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1. Tour of the basic elements of Photography
Basic Photography &
INTRODUCTION TO DSLRs

2. Types of Digital Cameras
• 3 Main classifications
• - Compacts
• - Digital SLR
• - Mobile devices

3. Compact Cameras or Point and Shoot digital Cameras (P&S)
• - Commonly referred to as “consumer” digital cameras.
• - Represent probably 90% of all digital cameras on the market
• - Typically small, compact and lightweight
• - Targeted at broad majority
• - Typically very User-Friendly
• - Image Quality has improved drastically

4. Digital SLR (DSLR)
• SLR Stands for Single Lens Reflex
• - Have larger sensors, resulting in greater image quality
• - Tend to favor manual control, lacking many automatic settings
found on P&S
• - Much larger and heavier
• - Ability to interchange system lenses

5. Mobile Devices
• Always with you !!
• - Good Image quality in mobiles like pureview 808 or lumia 920
• - Newer devices have various scene modes
• - always in your pocket
• - gives to opportunity to make photographs anytime

6. Can u guess the camera from which these pics are taken ?

7. DSLRVsCompactcameras!!
• So What is the REAL difference between a
digital SLR and a point and shoot camera?

8. DSLRVsCompactcameras!!
The short answer is.....Image Quality
• But Why?
• How can a 6 megapixel DSLR take a better picture than a 10
megapixel point and shoot?
•Because Size Matters!

9. DSLRVsCompactcameras!! How the digital sensor work ??
• - Each digital image is made from millions of tiny
squares, known as pixels.
• - Essentially, an image is recorded by tiny microlenses
(pixels) which make up the cameras sensor

10. DSLRVsCompactcameras!!
• All Pixels are not created equal!
• -A digital sensor is essentially made up of millions of tiny micro-
lenses (pixels)
• - Pixels are analog devices which record light and color data
• - Larger Sensors contain larger pixels, which are much better in
collecting this data

11. DSLRVsCompactcameras!!
The sensor size of different cameras !!

12. DSLRVsCompactcameras!!
Cameras Compared

13. DSLRVsCompactcameras!!
Full-Frame versus APS-C Sized Sensors

14. Getting a “Good” shot
• While there are hundreds of factors which can
make a photo “good”, it is still a relative term, and
good to one person may not be good to someone
else.
• For our purposes we will refer to good in the
sense of a correct exposure.

15. Exposure
• A “correct” or “good” exposure occurs when you maintain as much detail as
possible in both the very bright parts (highlights) as well as the very dark parts
(shadows) of an image. How much of a range in which you can capture detail
from light to dark is referred to as the Dynamic Range. As you are about to
see, there can be many “correct” or “good” exposures
• There are three factors which influence the exposure of your image:
• -Shutter Speed
• -Aperture
• -ISO

16. • Refers to how long the shutter is open,
exposing the image sensor to light.
• (how long the camera “sees” the picture)
• Measured in Seconds, from 30 down to 1/8000
Shutter Speed

17. Shutter Speed
MEASURES HOW LONG LIGHT IS LET INTO THE
FILM/CAMERA
• Common values include ½ sec, 1/8 second, 1/1000
second etc
• Shorter time means less time for light to get into the
camera
• Shorter time reduces blurriness

18. Shutter Speed
FASTER SPEED
ADVANTAGES
• Reduces blurriness as image is ‘seen’
only briefly – great for sports events.
DISADVANTAGES
• Less time for light to enter camera
• Requires bright conditions

19. Shutter Speed
SLOWER SPEED
ADVANTAGES
• Great for darker conditions (more time for
light to enter the camera)
DISADVANTAGES
• Increased chance of blurriness
• Often requires a tripod be used for steadiness.

20. Fast Shutter Speeds (1/600 and up) are used to stop
motion and will freeze the subject.

21. Slow Shutter Speeds (1/60 or slower) can be used to
portray movement or speed

22. Very Slow Shutter Speeds (5 sec. or slower) can be
used in very low light situations to obtain correct
exposure, or achieve dramatic effects.

23. Very Very Slow Shutter Speeds (30 sec. or slower)
can be used in very low light situations to create
light paintings.

