2nd example of hybrid: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Animals Mammals Reptiles Snakes
SOLUTION OF IT: VIRTUAL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],VIRTUAL BASE CLASS class a { }; class b:public virtual a { }; class c: virtual public a { }; class d: public b, public c { }; B and C share the same subobject of A. Using the keyword virtual in this example ensures that an object of class D inherits only one subobject of class A //ERROR
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main() { D obj; Obj.show(); } o/p: It is base class
Constructor and destructor in inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object]
Constructor and destructor in inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main() { Derived d; } O/P it is base class it is derived class
Destructor in inheritance ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main() { Derived d; } o/p : it is base class constructor it is derived class constructor it is derived class destructor it is base class destructor
Explicitly calling constructor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],~derived() { Cout<<“it is derived class destructor<<endl”; } }; Void main() { Derived d; } o/p : it is base class constructor it is derived class constructor it is derived class destructor it is base class destructor
Constructor and destructor in multilevel
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived2:public derived1 { Public: derived() { Cout<<“it is derived2 class constructor <<endl”; } ~derived() { Cout<<“it is derived2 class destructor <<endl”; } }; Void main() { Derived2 obj; } o/p: it is base class constructor it is derived1 class constructor it is derived2 class constructor it is derived2 class destructor it is derived1 class destructor it is base class destructor
Constructor and destructor in multiple inheritance Constructor is called in the sequence of inheritance Class a { }; Class b { }; Class c: public b,public a { }; Then first constructor of b then of a is called
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:public base2,public base1 { Public: derived() { Cout<<“it is derived class constructor <<endl”; } }; Void main() { Derived d; } o/p: it is base2 class constructor it is base1 class constructor it is derived class constructor
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class derived:public base2, public base1 { Public: derived():base1(), base2() { Cout<<“it is derived class constructor <<endl”; } }; Void main() { Derived d; } o/p: it is base2 class constructor it is base1 class constructor it is derived class constructor Same output even done explicit calling
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main( ) { Derived d(20,30); } o/p X=20 Y=30
Initialize the values of data members from constructor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main() { Demo d; }
Containership ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main() { Lower l; } o/p hello
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Void main() { lower l; } o/p it is upper class constructor it is lower class constructor

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inhertance c++

  • 1. Inheritance It is the mechanism of deriving new class from existing class.It provides the idea of reusability. A B Base , super,parent class derived , sub, child class
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  • 17. Hierarchical inheritance a b c d e f g h i j
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  • 30. Constructor and destructor in multilevel
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  • 32. Constructor and destructor in multiple inheritance Constructor is called in the sequence of inheritance Class a { }; Class b { }; Class c: public b,public a { }; Then first constructor of b then of a is called
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