24. Beware!
As your shutter speed decreases, your chances of
getting a blurry image increase because you must
hold the camera steady for a longer period.

25. Aperture
• An aperture is defined as a hole or opening
through which light is admitted.
• Inside the camera lens is a system of blades
which open and close to increase or decrease the
opening through which light passes into the
camera

26. Aperture
• Often referred to as an f-stop, aperture is usually
represented by: f/1.8, or f/5.6
• A Smaller # means a wider opening and is
referred to as a larger value (e.g. A large aperture
of 2.0, a small aperture of 22)
• The wider the lens is open(larger aperture value),
the more light gets in (you can use faster shutter
speeds)

27. Aperture
HOW MUCH LIGHT IS SEEN
• Ranges from about 1.8 to 32
• A higher number (i.e. 32) means less light is
‘seen’.
• A lower number (i.e. 1.8) means more light is
‘seen’.

28. Aperture
HIGHER F-stop (i.e. 32)
ADVANTAGES
• Increased depth of field, i.e. image
background is not blurry
DISADVANTAGES
• Needs more light, i.e. slower shutter speed.

29. Aperture
LOWER F-STOP (i.e. F1.8)
ADVANTAGES
• Lets plenty of light in! Better to use in darker
settings.
• Less blurry since faster shutter speed may be needed
to compensate for more light.
DISADVANTAGES
• No depth of field, i.e. background of image likely out
of focus.

30. Aperture

31. 31
F-STOP IMPACT
Low F-stop High F-stop

32. Depth of Field

33. ISO
• Refers to the light sensitivity of the sensor
• HIGH ISO value means the sensor will be MORE
sensitive to light, meaning it will take LESS LIGHT
to get the right exposure
• Similar to Film Speeds in 35mm format

34. ISO
• Typically ranges from 100-1600
• Newer Digital cameras have a higher range
(up to 64000) and also lower values.
• Using High ISO values causes the sensor to
produce much more heat, which creates digital
“noise” in images.
• Noise is similar to film grain and causes loss of
fine detail in images
• It is more visible in dark parts of an image and is
generally more noticeable when displayed on
screen than in print

35. ISO

36. ISO

37. ISO

38. White Balance
• White balance doesn't really affect your exposure,
just the appearance of colors in the image
• Different light sources cast their own colors,
which cannot usually be noticed with the naked
eye.
• White Balance is essentially the camera
compensating for the color cast of the light in
order to reproduce the “correct” colors

39. Correct Exposure
Aperture – f/5
Shutter speed -1/60
Iso – 2000
Wrongly exposed !!

40. Correct Exposure
• A perfect balance between iso , f-stop and shutter
speed
• Auto white balance does a good job !!
• But for potraits cloudy white balance gives
warmer picture
• Flash compensation and exposure bias adjusted
correctly !!

41. Tips for Taking Good Photos
• Photography in Classrooms and Schools
– Be aware of the background
• Can clutter be cleared up?
• Cables and other distracting “stuff” laying around?
– Kids love to make hand signals
• We can’t use these photos.
– Remember sky/ground ceiling/floor and framing
41

42. Tips for Taking Good Photos
42
Too much ceiling !!

43. Tips for Taking Good Photos
43

44. Tips for Taking Good Photos
44
Photos of Groups
Try to line up in even rows without some people too far in the
foreground and others too far back.
If the back of the group is too close to a wall you might get
unwanted shadows.
Can everyone see the camera. If not, their face will not be in the
photo.
People wave, but remind them not to cover someone else’s face.
If outside, try to have your back to the sun, watch out for your
shadow. If the sun is too bright people will have to squint.

45. Tips for Taking Good Photos
45
•The guys way in
the front of the
rest make it too
difficult to see the
others far in the
back.
•Waving hands
expressions and
signs often hide
others face !!

46. Tips for Taking Good Photos
46
Action Shots
– People speaking
It can be really difficult to take a photo of someone
while they are talking. Try to time the photo when
they are in between words to avoid funny faces.
– Hand Movement
Try to time the photo in between hand motions to
avoid blurriness.

47. Tips for Taking Good Photos
47
Images Could use to express making
a point.
Light background is better contrast.

48. Questions ??Thank you !!